Various CVD-grown ZnO nanostructures for nanodevices and interdisciplinary applications

• The-Long Phan,
• Le Viet Cuong,
• Vu Dinh Lam and
• Ngoc Toan Dang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1390–1399, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.112

• electronic/optoelectronic devices, energy storage/generation systems, and renewable energy conversion devices with high performance and low-power consumption [1][2][3]. In comparison to semiconductors, ZnO has attracted much more attention. This is due to ZnO having outstanding semiconductor behaviours in

• centre of a horizontal quartz tube furnace, see [37] for more detail. The furnace tube was also connected with a gas line and a rotary vacuum pump oil. Before the growth, air was sucked out of the tube by backfilling it with argon (Ar) gas, and then pumped out until the base pressure went to ≈2 × 10−3

A biomimetic approach towards a universal slippery liquid infused surface coating

• Ryan A. Faase,
• Madeleine H. Hummel,
• AnneMarie V. Hasbrook,
• Andrew P. Carpenter and
• Joe E. Baio

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1376–1389, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.111

• omniphobic. Keywords: biocompatibility; biomimetic; blood-contacting; hemocompatibility; non-fouling; Introduction Clot formation and the overall compatibility of artificial materials within the body remains a common complication of blood contacting surfaces [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. A critical hurdle in

• any foreign surface. Materials coated with SLIPS have demonstrated effectiveness in resisting corrosion, reducing bio-fouling, and preventing icing [1][2][3][6][8]. There is also evidence that SLIPS are a promising strategy for increasing the biocompatibility of materials [4][11]. SLIPS are generally

• methanol for 20 min [30]. All substrates were then dried under a stream of nitrogen and sealed until use. The cleaned substrates were then immersed in dopamine hydrochloride (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO) at a concentration of 2 mg/mL for 24 h in a 10 mM Trizma base (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO) solution

Green synthesis of carbon dot structures from Rheum Ribes and Schottky diode fabrication

• Muhammed Taha Durmus and
• Ebru Bozkurt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1369–1375, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.110

• range of uses in the fields of electrocatalysis, bioimaging, chemical sensors, biosensors, nanomedicine, biomolecule/drug release, light-emitting diodes, and photocatalysts. They also have promising applications in areas such as lasers and optoelectronic device applications [2][3][4][5]. CDs can be

• the structure of the coated CDs film (Figure 5); the CDs film thickness was determined as ca. 566 nm. In addition, a UV–vis absorption spectrum of the CDs layer was taken (Figure 6a), and the bandgap value of the layer was determined from the graph of hν versus (αhν)2 using the Tauc equation [23]. The

• written as: where Φb is the effective barrier height, A is the device area, and A* is the Richardson constant (112 A·cm−2·K−2 for n-type Si [26]). Φb can be obtained from Equation 3. The value of n is calculated from the slope of semi-logarithmic I–V plots and is given as The ideality factor and the value

Out-of-plane polarization induces a picosecond photoresponse in rhombohedral stacked bilayer WSe₂

• Guixian Liu,
• Yufan Wang,
• Zhoujuan Xu,
• Zhouxiaosong Zeng,
• Lanyu Huang,
• Cuihuan Ge and
• Xiao Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1362–1368, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.109

• depolarization fields, providing a promising platform for highly integrated devices [1][2][3]. The emergence of ferroelectricity at the atomic scale in vdW ferroelectrics has garnered significant interest because of its potential applications in various fields [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. Through

• , bilayer WSe2 can be divided into 3-rhombohedral (3R) and 2-hexagonal (2H) phases [24][26][38]. When two layers are stacked antiparallel, bilayer WSe2 exhibits a hexagonal stacked (H-stacked) structure with inversion symmetry. In contrast, artificially stacking two layers in parallel to form a rhombohedral

Investigation of Hf/Ti bilayers for the development of transition-edge sensor microcalorimeters

