Fluorescent bioinspired albumin/polydopamine nanoparticles and their interactions with Escherichia coli cells

• Eloïse Equy,
• Jordana Hirtzel,
• Sophie Hellé,
• Béatrice Heurtault,
• Eric Mathieu,
• Morgane Rabineau,
• Vincent Ball and
• Lydie Ploux

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1208–1224, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.100

• -oxidized NPs, which are not fluorescent at all [35]. FITC- and RhBITC-BSA/PDA NPs exhibited absorption maxima at 500 and 560 nm, respectively, shifted by 8 nm compared with free FITC and RhBITC (absorption maxima at 492 and 552 nm, respectively) (Figure 4c,d and Supporting Information File 1, Figure S5

• at 488 and 550 nm, respectively (Figure 4c,d and Supporting Information File 1, Figure S5). Unfortunately, because PDA absorbs a significant part of the light emitted by the fluorophores, the intensity cannot be related to the number of FITC- and RhBITC-labelled NPs. However, the absorption

• and high-resolution microscopes, respectively) (Figure 5a, Supporting Information File 1, Figure S7). These emission ranges are in agreement with the fluorescence characteristics of FITC-BSA/PDA NPs and RhBITC-BSA/PDA NPs (Figure 4c,d) and can, thus, be attributed to FITC or RhBITC. Hence, FITC alone

A combined gas-phase dissociative ionization, dissociative electron attachment and deposition study on the potential FEBID precursor [Au(CH₃)₂Cl]₂

• Elif Bilgilisoy,
• Ali Kamali,
• Thomas Xaver Gentner,
• Gerd Ballmann,
• Sjoerd Harder,
• Hans-Peter Steinrück,
• Hubertus Marbach and
• Oddur Ingólfsson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1178–1199, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.98

• deposits. For comparison, the lattice spacings (d-spacings) of 2.30, 2.07, 1.42, 1.23, and 1.17 Å [41], corresponding to the (111), (200), (220), (133), and (222) growth planes, respectively, of the FCC lattice of crystalline gold is also shown in Figure 2d. FEBID on SiO2 (500 nm)/Si(111) at different beam

Spatial variations of conductivity of self-assembled monolayers of dodecanethiol on Au/mica and Au/Si substrates

• Julian Skolaut,
• Jędrzej Tepper,
• Federica Galli,
• Wulf Wulfhekel and
• Jan M. van Ruitenbeek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1169–1177, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.97

• in current in the lower part of the image can be attributed to a tip change. (c, d) The same data for a Au/Si substrate. The topography shows more substructures, which is reflected in more extreme current values in the current map (Fsetpoint = 50 nN, Ubias = 100 mV, RMN probe). (a, b) Topography and

• current map, respectively, for a DDT SAM on Au/mica, obtained simultaneously on the same area. The current map reveals additional features of the substrate such as shallow terraces and etch pits. The closeup in (d) shows that the etch pit size matches the expected value of a few nanometers. (c) 3D view of

Hierarchically patterned polyurethane microgrooves featuring nanopillars or nanoholes for neurite elongation and alignment

• Lester Uy Vinzons,
• Guo-Chung Dong and
• Shu-Ping Lin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1157–1168, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.96

• .) (B) Replication of nanostructures on PU. (C–E) Scanning electron micrographs (SEM) of PU flat (C), nanopillar (D), and nanohole (E) substrates, with corresponding high-magnification images (insets). (Yellow arrowheads in (D) indicate smaller nanopillars. See further discussion in the text.) (F–H

• -subtracted images, please refer to Supporting Information File 1, Figure S7.) (D–F) Quantification of different PC12 neurite parameters: (D) total neurite length per cell, (E) relative frequency histogram of neurite branch length, and (F) total neurite length of branches greater than or equal to 20 µm per

• microgroove (C), pillar–groove (D), and hole–groove (E) substrates, with corresponding high-magnification images (insets). (F–H) Cross-sectional profile of the microgroove (F), pillar–groove (G), and hole–groove (H) PU surface from atomic force microscopy scans, showing the dimensions of the structures. (I, J

Curcumin-loaded albumin submicron particles with potential as a cancer therapy: an in vitro study

• Nittiya Suwannasom,
• Netsai Sriaksorn,
• Chutamas Thepmalee,
• Krissana Khoothiam,
• Ausanai Prapan,
• Hans Bäumler and
• Chonthida Thephinlap

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1127–1140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.93

• together with evasion from recognition by macrophages and the immune system because of the low binding of proteins on the particles’ surface [32]. Representative SEM images of HSA-MPs and CUR-HSA-MPs are displayed in Figure 2C,D. The results reveal that the submicron particles displayed a “hairy” surface

• and MCF-7 cells at the concentration range in this experiment (Figure 6B,D). This evidence indicates that the HSA-MPs carrier is non-toxic, even after prolonged exposure. As shown in Figure 6, free CUR and CUR-HSA-MP treatment substantially induced cell death in a dose- and time-dependent manner

