Investigating ripple pattern formation and damage profiles in Si and Ge induced by 100 keV Ar⁺ ion beam: a comparative study

• Indra Sulania,
• Harpreet Sondhi,
• Tanuj Kumar,
• Sunil Ojha,
• G R Umapathy,
• Ambuj Mishra,
• Ambuj Tripathi,
• Richa Krishna,
• Devesh Kumar Avasthi and
• Yogendra Kumar Mishra

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 367–375, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.33

• experimental results [11][12]. Thanks to these efforts, desired nanopattern features with a large degree of control may be achieved, according to specific applications, on a wide variety of targets. Facsko et al. [13] have shown controlled growth of nanodots on GaSb, and their probable use was demonstrated via

Modulated critical currents of spin-transfer torque-induced resistance changes in NiCu/Cu multilayered nanowires

• Mengqi Fu,
• Roman Hartmann,
• Julian Braun,
• Sergej Andreev,
• Torsten Pietsch and
• Elke Scheer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 360–366, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.32

• ][13] and ferromagnetic resonance modes [14][15]. Meanwhile it has been shown that it might also lead to sequential flipping of different free layers, which, on the one hand, increases the complexity of the STT effects [16] and, on the other hand, expands its applications [5]. In this work, we present

Controllable physicochemical properties of WO_x thin films grown under glancing angle

• Rupam Mandal,
• Aparajita Mandal,
• Alapan Dutta,
• Rengasamy Sivakumar,
• Sanjeev Kumar Srivastava and
• Tapobrata Som

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 350–359, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.31

• , heterostructures having an n-type WOx layer on various p-type substrates such as p-Si [12][13], Cu2O [14], NiO [15], p-ZnO nanowires (NWs) [16], diamond [17], and BiVO4 [18], have a great technological importance in the field of heterojunction solar cells, LEDs, and resistance random access memory (RRAM) devices

Nanomedicines against Chagas disease: a critical review

• Maria Jose Morilla,
• Kajal Ghosal and
• Eder Lilia Romero

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 333–349, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.30

• daily doses for 60 days after meals [13]. On BNZ metabolization, doses, and toxicity BNZ is a prodrug that requires activation by oxygen-insensitive NADH-dependent trypanosomal type-I nitroreductase (NTRI), found in some protozoan parasites, but not in humans [14]. This activation produces hydroxy and

Comparative electron microscopy particle sizing of TiO₂ pigments: sample preparation and measurement

• Ralf Theissmann,
• Christopher Drury,
• Markus Rohe,
• Thomas Koch,
• Jochen Winkler and
• Petr Pikal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 317–332, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.29

• Technical Report [13]; EM particle size measurements are covered in OECD guidelines [14] as well as in ISO standards [ISO/TS 19749 (published 07/21) and ISO/TS 21363:2020 (published 11/21)]. The key to any visual EM particle sizing method is to take random images of the sample, to evaluate all measurable

• KRONOS INT. Inc., Research Services, involving the dispersion of 2.5% TiO2 in a polyphosphate solution in water (with 2% polyphosphate for stabilisation). Dispersion was performed by an ultrasonic finger (13 mm tip) for 5 min at 250 W and 60% amplitude, equivalent to 562 J/mL. It is worth noting that

Investigating structural and electronic properties of neutral zinc clusters: a G₀W₀ and G₀W₀Г₀⁽¹⁾ benchmark

• Sunila Bakhsh,
• Muhammad Khalid,
• Sameen Aslam,
• Muhammad Sohail,
• Muhammad Aamir Iqbal,
• Mujtaba Ikram and
• Kareem Morsy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 310–316, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.28

• optimization (PSO), combined with density functional approximations, was used to determine the ground state structure. Thus, one can efficiently locate the global minimum in the potential energy surface. Based on the PSO algorithm, Wang et al. [13][14] developed a code called CALYPSO (“Crystal Structure

• out with the PBE exchange–correlation functional of the GGA. The structure prediction in our work was carried out by the CALYPSO code [20][21] with ABACUS software for structure optimization [13][14]. The non-relativistic ONCV-type pseudopotential (SG15 V1.0) [22] was used. The obtained structures

Exploring the relationships between physiochemical properties of nanoparticles and cell damage to combat cancer growth using simple periodic table-based descriptors

• Joyita Roy and
• Kunal Roy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 297–309, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.27

• the safety concerns regarding new NPs in this rapidly growing field. Therefore, computational-based approaches are effective methods in risk assessment. Among them, quantitative structure–property relationship (QSPR) models seem to be the most promising method [13]. However, the physicochemical and

