Plant growth regulation by seed coating with films of alginate and auxin-intercalated layered double hydroxides

• Vander A. de Castro,
• Valber G. O. Duarte,
• Danúbia A. C. Nobre,
• Geraldo H. Silva,
• Vera R. L. Constantino,
• Frederico G. Pinto,
• Willian R. Macedo and
• Jairo Tronto

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1082–1091, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.93

• layered compounds, emerges as a very promising approach to a new form of growth regulator application. Thus, the presented work had three aims: (i) the synthesis and characterization of an organic–inorganic hybrid material containing a layered double hydroxide (LDH) of zinc and aluminum and the synthetic

• growth. This work describes (i) the synthesis and characterization of a zinc–aluminium LDH intercalated with NAA (ZnAl-NAA-LDH); (ii) the preparation a hybrid films for bean seed coating (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) containing a mixture of sodium alginate and ZnAl-NAA-LDH; (iii) bioassays with the coated

• °C (mass loss of 9.6%) and the release of a fragment with m/z 18 suggests sample dehydration. The second step from 155 °C up to about 260 °C (mass loss of 9.1% and m/z 18) is assigned to the dehydroxylation of the zinc–aluminium LDH layers [27]. Between 260 and 500 °C, the sample loses about 38% of

Microwave-induced electric discharges on metal particles for the synthesis of inorganic nanomaterials under solvent-free conditions

• Vijay Tripathi,
• Harit Kumar,
• Anubhav Agarwal and
• Leela S. Panchakarla

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1019–1025, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.86

• , microwave irradiation of zinc metal in the presence of Teflon and g-C3N4 creates ZnF2 nanorods inside fluorinated carbon. From XPS (Figure S4, Supporting Information File 1) the carbon-to-fluorine ratio was calculated to be 3:2. Zn is highly electropositive and reacts readily with fluorine from Teflon and

Band tail state related photoluminescence and photoresponse of ZnMgO solid solution nanostructured films

• Vadim Morari,
• Aida Pantazi,
• Nicolai Curmei,
• Vitalie Postolache,
• Emil V. Rusu,
• Marius Enachescu,
• Ion M. Tiginyanu and
• Veaceslav V. Ursaki

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 899–910, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.75

• to some Zn clusters [43]. A peak at 40.5° marked with an asterisk in Figure 6b was previously found in ZnO nanopowders prepared by the sol–gel method with zinc acetate dihydrate as a precursor [44]. In contrast to this, only peaks related to the Zn0.8Mg0.2O phase are observed in the film annealed at

• deposition of 10 layers, the sample was treated at a temperature in the range of 400–650 °C in air for one hour. For the purpose of comparison, thin films were also prepared by the aerosol spray pyrolysis method. A solution of zinc acetate dihydrate with 99.999% purity and magnesium acetate tetrahydrate with

• purity ≥ 99%, both purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, dissolved in ethanol (C2H5OH), was sprayed onto the substrate using a homemade sprayer with an O2 gas flow. The substrate was heated in the temperature range of 400 °C to 650 °C during the deposition. 0.35 M zinc acetate and magnesium acetate solutions

Preparation, characterization and photocatalytic performance of heterostructured CuO–ZnO-loaded composite nanofiber membranes

• Wei Fang,
• Liang Yu and
• Lan Xu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 631–650, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.50

• methyl orange. Experimental Materials Anhydrous copper acetate (Cu(Ac)2, Mw = 199.65 g/mol) and anhydrous zinc acetate (Zn(Ac)2, Mw = 183.48 g/mol) were supplied by Shanghai Macklin Biochemical Co., Ltd. and Aladdin industrial Corporation (Shanghai, China), respectively. Polyacrylonitrile (PAN, Mw

• = 150,000 g/mol) powders were purchased from Beijing Lark Branch Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China). Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF, Mw = 400,000 g/mol) and N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) were provided from Shanghai Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Anhydrous copper sulfate (CuSO4, Mw = 159.60 g/mol), zinc