• -MPs loaded with 0.6 mg of CUR in distilled water (0.6 mg/mL), and 1 mL of HSA-MPs (control with an equivalent concentration to CUR-HSA-MPs) in distilled water; (B) the particle size distribution of HSA-MPs (red line) and CUR-HSA-MPs (green line) determined by DLS; SEM images of (C) HSA-MPs and (D) CUR

A bifunctional superconducting cell as flux qubit and neuron

• Dmitrii S. Pashin,
• Pavel V. Pikunov,
• Marina V. Bastrakova,
• Andrey E. Schegolev,
• Nikolay V. Klenov and
• Igor I. Soloviev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1116–1126, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.92

• ; superconducting quantum interferometer; Introduction Superconducting interferometers are widely used both as flux qubits and as a part of the peripherals in various implementations of quantum computers [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. In particular, the D-Wave 2000Q quantum computer, released in 2017, operates

• inductances. We have considered two cases of external field influence to the system, namely (i) when the controlling field has symmetrical rise/fall fronts, DR = DF = D, and (ii) when it does not, DR ≠ DF. It is assumed that at the initial time, the system is initialised to the ground state, that is

• ,d correspond to regions where there is a non-zero probability of quantum-coherent Landau–Zener tunneling, and black areas correspond to the adiabatic control of the system. According to the expressions in Equation 12, the white dashed line in Figure 2c denotes the limit of the transition probability

Density functional theory study of Au-fcc/Ge and Au-hcp/Ge interfaces

• Olga Sikora,
• Małgorzata Sternik,
• Benedykt R. Jany,
• Franciszek Krok,
• Przemysław Piekarz and
• Andrzej M. Oleś

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1093–1105, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.90

• candidate for the observed nanostructure. However, a detailed analysis of the scattered intensity of atomic columns [23] suggests that the rows of Au atoms are located directly above the rows of Ge atoms. We therefore built variant D of the heterostructure, with 102 atoms (42 Ge and 60 Au), and the

• we cannot make a direct comparison of the total energies; however, the interface energy in variant D is higher by approximately 0.1 J/m2. It is still the second lowest value among the variants of the Au-fcc(011)/Ge(001) interface, and the difference with respect to the optimized variant C is

• relatively small. The slightly higher interface energy in variant D might arise from the distortions present in the Ge substrate visible in Figure 7a and the enlarged distance between the two phases. In the last part of this section, we discuss the possibility of lowering the interfacial energy of this

Dual-heterodyne Kelvin probe force microscopy

• Benjamin Grévin,
• Fatima Husainy,
• Dmitry Aldakov and
• Cyril Aumaître

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1068–1084, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.88

• sign on both sides of the D–A interface. In the context of this work, it is also worth recalling that KPFM investigations are carried out in an "open circuit voltage" configuration. In such a geometry, the surface photovoltage probed under continuous-wave illumination results from a balance between the

Spatial mapping of photovoltage and light-induced displacement of on-chip coupled piezo/photodiodes by Kelvin probe force microscopy under modulated illumination

• Zeinab Eftekhari,
• Nasim Rezaei,
• Hidde Stokkel,
• Jian-Yao Zheng,
• Andrea Cerreta,
• Ilka Hermes,
• Minh Nguyen,
• Guus Rijnders and
• Rebecca Saive

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1059–1067, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.87

• × 2.8) and (1.4 × 1.2) mm2 labeled as A, B, C, and D, respectively. In the process of fabrication, a 100 nm thick layer of LNO as the bottom electrode was first deposited, using pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique, on a single crystal silicon wafer. Then, an 850 nm lead barium zirconia titanate

• actuators of varying sizes, namely A, B, C, and D. Only one-quarter of the devices were mapped, considering their symmetry. The experiment focused on studying the size-dependent displacement of these devices. Simulations We used COMSOL Multiphysics for the finite element method (FEM) simulations of our

• . Figure 4a–d exhibits the spatial mappings of one-quarter of the voltage-driven piezoelectric actuators (device type-II) with different dimensions from large to small sizes, respectively. The backside etching of the silicon substrate is marked by the dashed line. The measured displacement for each point

Experimental investigation of usage of POE lubricants with Al₂O₃, graphene or CNT nanoparticles in a refrigeration compressor

• Kayhan Dağıdır and
• Kemal Bilen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1041–1058, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.86

• . Thus, the Raman spectroscopy of graphene nanoplatelets which yield optimal enhancement in required compressor electrical power are presented in Figure 15. Figure 15 shows that the graphene used in this study has characteristic G (1564 cm−1) and 2D (2680 cm−1) bands. A low intensity D band (1343 cm−1

• ) can also be seen. However, D/G < 1 indicates a multilayered graphene structure, which is also seen in the micrographs shown in Figure 4a and Figure 4b. The low intensity of the D band indicates low defect density [40]. The characteristic properties of graphene are directly related to the sp2

Recognition mechanisms of hemoglobin particles by monocytes – CD163 may just be one

• Jonathan-Gabriel Nimz,
• Pichayut Rerkshanandana,
• Chiraphat Kloypan,
• Ulrich Kalus,
• Saranya Chaiwaree,
• Axel Pruß,
• Radostina Georgieva,
• Yu Xiong and
• Hans Bäumler