• Victoria Y. Safonova,
• Anna V. Gordeeva,
• Anton V. Blagodatkin,
• Dmitry A. Pimanov,
• Anton A. Yablokov and
• Andrey L. Pankratov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1353–1361, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.108

• , for example, for the detection of dark matter, as single-photon detectors (X-ray, visible, and infrared ranges) [1], and the detection of individual excimers [2]. One of the new applications is the detection of the recoil energy of 4He atoms evaporated from a superfluid condensate (helium II). This

• a TES prototype (A1–A4), (2) films deposited in the form of bridges with different width and length (B1), and (3) films covering the entire substrate (C1). Optical images of the four square bridges and one long bridge investigated in this paper are shown in Figure 1a and Figure 1b. All investigated

• . Finally, we performed a lift-off process using N-methylpyrrolidone followed by a rinse in isopropyl alcohol. The edges of the structures after the lift-off process appeared to be vertical well-defined walls without upward bends, as shown in the SEM image in Figure 2. A thin layer of titanium on top of

Hymenoptera and biomimetic surfaces: insights and innovations

• Vinicius Marques Lopez,
• Carlo Polidori and
• Rhainer Guillermo Ferreira

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1333–1352, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.107

• surfaces of insects are marvels of natural engineering, displaying a remarkable array of adaptations that enable them to thrive in diverse environments [1][2][3]. Insects have developed a variety of mechanisms to cope with the challenges posed by their habitats, from specialized structures for attachment

• , scientists and engineers can develop innovative materials and devices that mirror the efficiency and functionality of Hymenopteran anatomy. Here we describe the structural adaptations on the surfaces of the body of Hymenoptera (Figure 2) with potential biomimetic applications. By analyzing their unique

• families of microwasps are tiny, with adults measuring less than 2 mm, and their wings exhibit a distinctive morphology (Figure 5). For instance, in many microwasps (e.g., fairyflies (Mymaridae)), wings are predominantly composed of long bristles, with diameters ranging from 300 nm to 2.5 μm [111

Nanoarchitectonics with cetrimonium bromide on metal nanoparticles for linker-free detection of toxic metal ions and catalytic degradation of 4-nitrophenol

• Akash Kumar and
• Raja Gopal Rayavarapu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1312–1332, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.106

• maintain size, shape, and stability of the nanoparticles, and suitable capping agents can modulate the nanoarchitectonics of the nanoparticles from atomic to molecular levels [2]. The surface capping can also influence the surface properties of the nanoparticles, making them compatible with specific

• ascorbic acid. A typical synthesis involved the synthesis of CTAB-capped Au seeds of less than 4 nm. Addition to the growth solution in step 2 resulted in the formation of gold nanorods. The seeds were prepared using 200 µL of HAuCl4·3H2O (25 mM) with 2 mL of 0.1 M CTAB at 80 °C, followed by 800 µL freshly

• -AP) in the presence of NaBH4. All reactions were carried out at room temperature in a 3.5 mL quartz cuvette. The reagent for catalysis was added in a sequence of 2 mL of 4-nitrophenol (0.1 mM), 1 mL of NaBH4 (100 mM), and 50 µL (0.5 ± 0.1 OD and 1.0 ± 0.1 OD) of CTAB-AgNS, CTAB-AuNS, CTAB-AuNR1, and

Interaction of graphene oxide with tannic acid: computational modeling and toxicity mitigation in C. elegans

• Romana Petry,
• James M. de Almeida,
• Francine Côa,
• Felipe Crasto de Lima,
• Diego Stéfani T. Martinez and
• Adalberto Fazzio

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1297–1311, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.105

• ; toxicity mitigation; Introduction Graphene oxide (GO) has many potential applications in electronics, advanced materials, bio-medicine, energy, agriculture, and environmental technology [1][2][3]. It consists of a graphene sheet with surface oxygen functional groups such as epoxide, ketone, hydroxy

• . The MD simulations were performed with TA initially placed at five different sites of GO flakes, namely, the center and the four edges, with the closest atoms at at approximately 2 Å from the sheet. The four edges of the flake differ regarding the carbon configurations (i.e., zigzag or armchair) and