• ammonium ions will be released, and copper ions and zinc ions will form [Cu(NH3)4]2+ and [Zn(NH3)4]2+, respectively. Finally, Cu(OH)2 and Zn(OH)2 are formed under alkaline conditions after the addition of NH3·H2O. At a certain temperature and pressure, the water evaporate, and CuO and ZnO nanocrystals will

Multilayer capsules made of weak polyelectrolytes: a review on the preparation, functionalization and applications in drug delivery

• Varsha Sharma and
• Anandhakumar Sundaramurthy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 508–532, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.41

Formation of nanoripples on ZnO flat substrates and nanorods by gas cluster ion bombardment

• Xiaomei Zeng,
• Vasiliy Pelenovich,
• Bin Xing,
• Rakhim Rakhimov,
• Wenbin Zuo,
• Alexander Tolstogouzov,
• Chuansheng Liu,
• Dejun Fu and
• Xiangheng Xiao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 383–390, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.29

• ., Ltd.) by means of a two-step hydrothermal (HT) growth process. The first step is the synthesis of a seed layer and the second step is the ZnO nanorod growth. To prepare the seed layer solution we stirred 5 mM Zn(CH3COO)2·2H2O (zinc acetate dehydrate, 99.9%, Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd) in 10

Poly(1-vinylimidazole) polyplexes as novel therapeutic gene carriers for lung cancer therapy

• Gayathri Kandasamy,
• Elena N. Danilovtseva,
• Vadim V. Annenkov and
• Uma Maheswari Krishnan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 354–369, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.26

• the hepatocyte surface through the lactosylated poly(ʟ-lysine). The endosomal escape was mediated through a pH-responsive protonation of the imidazole and amino moieties that disrupted the endosomal membrane [17]. Zinc–PVI systems have also been investigated for complexing DNA for gene delivery

Facile biogenic fabrication of hydroxyapatite nanorods using cuttlefish bone and their bactericidal and biocompatibility study

• Satheeshkumar Balu,
• Manisha Vidyavathy Sundaradoss,
• Swetha Andra and
• Jaison Jeevanandam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 285–295, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.21

• structure, diffusion rate, metabolism and interaction of the nanoparticles with the microorganisms [57]. A similar study was conducted by Tank et al. (2014) to compare the antibacterial activity of pure and zinc-doped nanometer-sized Hap that are synthesized via a chemical precipitation mediated surfactant

• approach against gram positive S. aureus, Bacillus cereus, Micrococcus luteus, gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Shigella flexnari. The study revealed that both pure and zinc-doped Hap have a needle-like morphology [58] and exhibited significant antibacterial activity against M. luteus and S. aureus

Rational design of block copolymer self-assemblies in photodynamic therapy

• Maxime Demazeau,
• Laure Gibot,
• Anne-Françoise Mingotaud,
• Patricia Vicendo,
• Clément Roux and
• Barbara Lonetti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 180–212, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.15

• inspiration from red blood cells, which transport oxygen via haemoglobin, the poly(acrylic acid) block in poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(acrylic acid)-block-polystyrene self-assemblies was conjugated to haemoglobin via carbodiimide chemistry [61]. The resultant carrier loaded with zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc

• . Therefore, the optimal loading has to be determined for each system. Ping et al. described a simple UV–visible spectroscopy method to assess the degree of aggregation inside the vector, thanks to the evolution of the PS spectrum (zinc phthalocyanine in their case) [148]. Shi et al. described the

Molecular architectonics of DNA for functional nanoarchitectures

• Debasis Ghosh,
• Lakshmi P. Datta and
• Thimmaiah Govindaraju

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 124–140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.11

• the dTn chain length and temperature [85]. The multichromophoric array of NDI and oligo-dTn assembled over a gold substrate showed photocurrent generation due to electron conduction because of the π‐stacked array of the NDI assembly. In their next design approach, two separate zinc binding systems, Zn

Advanced hybrid nanomaterials

• Andreas Taubert,
• Fabrice Leroux,
• Pierre Rabu and
• Verónica de Zea Bermudez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2563–2567, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.247

• devices based on the combination of dicyanomethylene and pyranine as organic dyes supported on zinc single-layered hydroxide” [31]. In this article, two fluorescent organic dyes, dicyanomethylene and pyranine, emit visible light upon blue LED excitation and are tethered to single layer hydroxide platelets