• model. Model development Zeta potential QSPR model To develop the property-based QSPR model, the training set was utilized for model development. The training set of 13 compounds was processed through feature selection via stepwise regression and genetic algorithm (GA) [29]. After feature selection, the

Determining by Raman spectroscopy the average thickness and N-layer-specific surface coverages of MoS₂ thin films with domains much smaller than the laser spot size

• Felipe Wasem Klein,
• Jean-Roch Huntzinger,
• Vincent Astié,
• Damien Voiry,
• Romain Parret,
• Houssine Makhlouf,
• Sandrine Juillaguet,
• Jean-Manuel Decams,
• Sylvie Contreras,
• Périne Landois,
• Ahmed-Azmi Zahab,
• Jean-Louis Sauvajol and
• Matthieu Paillet

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 279–296, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.26

• ][8][9] because of a number of remarkable properties [10][11][12]. Particularly, it was found that the properties of layered TMDs drastically change when their thickness is reduced to a monolayer [13][14]. Layered TMD structures have a graphite-like structure with each graphene sheet replaced with an

• transition to a direct bandgap semiconductor with very high photoluminescence quantum yield when thinned down to a monolayer [13][14][15][16][17]. Its unique electronic and optical properties could provide an edge in many future applications. The multilayers MoS2 structures are of the most common 2Hc type

Ultrasensitive and ultrastretchable metal crack strain sensor based on helical polydimethylsiloxane

• Shangbi Chen,
• Dewen Liu,
• Weiwei Chen,
• Huajiang Chen,
• Jiawei Li and
• Jinfang Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 270–278, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.25

• ], monitoring human health [6][7][8], medical treatment [9][10], soft robotics [11][12], and human–computer interaction [13][14][15]. Numerous flexible strain sensors employing various mechanisms such as piezoresistivity [16][17], capacitance [18][19], and piezoelectricity have been developed to fulfill the

Vinorelbine-loaded multifunctional magnetic nanoparticles as anticancer drug delivery systems: synthesis, characterization, and in vitro release study

• Zeynep Özcan and
• Afife Binnaz Hazar Yoruç

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 256–269, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.24

• ’ magnetization cycle, as Bloch and Neel theorized [11][13]. Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for drug delivery, diagnosis, and cancer therapy have gained wider acceptance in biomedical applications [14]. They have received notable attention in clinical applications such as early disease diagnosis (e.g

Design, fabrication, and characterization of kinetic-inductive force sensors for scanning probe applications

• August K. Roos,
• Ermes Scarano,
• Elisabet K. Arvidsson,
• Erik Holmgren and
• David B. Haviland

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 242–255, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.23

• equilibrium. With AFM, this is typically done by optoelectronic means, using either interferometry [9][10][11] or beam deflection [12][13][14]. These optical methods often require delicate in situ alignment of the detector to the mechanical force transducer. An integrated detector requiring no alignment is

Quantitative wear evaluation of tips based on sharp structures

• Ke Xu and
• Houwen Leng

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 230–241, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.22

• data generation [10][11]. Although tip wear is inevitable, optimizing scanning parameters and understanding the wear process can effectively reduce the wear rate [12]. It is essential to accurately determine the tip morphology and analyze the impact of the scanning parameters on tip wear [13]. There

• (43.7%), and Ra decreases by 0.5 nm (11.9%); at a free amplitude of 250 mV, the ETD increases by 13 nm (125%), and Ra decreases by 1.1 nm (24.4%); at a free amplitude of 300 mV, the ETD increases by 18.8 nm (163.5%), and Ra decreases by 1.8 nm (37.5%). These results show that the probe wears down as it

• process. Figure 13 presents the impact of the set point on Ra and ETD. When the set point is 0.2, the ETD increases by 5.5 nm (67.9%), and Ra decreases by 0.4 nm (8.2%); when the set point is 0.5, the ETD increases by 19.1 nm (185.4%), and Ra decreases by 1.4 nm (30.4%); when the set point is 0.8, the ETD

Multiscale modelling of biomolecular corona formation on metallic surfaces

• Parinaz Mosaddeghi Amini,
• Ian Rouse,
• Julia Subbotina and
• Vladimir Lobaskin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 215–229, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.21

• silico modelling provides a humane and cost-effective means of obtaining the necessary information, thus aiding in the evaluation of NP safety and reducing reliance on animal experimentation [12][13][14]. Data-driven methods that rely on statistical analysis are employed for this purpose, particularly