• ., positive values up to +2 eV) obtained from DFT calculations when dispersion corrections are not applied. The adsorption energy value is determined by the number and types of interactions involved, such as hydrogen bonds, as well as carbon–carbon and carbon–hydrogen interactions. Supporting Information File

Mn-doped ZnO nanopowders prepared by sol–gel and microwave-assisted sol–gel methods and their photocatalytic properties

• Cristina Maria Vlăduț,
• Crina Anastasescu,
• Silviu Preda,
• Oana Catalina Mocioiu,
• Simona Petrescu,
• Jeanina Pandele-Cusu,
• Dana Culita,
• Veronica Bratan,
• Ioan Balint and
• Maria Zaharescu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1283–1296, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.104

• nanostructured materials from liquid, solid, and gaseous precursors [2]. Nonetheless, many of these methods are constrained by the necessity of high temperatures and pressures, lengthy reaction times, and toxic reagents [3][4]. Although physical methods offer high reproducibility, chemical methods are often

• Figure 2 and Figure 3. For the SG samples (Figure 2), the TG curve indicates a weight loss of approx. 69% up to 500 °C, while the DTA curve presents four effects, that is, an endothermic effect at 137 °C and three exothermic effects at 313, 403, and 904 °C. For the MW sample (Figure 3) the TG curve

• lines for the MW sample. This difference in intensities, as it can be noticed in Figure 6b, can be attributed to the microwave irradiation of the sol–gel solution (sample MW) [47]. Table 2 presents the lattice parameters, average crystallite sizes, and lattice strains. The average crystallite sizes and

New design of operational MEMS bridges for measurements of properties of FEBID-based nanostructures

• Bartosz Pruchnik,
• Krzysztof Kwoka,
• Ewelina Gacka,
• Dominik Badura,
• Piotr Kunicki,
• Andrzej Sierakowski,
• Paweł Janus,
• Tomasz Piasecki and
• Teodor Gotszalk

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1273–1282, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.103

• nanostructure. Keywords: FEBID; MEMS; MEMS bridge; nanowires; opMEMS; Introduction Nanoelectronics is the fastest developing branch of modern electronic technology. Reduced dimensions allow for lower power consumption of the circuit and higher operating speeds [1][2]. Even more advantages (e.g., developed

• (Si3N4) layer was deposited via CVD. The 40 nm thick platinum paths were then patterned by lift-off photolithography. The opMEMS bridge body was defined photolithographically with a feature size of 2 µm, etched by dry oxygen plasma etching (DRIE) and then released by KOH anisotropic wet silicon etching

• and electron columns forms a dual-beam system, which is an efficient tool for nanoprototyping [44]; hence, LiS experiments were performed using a Helios NanoLab 600i dual-beam system from FEI (Hillsboro, Oregon). SEM offers a theoretical imaging resolution better than 2 nm. Accordingly, SEM allows not

Functional morphology of cleaning devices in the damselfly Ischnura elegans (Odonata, Coenagrionidae)

• Silvana Piersanti,
• Gianandrea Salerno,
• Wencke Krings,
• Stanislav Gorb and
• Manuela Rebora

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1260–1272, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.102

• , from vertebrates to arthropods, with early evolutionary origins (reviews in [1][2]). Despite the distant evolutionary relationship between vertebrates and insects, their grooming behaviors serve multiple and similar purposes, such as body cleaning and disease prevention, distribution of substances

• Ischnura elegans males and females were collected in the field at Centro Ittiogenico del Trasimeno - Sant’Arcangelo (Perugia, Umbria region, Italy), in spring and summer 2023–2024. They were maintained for 2–3 days in a controlled climate chamber (14:10 light–dark rhythm, at a temperature of 25 ± 1 °C and

• applied to the foretibial grooming structures. We interpreted the final images and described the material properties of the cuticle as follows: (1) Red areas are likely well-sclerotized, (2) green-to-yellow areas are less sclerotized in comparison to red ones and mechanically stable, but relatively