Synthesis and acetone sensing properties of ZnFe₂O₄/rGO gas sensors

• Kaidi Wu,
• Yifan Luo,
• Ying Li and
• Chao Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2516–2526, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.242

• amounts of acetone still need to be enhanced. As a dual metal oxide, AB2O4 spinel materials received much attention in the field of gas sensing [13][14]. With a unique spinel structure and a narrow bandgap width (≈1.94 eV), zinc ferrite (ZnFe2O4) has remarkable properties and shows good potential in the

Long-term entrapment and temperature-controlled-release of SF₆ gas in metal–organic frameworks (MOFs)

• Hana Bunzen,
• Andreas Kalytta-Mewes,
• Leo van Wüllen and
• Dirk Volkmer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1851–1859, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.180

• -86159 Augsburg, Germany Chair of Chemical Physics and Materials Science, Institute of Physics, University of Augsburg, Universitätsstraße 1, D-86159 Augsburg, Germany 10.3762/bjnano.10.180 Abstract In this work, a metal–organic framework (MOF), namely MFU-4, which is comprised of zinc cations and

• connected via ultranarrow pore apertures. As a proof-of-principle study, we used a MOF called MFU-4 (where MFU-4 stands for Metal−Organic Framework Ulm University-4) to trap xenon gas inside the pores [12]. MFU-4 is comprised of zinc cations and benzotriazolate ions (Scheme 1) [13]. It crystallizes in the

Novel hollow titanium dioxide nanospheres with antimicrobial activity against resistant bacteria

• Carol López de Dicastillo,
• Cristian Patiño,
• María José Galotto,
• Yesseny Vásquez-Martínez,
• Claudia Torrent,
• Daniela Alburquenque,
• Alejandro Pereira and
• Juan Escrig

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1716–1725, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.167

• -positive and Gram-negative bacteria [2]. In recent years, metal and metal oxide NPs, such as silver, gold, titanium and zinc oxide NPs, have been extensively studied due to their interesting antimicrobial character [3][4][5]. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) NPs have also attracted significant attention due to

Tuning the performance of vanadium redox flow batteries by modifying the structural defects of the carbon felt electrode

• Ditty Dixon,
• Deepu Joseph Babu,
• Aiswarya Bhaskar,
• Hans-Michael Bruns,
• Joerg J. Schneider,
• Frieder Scheiba and
• Helmut Ehrenberg

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1698–1706, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.165

• flow batteries like zinc/bromine, the electrical energy in VRFBs is completely stored by the electrolyte in an external tank. Thus, in VRFB systems, the power and energy can be decoupled, that is, to store more energy, only the tank size needs to be increased. Moreover, since the system uses only a

High-temperature resistive gas sensors based on ZnO/SiC nanocomposites

• Vadim B. Platonov,
• Marina N. Rumyantseva,
• Alexander S. Frolov,
• Alexey D. Yapryntsev and
• Alexander M. Gaskov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1537–1547, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.151

• pore diameter of 30 nm (Figure 2f). The polymeric fibers containing zinc acetate (Figure 2b) are cylindrical wires about 500 nm in diameter. The ZnO nanofibers obtained after annealing (Figure 2d) consist of polycrystalline wires with an average diameter of 150 nm formed by nanocrystals about 20–30 nm

• of zinc oxide contains an intense broad signal, corresponding to the stretching vibrations of Zn–O bonds (635–400 cm−1). The above spectrum also shows the signals from the multi-phonon vibrational modes of the ZnO lattice (990 and 870 cm−1). In accordance with the literature data, such oscillations

• do not appear at 78 K, but are noticeable at room temperature [20]. Nitro and nitrite groups [21][22] formed during the decomposition of PVP are also present on the surface of zinc oxide, as evidenced by the appearance of IR signals in the 1430–1260 cm−1 region, corresponding to the symmetric and

Playing with covalent triazine framework tiles for improved CO₂ adsorption properties and catalytic performance

• Giulia Tuci,
• Andree Iemhoff,
• Housseinou Ba,
• Lapo Luconi,
• Andrea Rossin,
• Vasiliki Papaefthimiou,
• Regina Palkovits,
• Jens Artz,
• Cuong Pham-Huu and
• Giuliano Giambastiani