Ion beam processing of DNA origami nanostructures

• Leo Sala,
• Agnes Zerolová,
• Violaine Vizcaino,
• Alain Mery,
• Alicja Domaracka,
• Hermann Rothard,
• Philippe Boduch,
• Dominik Pinkas and
• Jaroslav Kocišek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 207–214, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.20

• in the present context are works on the use of DNA origami nanostructures in top-down or bottom-up nanopatterning approaches [7][8][9][10]. So far, DNA origami has been proposed only as a resist or as a platform to precisely arrange nanostructure precursors in lithography [11][12][13]. Incorporating

Exploring disorder correlations in superconducting systems: spectroscopic insights and matrix element effects

• Vyacheslav D. Neverov,
• Alexander E. Lukyanov,
• Andrey V. Krasavin,
• Alexei Vagov,
• Boris G. Lvov and
• Mihail D. Croitoru

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 199–206, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.19

• for manipulating the properties of superconducting materials [1][2][3][4]. Interest in the interplay between superconductivity and disorder has recently increased greatly due to new findings both in theory and in experiment [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. Previous investigations primarily centered on

Graphene removal by water-assisted focused electron-beam-induced etching – unveiling the dose and dwell time impact on the etch profile and topographical changes in SiO₂ substrates

• Aleksandra Szkudlarek,
• Jan M. Michalik,
• Inés Serrano-Esparza,
• Zdeněk Nováček,
• Veronika Novotná,
• Piotr Ozga,
• Czesław Kapusta and
• José María De Teresa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 190–198, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.18

• al. [13]. A direct graphene etching was proposed using a thin ice layer on top of the graphene surface. Upon interaction with electrons, the ice is dissociated into the reactive ions H+ or OH−, which subsequently interact with carbon atoms and form volatile species [14]. This method is modified based

• current of 4 nA and a beam energy of 5 kV using the selected values of the dwell times (1 μs, 10 μs, 100 μs) and doses (400 nC/μm2, 200 nC/μm2, 100 nC/μm2), the pitch point value corresponded to 13 nm. Figure 1 presents the obtained results using several techniques for morphological and topographical

Nanocarrier systems loaded with IR780, iron oxide nanoparticles and chlorambucil for cancer theragnostics

• Phuong-Thao Dang-Luong,
• Hong-Phuc Nguyen,
• Loc Le-Tuan,
• Xuan-Thang Cao,
• Vy Tran-Anh and
• Hieu Vu Quang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 180–189, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.17

• variety of fields. However, SPIONs typically serve as the core of nanoparticles, while the outer shell is composed of stabilization coating materials such as chitosan, mannan, poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), Pluronic™ F-127, or PLGA [7][12][13]. SPIONs stabilized with PLGA have attracted interest due to

• oxide NPs were synthesized using a modified coprecipitation method [13]. Firstly, 10 mmol of FeSO4·7H2O and 5 mmol of FeCl3·6H2O were dissolved in 50 mL of deionized water in a N2 atmosphere. Then, 1 M of NaOH was carefully added into the solution while swirling until the pH reached 14. Next, 1 mL of

• oleic acid was added to the solution and heated to 70 °C for 30 min. The synthesized IO NPs were washed three times with 50 mL of DCM and stored at −80 °C for further experiments. Synthesis of folate-F127 The synthesis was done as previously described [13]. The Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy

Modification of graphene oxide and its effect on properties of natural rubber/graphene oxide nanocomposites

• Nghiem Thi Thuong,
• Le Dinh Quang,
• Vu Quoc Cuong,
• Cao Hong Ha,
• Nguyen Ba Lam and
• Seiichi Kawahara

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 168–179, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.16

• significant impacts on improving the mechanical properties of NR. Numerous studies have utilized suitable monomers to graft onto NR via radical routes. For instance, graft copolymerization of styrene [11][12], methyl methacrylate [13][14], and hydroxyethyl methacrylate [15][16] onto NR enhances the green

Ferromagnetic resonance spectra of linear magnetosome chains

• Elizaveta M. Gubanova and
• Nikolai A. Usov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 157–167, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.15

• magnetosomes are frequently found in weakly magnetized fossil rocks and bottom sediments, the study of which provides valuable information about the geological and biological past of the Earth [3][4][12][13]. Magnetosome assemblies are very promising also for application in biomedicine [3][5]. The properties

CdSe/ZnS quantum dots as a booster in the active layer of distributed ternary organic photovoltaics