The role of a tantalum interlayer in enhancing the properties of Fe₃O₄ thin films

• Hai Dang Ngo,
• Vo Doan Thanh Truong,
• Van Qui Le,
• Hoai Phuong Pham and
• Thi Kim Hang Pham

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1253–1259, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.101

• promising applications. High-quality Fe3O4 thin films are a must to achieve the goals. In this report, Fe3O4 films on different substrates (SiO2/Si(100), MgO(100), and MgO/Ta/SiO2/Si(100)) were fabricated at room temperature with radio-frequency (RF) sputtering and annealed at 450 °C for 2 h. The

• K [1], as well as its high spin polarization with only one spin at the Fermi level, even at room temperature [2][3][4][5][6]. Fe3O4 thin films are an issue of interest and have extensive applications in Li-ion batteries, spin Seebeck devices, supercapacitors, spin Hall magnetoresistance, and the

• substrates (referred to as samples 1, 2, and 3, recpectively). Topography images, with dimensions of 1 × 1 μm2, are shown in Figure 1. They show spherical particles with rather consistent grain sizes. In particular, samples 1 and 2 present grain size values of 7.6 ± 0.5 nm and 9.9 ± 0.6 nm, respectively

Dual-functionalized architecture enables stable and tumor cell-specific SiO₂NPs in complex biological fluids

• Iris Renata Sousa Ribeiro,
• Raquel Frenedoso da Silva,
• Romênia Ramos Domingues,
• Adriana Franco Paes Leme and
• Mateus Borba Cardoso

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1238–1252, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.100

• [1][2][3][4]. Consequently, the scientific community has focused on improving the targeting of nanoparticles (NPs) to tumor cells through surface functionalization with active groups (e.g., folate, monoclonal antibodies) [5][6][7]. However, according to the literature, only 0.7% of the injected dose

• concentration of 10%. In this case, as the concentration of plasma in the blood is 55% [32][33], the plasma must be diluted to 5.5% to carry out the experiments. Analyses were performed in triplicate at 37 °C, with incubation times of 0, 1, 2, 3, and 24 h. The NP concentration used was 0.5 mg·mL–1. Protein

• corona formation in cell culture medium and human plasma To verify the adsorption of proteins on the functionalized SiO2NPs, sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) experiment was performed. For this, the nanomaterials (in concentrations of 2 to 5 mg·mL–1) were incubated in

Enhanced catalytic reduction through in situ synthesized gold nanoparticles embedded in glucosamine/alginate nanocomposites

• Chi-Hien Dang,
• Le-Kim-Thuy Nguyen,
• Minh-Trong Tran,
• Van-Dung Le,
• Nguyen Minh Ty,
• T. Ngoc Han Pham,
• Hieu Vu-Quang,
• Tran Thi Kim Chi,
• Tran Thi Huong Giang,
• Nguyen Thi Thanh Tu and
• Thanh-Danh Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1227–1237, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.99

• AuNPs exhibited uniform size with an average diameter of 10.0 nm. The nanocomposites facilitated the recyclable reduction of organic dyes, including 2-nitrophenol, 4-nitrophenol, and methyl orange, employing NaBH4 as the reducing agent. Kinetic studies further underscored the potential of this

• physicochemical properties and diverse potential chemical applications [1][2][3]. The conventional synthesis of AuNPs typically involves the chemical reduction of Au3+ ions using various reducing agents and stabilizers [4][5]. However, many of these chemicals are highly reactive, posing risks to both the

• Materials The study utilized reagents and chemicals without additional purification. Glucosamine, gold(III) chloride, calcium acetate hydrate, sodium alginate, sodium tetrahydroborate, 2-nitrophenol, 4-nitrophenol, and methyl orange were procured from Acros Scientific (Belgium). Distilled water was used

Realizing active targeting in cancer nanomedicine with ultrasmall nanoparticles

• André F. Lima,
• Giselle Z. Justo and
• Alioscka A. Sousa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1208–1226, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.98