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1217–1227, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.121

• conditions, in molten zinc chloride, the rational combination of dicyano-substituted organic moieties can be used to provide stable carbon nanomaterials with diverse morphologies (i.e., porosity and specific surface area) along with variable chemical composition (i.e., content and type of light elements such

A highly efficient porous rod-like Ce-doped ZnO photocatalyst for the degradation of dye contaminants in water

• Binjing Hu,
• Qiang Sun,
• Chengyi Zuo,
• Yunxin Pei,
• Siwei Yang,
• Hui Zheng and
• Fangming Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1157–1165, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.115

• decarboxylation. Generally, zinc oxide materials can be synthesized via a hydrothermal process [18], sol–gel method [19], microemulsion method [20], among others. Due to its narrow band, the application of zinc oxide is limited, thus it is common to modify ZnO using rare-earth ions [9]. Koao et al. [21

• knowledge, the synthesis of rod-like Ce-doped ZnO (abbreviated as CZO [9]) by pyrolysis derived from ZIF-8 (a zeolitic imidazolate framework, ZIF) has not been reported. As one of the most frequently used MOFs, ZIF-8 (2-methylimidazole zinc salt) has potential applications in gas storage, catalysis, etc

• , XPS, SEM and ICP, respectively. Furthermore, to supply a helpful reference for large-scale dye degradation, the optimum photocatalytic conditions of undoped and doped catalysts were also screened. Sample preparation Materials and instruments In this study, zinc acetate dihydrate was purchased from

Photoactive nanoarchitectures based on clays incorporating TiO₂ and ZnO nanoparticles

• Eduardo Ruiz-Hitzky,
• Pilar Aranda,
• Marwa Akkari,
• Nithima Khaorapapong and
• Makoto Ogawa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1140–1156, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.114

• dioxide and zinc oxide nanoparticles with clay minerals to give diverse clay–semiconductor nanoarchitectures are summarized and critically discussed in this review article. The possibility to use clay minerals as starting components showing different morphologies, such as layered, fibrous, or tubular

• ; nanoarchitectures; photocatalysts; titanium dioxide; zinc dioxide; Review Introduction: immobilization of nanoscale TiO2 and ZnO on clay minerals Nanoarchitectonics is a term coined by Japan's National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), which refers to the nanoscale design of complex materials through a deep

• NPs grew from 6 to 18 nm during calcination at 500–700 °C with a phase transition from anatase to rutile taking place at ca. 650 °C [96]. Layered silicates, such as kaolinite and montmorillonite, also stabilize the formation of ZnO NPs (Figure 2A) from zinc cyclohexanebutyrate hydrolyzed in dimethyl

Porous N- and S-doped carbon–carbon composite electrodes by soft-templating for redox flow batteries

• Maike Schnucklake,
• László Eifert,
• Jonathan Schneider,
• Roswitha Zeis and
• Christina Roth

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1131–1139, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.113

• possible to scale-up the method to industrial standards [21]. In earlier studies we reported on a salt-templating method, where we embedded a PAN-based carbon felt into a eutectic mixture containing zinc chloride and sodium chloride mixed with an ionic liquid as the carbon source [22]. Herein, we present

• nitrogen source. Also it is much more environmentally friendly, since zinc chloride is no longer needed and replaced by the structure-directing agent Pluronic® F-127. Pluronic is a self-assembly block copolymer, which has already been widely used as template in the synthesis of porous carbons [24]. Strong

• with the electrolyte. This method does not rely on expensive precursors and thus enables an environmentally friendly way to achieve porous carbon electrode materials without the utilization of zinc chloride or other hazardous substances. Experimental Materials 2-Thiophenecarboxaldehyde (98%), pyrrole-2

Quantitative analysis of annealing-induced instabilities of photo-leakage current and negative-bias-illumination-stress in a-InGaZnO thin-film transistors

• Dapeng Wang and
• Mamoru Furuta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1125–1130, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.112