• Gabriela Lewińska,
• Piotr Jeleń,
• Zofia Kucia,
• Maciej Sitarz,
• Łukasz Walczak,
• Bartłomiej Szafraniak,
• Jerzy Sanetra and
• Konstanty W. Marszalek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 144–156, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.14

• are used in opto- and nanoelectronics. QDs establish a class of materials transitional between subatomic and mass types of matter. The classification of QDs according to the core material is divided into cadmium [7][8], silver [9][10], indium [9], carbon [11][12], and silicon [13][14]. Numerous

Enhanced feedback performance in off-resonance AFM modes through pulse train sampling

• Mustafa Kangül,
• Navid Asmari,
• Santiago H. Andany,
• Marcos Penedo and
• Georg E. Fantner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 134–143, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.13

• , the acquired force-versus-distance curves enable extracting physical properties of the sample in real time [8][9][10]. For these reasons, derivations of pulse force modes have grabbed the interest of AFM users whose research areas are focused on soft biological samples [11][12][13][14][15][16] or

In situ optical sub-wavelength thickness control of porous anodic aluminum oxide

• Aleksandrs Dutovs,
• Raimonds Popļausks,
• Oskars Putāns,
• Vladislavs Perkanuks,
• Aušrinė Jurkevičiūtė,
• Tomas Tamulevičius,
• Uldis Malinovskis,
• Iryna Olyshevets,
• Donats Erts and
• Juris Prikulis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 126–133, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.12

• of templates, including evaporation masks [8][9][10], molds for nanowire array production using the supercritical fluid method [11], electrochemical deposition [12], atomic layer deposition [13], or traps for colloidal nanoparticle assembly [14]. Several applications, for example, color filtering [15

• zinc oxide nanorods embedded within the PAAO template [13]. Recently, it was demonstrated that the PAAO thickness tuning can increase the signal intensity and refractometric sensitivity of localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) sensors constructed using gold nanoparticles, which are deposited on

• the reflectance spectra to a multilayer model of a water–PAAO–aluminum system using the transfer-matrix method (TMM) [22]. Previously, TMM has been employed only for post-production thickness analysis of PAAO-based stratified systems [13][23]. In the present study, it allowed for continuous in situ

Assessing phytotoxicity and tolerance levels of ZnO nanoparticles on Raphanus sativus: implications for widespread adoptions

• Pathirannahalage Sahan Samuditha,
• Nadeesh Madusanka Adassooriya and
• Nazeera Salim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 115–125, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.11

• a promising strategy to enhance soil fertility and crop productivity, and as a protective agent against phytopathogens [13][14]. On the other hand, even though ZnO NPs are employed in agriculture to maintain sustainability and increase the effectiveness of agricultural activities, the potential

• Fusarium wilt in Solanum melongena L. while enhancing its carbohydrates and chlorophyll contents [13]. In contrast, a significant reduction of chlorophyll fluorescence of Hordeum sativum (barley) treated with 2000 mg/L of ZnO NPs compared to 300 mg/L of ZnO NPs has also been reported [41]. These pieces of

Development and characterization of potential larvicidal nanoemulsions against Aedes aegypti

• Jonatas L. Duarte,
• Leonardo Delello Di Filippo,
• Anna Eliza Maciel de Faria Mota Oliveira,
• Rafael Miguel Sábio,
• Gabriel Davi Marena,
• Tais Maria Bauab,
• Cristiane Duque,
• Vincent Corbel and
• Marlus Chorilli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 104–114, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.10

• constituents from oxidation, in addition to promoting better sensorial properties [13]. Moreover, the development of aqueous nanoemulsions would enable a better dispersion of vector control agents, inducing a controlled release and a possibly higher effectiveness in eliminating immature stages of mosquitoes

• containing cymene with HLB values of 10–13 showed a yellowish layer on the surface, which may be an indication of phase separation (Figure S1, Supporting Information File 1). Formulations with HLB values of 16 and 16.7 showed a milky appearance and slight creaming, which may be indicative of Ostwald

New application of bimetallic Ag/Pt nanoplates in a colorimetric biosensor for specific detection of E. coli in water

• Azam Bagheri Pebdeni,
• Mohammad N. AL-Baiati and
• Morteza Hosseini

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 95–103, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.9

• catalytic oxidation of TMB by H2O2 on a paper-based device. As a result, it is highly suitable for the generation of novel and portable biosensors [13]. The color shift produced by an enzyme-catalyzed substrate reaction is an appealing option for developing colorimetric-based biosensors to detect targets