• . Keywords: active targeting; cancer; nanoclusters; renal clearance; ultrasmall nanoparticles; Review 1 Introduction Nanotechnology has opened new avenues for tackling unmet challenges in medicine [1][2][3]. In the field of oncology, a notable application involves the use of engineered nanoparticles (NPs

• modalities of actively targeted usNPs and their current applications in cancer diagnosis and treatment. 2 Inorganic ultrasmall NPs in cancer nanomedicine Important classes of inorganic usNPs under investigation for cancer nanomedicine include metallic usNPs (gold, silver), oxide and sulfide usNPs (silica

• [78], and, potentially, modulating ultraweak nonspecific interactions with proteins [79]. For instance, Zheng and colleagues showed that AuNCs can be designed to demonstrate passive tumor targeting behavior comparable to that of larger NPs. GSH-coated AuNCs reached passive tumor uptake levels of 2–3

A low-kiloelectronvolt focused ion beam strategy for processing low-thermal-conductance materials with nanoampere currents

• Annalena Wolff,
• Nico Klingner,
• William Thompson,
• Yinghong Zhou,
• Jinying Lin and
• Yin Xiao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1197–1207, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.97

• cross sections and TEM lamellae of biological samples as well as of other thermally low conductive materials such as polymers [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. The easily induced heat damage is increasingly being reported [3][6][14][15][16][17]. Despite the importance of this topic, there is

• 160 ps, just before the arrival of the next ion in a 1 nA beam, the central region below the impact point of that ion, has cooled down to 80 °C. Figure 2 shows the contour plots of the mid-plane collagen sample temperature at t = 160 ps for a 5 keV ion. The ion cascade cumulative and adjacent heating

• temperature of ΔTskin = 7.5 K. The model predicts that much less heat damage will occur when using 5 keV energy ions despite using nanoampere range currents. This is in good agreement with the numerical modelling results and COMSOL simulations. Table 2 below shows the calculated results for 5 keV ions for

Synthesis, characterization and anticancer effect of doxorubicin-loaded dual stimuli-responsive smart nanopolymers

• Ömür Acet,
• Pavel Kirsanov,
• Burcu Önal Acet,
• Inessa Halets-Bui,
• Dzmitry Shcharbin,
• Şeyda Ceylan Cömert and
• Mehmet Odabaşı

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1189–1196, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.96

• ; temperature- and pH-sensitive nanopolymer; Introduction Almost one in six deaths worldwide is from cancer, and cancer caused approximately 10 million deaths in 2020. Today, nanotechnology is emerging as an effective way to enable rapid diagnosis and treatment of cancer diseases [1][2][3]. The chemotherapy

• the HeLa cancer cell line (CCL-2 ATCC). Cells were grown in full DMEM with stable glutamine, 4.5 g/L glucose (Life Technologies, Paisley, U.K.), 10% FBS (Life Technologies, Paisley, U.K.), 100 U/mL penicillin, and 0.1 mg/mL streptomycin (Millipore-Sigma, Burlington, MA, United States) at 37 °C in a

• polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), 57.7 mg sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), and 46.9 mg NaHCO3 in 20 mL of water (solution A in Figure 1). For solution B, 0.2 g PVA and 0.2 g SDS were dissolved in 400 mL of water. The organic phase (solution C) was obtained by mixing and dissolving (30 min in a beaker) 0.8 mL 2

AI-assisted models to predict chemotherapy drugs modified with C₆₀ fullerene derivatives

• Jonathan-Siu-Loong Robles-Hernández,
• Dora Iliana Medina,
• Katerin Aguirre-Hurtado,
• Marlene Bosquez,
• Roberto Salcedo and
• Alan Miralrio

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1170–1188, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.95

• diagnosed cancer in women and the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality in women [1][2]. Heritage is the most critical risk factor, and 15 to 20% of breast cancer is familiar [3]. One of the characteristics of breast cancer is that it can be wholly cured given an early diagnosis [4]. The