• temperature on the initial electrical characteristics and photo-induced instabilities of amorphous indium gallium zinc oxide (a-IGZO) thin-film transistors (TFTs). The extracted electrical parameters from transfer curves suggest that a low-temperature treatment maintains a high density of defects in the IGZO

Scavenging of reactive oxygen species by phenolic compound-modified maghemite nanoparticles

• Małgorzata Świętek,
• Yi-Chin Lu,
• Rafał Konefał,
• Liliana P. Ferreira,
• M. Margarida Cruz,
• Yunn-Hwa Ma and
• Daniel Horák

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1073–1088, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.108

• catalyzed by metal-ion cofactors, such as iron, copper, zinc, and manganese [3]. The non-enzymatic antioxidant defense uses glutathione, vitamins C and E, melatonin, catecholamines, and substances of plant origin, such as phenols and carotenoids, to interrupt undesirable ROS action. Phenolic compounds are

• , phenolic compounds with a higher number of hydroxy groups have enhanced ROS scavenging capability. In addition to low-molecular-weight phenolic compounds of natural origin, some inorganic nanoparticles also have antioxidant properties, e.g., zinc, cerium, magnesium oxide, magnetite, and silver [6][7][8][9

Novel reversibly switchable wettability of superhydrophobic–superhydrophilic surfaces induced by charge injection and heating

• Xiangdong Ye,
• Junwen Hou and
• Dongbao Cai

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 840–847, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.84

• contact angle of 0°. Li et al. [8] prepared a superhydrophobic and superhydrophilic zinc oxide film on a bamboo surface. The surface was irradiated by ultraviolet radiation/darkroom for 12 h. A storage period of ten days induced the reversible switching between superhydrophilicity and superhydrophobicity

Towards rare-earth-free white light-emitting diode devices based on the combination of dicyanomethylene and pyranine as organic dyes supported on zinc single-layered hydroxide

• Jeff L. Nyalosaso,
• Rachod Boonsin,
• Pierre Vialat,
• Damien Boyer,
• Geneviève Chadeyron,
• Rachid Mahiou and
• Fabrice Leroux

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 760–770, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.75

• -emitting diode (LED); pyranine; zinc hydroxyacetate; Introduction Light-emitting diode (LED) devices are the most developed lighting systems today. 95% of LEDs found on the market generate white light by combining the blue light of a semiconductor diode (GaN or InGaN) with the broad yellow emission of the

• +, Ni2+, Co2+ and Cu2+ and X represents an interfoliary anion such as acetate or nitrate. Similar to zinc basic salts, zinc hydroxyacetate Zn5(OH)8(CH3COO)2·2H2O (Zn-SLH) is a white solid that is suitable for our study. Thanks to its positive lamellar charge, Zn-SLH can serve as a diluting solid allowing

• based on Zinc cations [18]. The XRD data evidenced the presence of a single phase with the following lattice parameters: a = 0.312 nm, c = 3.98 nm and d = 1.33 nm. Structures of SLHs have been described by authors such as Rogez and co-workers [18]. The structure derived from botallackite or brucite

On the transformation of “zincone”-like into porous ZnO thin films from sub-saturated plasma enhanced atomic layer deposition

• Alberto Perrotta,
• Julian Pilz,
• Stefan Pachmajer,
• Antonella Milella and
• Anna Maria Coclite

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 746–759, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.74

• /bjnano.10.74 Abstract The synthesis of nanoporous ZnO thin films is achieved through annealing of zinc-alkoxide (“zincone”-like) layers obtained by plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition (PE-ALD). The zincone-like layers are deposited through sub-saturated PE-ALD adopting diethylzinc and O2 plasma with

• the formation of porosity was investigated with ellipsometric porosimetry (EP), already shown suitable for the determination of porosity in hybrid and polymer-derived oxides [12][18][29][42][43]. In the literature, few contributions investigate the transformation of zinc-based alkoxides into porous

• –OH absorption has to be attributed to increased formation of Zn–OH groups as a function of the plasma time. In Figure 2, the high-resolution XPS spectra of C 1s and O 1s are reported as a function of the plasma exposure time. In Table 1, the atomic content (atom %) of carbon, oxygen, and zinc are