• treatments for breast cancer, with different drug targets depending on the type of cancer. Progesterone- or estrogen-receptor-positive tumors are related to cancers with low mortality [14]. Another common target in chemotherapy is human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). Only 15 to 20% of all tumors

• are HER2-positive, overexpressing Erb-B2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2 (ERBB2) in the cell membrane. HER2 tumors are usually more aggressive than other ones, but the advantage is that their treatment is very effective [15]. Another chemotherapy target is the chemokine C-X-C motif receptor 7 (CXCR7) [16

Quantum-to-classical modeling of monolayer Ge₂Se₂ and its application in photovoltaic devices

• Anup Shrivastava,
• Shivani Saini,
• Dolly Kumari,
• Sanjai Singh and
• Jost Adam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1153–1169, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.94

• promising and expedient because it has the potential to address the current energy demand without making a hazardous impact on the environment [1][2]. Henceforth, researchers have made continuous efforts to design efficient and robust PV devices and solar cells. The systematic study of various solar cells

• by separating it into two subsections, namely (a) material simulation using DFT and (b) device simulation using a macroscopic approach, which will be discussed in section Computational Methods. Structural and stability analysis The schematic atomistic model for monolayer Ge2Se2 is shown in Figure 2

• each Ge and Se). More precisely, we can observe two sub-layers corresponding to a crystallogen (Ge) and a chalcogen (Se), which are designate as top and bottom moieties. From Figure 2, we can also notice that the structure of monolayer Ge2Se2 is identical to the puckered phosphorene (simple

Introducing third-generation periodic table descriptors for nano-qRASTR modeling of zebrafish toxicity of metal oxide nanoparticles

• Supratik Kar and
• Siyun Yang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1142–1152, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.93

• range of substances that can be categorized as carbon-based, metal oxides, semiconductors, polymers, clays, emulsions, or metals [2]. Metal oxide nanoparticles (MONPs) are metallic oxides that exist within the nanoscale range and can be intentionally created or occur naturally [3]. Under the rapid

• also checked through the “Prediction Reliability Tool” that employs the AD to our external prediction that is evaluated by three criteria: (1) The mean absolute error is calculated for leave-one-out predictions using the ten most similar training compounds for each query molecule. (2) The

• . nano-qRASTR toxicity model To improve the statistical quality of the nano-QSTR models, we have employed read-across descriptors employing modeled descriptors. Later, all descriptors are merged together and employed for modeling using the BSS-MLR approach. Equation 2 presents the developed nano-qRASTR

Photocatalytic methane oxidation over a TiO₂/SiNWs p–n junction catalyst at room temperature

• Qui Thanh Hoai Ta,
• Luan Minh Nguyen,
• Ngoc Hoi Nguyen,
• Phan Khanh Thinh Nguyen and
• Dai Hai Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1132–1141, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.92

• industrial chemicals and energy. However, CH4 is a major precursor for tropospheric ozone, causing severe air pollution. Because of its rising atmospheric concentration, CH4 poses a global warming potential approximately thirty fold larger than that of carbon dioxide (CO2) [1][2][3]. Therefore, it is a

• morphology of SiNWs is characterized by individual nanowires that bunch together in a highly ordered manner, resulting in well-oriented Si NW arrays perpendicular to the Si bulk surface. Figure 2 shows cross-sectional- and top-view SEM images of the as-prepared TiO2/SiNWs sample. The TiO2/SiNWs arrays were

• provided from Sigma-Aldrich. Deionized (DI) water was used for cleaning steps. Si NWs and TiO2/Si NWs preparation First, a small piece (1 × 2 cm2) was cut from a commercial p-type Si wafer and washed several times using DI water, ethanol, and acetone in a sonication bath. Etching solution containing AgNO3

Local work function on graphene nanoribbons

• Daniel Rothhardt,
• Amina Kimouche,
• Tillmann Klamroth and
• Regina Hoffmann-Vogel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1125–1131, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.91

• with respect to the Dirac point, the center of the Dirac cones [2]. The location of the Fermi level is a measure of the work function with respect to a different energy reference, the vacuum energy. This position can be tuned by gating [3] or by doping, for example, n-doping for graphene on SiC [4][5

• ] and p-doping by Bi, Sb, and Au substrates [2]. Confining graphene to nanostructures [6][7], for example, to graphene nanoribbons (GNRs), that is, few nanometers wide stripes of graphene, opens additional possibilities of tuning the electronic properties by creating quantum-confined states [8] and

• -dependent measurements. Experimental The experiments were conducted in an Omicron VT-SFM system (base pressure 2 × 10−10 mbar). The Au(111) single crystal substrate (Mateck GmbH) was cleaned by repeated Ar ion sputtering–annealing cycles. The cleanliness of the samples was checked by SFM measurements. Then

Direct electron beam writing of silver using a β-diketonate precursor: first insights

• Katja Höflich,
• Krzysztof Maćkosz,
• Chinmai S. Jureddy,
• Aleksei Tsarapkin and
• Ivo Utke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1117–1124, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.90

• . Keywords: focused electron beam-induced deposition; precursor; silver nanostructures; Introduction Direct writing with an electron beam allows for single-step and maskfree 3D printing of sophisticated nanostructures at the nanoscale [1][2][3][4]. The process relies on the electron beam-induced

• (Strem Chemicals, CAS 148630-66-4), with a stoichiometry of Ag/P/F/O/C = 1:1:6:2:8 was evaporated using a fully integrated custom-built gas injection system (GIS) consisting of chemically inert steel [28]. No injection needles were used. The components of the GIS that were in direct contact with the

• for experiments to roughly 2 h since the evaporated precursor would start to crystallize at the crucible cap. Heating of the sample was realized with a Kleindiek MHS (Micro Heating Stage), which allowed us to keep the substrate temperature constant at 60 °C throughout the whole experiment. The

Recent updates in applications of nanomedicine for the treatment of hepatic fibrosis

• Damai Ria Setyawati,
• Fransiska Christydira Sekaringtyas,
• Riyona Desvy Pratiwi,
• A’liyatur Rosyidah,
• Rohimmahtunnissa Azhar,
• Nunik Gustini,
• Gita Syahputra,
• Idah Rosidah,
• Etik Mardliyati,
• Tarwadi and
• Sjaikhurrizal El Muttaqien

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1105–1116, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.89

• application of nanoscale systems with unique physicochemical properties, including small size, large specific surface area, high reactivity, and quantum effects of the nanoparticles (NPs) [1][2]. Nanomedicine is specifically designated for therapeutics (drug delivery), diagnostics, and imaging, as well as for

• effects of TiO2 NPs, with diameters around 20 and 200 nm, and SiO2 NPs on proliferation, fibrosis, adhesion, and migration of LX-2 cells as a model of HSC activation were studied. The results show that the internalization of both TiO2 NPs and SiO2 NPs suppressed classical outcomes of cellular fibrosis

Unveiling the potential of alginate-based nanomaterials in sensing technology and smart delivery applications

• Shakhzodjon Uzokboev,
• Khojimukhammad Akhmadbekov,
• Ra’no Nuritdinova,
• Salah M. Tawfik and
• Yong-Ill Lee

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1077–1104, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.88

• environment, and industry [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. When employing these technical devices, users can chose user-friendly, cost-effective, sensitive, and error-free detecting instruments [8]. The field of biosensors has received a lot of interest over the last years because of their amazing capacity for early

• -based composite nanoparticles, which provides a comprehensive overview of nanoparticles and their uses, especially in sensing applications (Figure 2). Moreover, characterization techniques of biopolymeric nanoparticles and their importance for drug delivery and sensing methods will be reviewed. In

• several hours for results. The development of compact and portable miniaturized sensors has enabled the detection of different biomarkers for continuous, real-time human health monitoring [1][2]. Temperature, heart rate, electrical conductivity, dehydration, and glucose are some of the indicators that