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1028–1040, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.85

• content To determine the HbMPs’ hemoglobin content, the modified alkaline hematin-D method (AHD method) was used, as described in detail elsewhere [33][37]. Pronase solution (0.5 mg/mL) was added to the particle suspension and incubated at 45 °C for 30 min. The AHD reagent (25 mg/mL Triton™ X-100 in 0.1 M

A visible-light photodetector based on heterojunctions between CuO nanoparticles and ZnO nanorods

• Doan Nhat Giang,
• Nhat Minh Nguyen,
• Duc Anh Ngo,
• Thanh Trang Tran,
• Le Thai Duy,
• Cong Khanh Tran,
• Thi Thanh Van Tran,
• Phan Phuong Ha La and
• Vinh Quang Dang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1018–1027, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.84

• product of power and area, can be calculated by using Equation 1 [48]: The photoconductive gain (G) is the other important parameter of a photodetector; it can be determined via Equation 2 [49]: The detectivity (D) describes the ability of a photodetector to detect weak optical signals. D can be

• , the highest R value is 1.38 A·W−1 at 0.42 mW·cm−2. At the same time, the measured values of G and D are 4.33 and 2.58 × 1011 cm·Hz1/2·W−1 (Jones), respectively, which are acceptable. The durability of the photodetector based on CuO NPs/ZnO NRs was examined by periodically exposing the device to

• , respectively. The calculated parameters of the CuO NPs/ZnO NRs photodetector under different light wavelengths, which demonstrate the device performance, are plotted in Figure 6. We found that the values of G, R, D, and S decrease when the wavelength increases. The device is most sensitive to 395 nm

Exploring internal structures and properties of terpolymer fibers via real-space characterizations

• Michael R. Roenbeck and
• Kenneth E. Strawhecker

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1004–1017, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.83

• Technora® fibers and compared trace and retrace profiles (Figure 4). One example is highlighted in the red box (Figure 4a,c) that corresponds to the red shaded part of the profile measurements (Figure 4b,d). Additional examples of these observations in the profiles are highlighted in blue but not imposed

• through the red box in (a). The peak shaded in red corresponds to the prominent fibril highlighted in (a), while peaks shaded blue highlight repeated observations in other peaks. (c) Stiffness map over the same 1 μm × 1 μm region. (d) Stiffness trace and retrace profiles corresponding to the topography

• , shaded boxes highlight correlations between locally elevated topography domains and increases in transverse stiffness. Internal AFM maps of Kevlar® K29 vs Technora®. (a, b) Topography maps of Kevlar® and Technora®, respectively. (c, d) Corresponding transverse stiffness maps of Kevlar® and Technora

Nanoarchitectonics of photothermal materials to enhance the sensitivity of lateral flow assays

• Elangovan Sarathkumar,
• Rajasekharan S. Anjana and
• Ramapurath S. Jayasree

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 988–1003, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.82

• results again verified that smaller nanorods have better heat transfer characteristics than larger nanorods because of their high cross-sectional area [48] (Figure 5C,D). Though the application of photothermal nanomaterials is not explored much in LFAs, it is expected that enhanced plasmon resonance could

• biocompatibility. Via the d–d energy band transition of Cu2+ ions, CuS nanoparticles can transform light into heat. Therefore, NIR-absorbing CuS NPs are being actively explored as novel photothermal agents. Again, the architectonics of the material plays a major role in the photo conversion efficiency. Flower-like

• to CC BY 4.0.). Comparison of absorption spectra of different sizes Au-nanorods (C). Maximum temperature raising profile with respect to absorption cross-section of Au-nanorods (D). (Figure 5C and D was reproduced from [48] (© 2022 J.-P. Sun et al., published by Elsevier, distributed under the terms

Isolation of cubic Si₃P₄ in the form of nanocrystals

• Polina K. Nikiforova,
• Sergei S. Bubenov,
• Vadim B. Platonov,
• Andrey S. Kumskov,
• Nikolay N. Kononov,
• Tatyana A. Kuznetsova and
• Sergey G. Dorofeev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 971–979, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.80

• minor separation occurring on the surface of the NPs [22][23]. The temperature (670 °C) and duration t of the preliminary experiment were chosen through the estimation of the diffusion length l from bulk silicon diffusion constants [24] using the following equation: where D is the diffusion constant

• , the less noticeable (400), (331), (422) and (511) signals were observed). Amorphous material is present in the sample, which is most noticeable as a ca. 2 nm layer on the surface of the NPs (Figure 7a). Energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) elemental maps (Figure 7c,d) for Si Kα and P Kα do not show any

• , and for charge density at 240 Ry. IR spectra of Si NPs (a) upon etching and (b) before etching. XRD diffraction patterns of (a) Si, (b) SP900, (c) SP670, and (d) SP400. The asterisk denotes a peak from the copper admixture, as discussed in the main text. The vertical lines correspond to the

Low temperature atomic layer deposition of cobalt using dicobalt hexacarbonyl-1-heptyne as precursor

• Mathias Franz,
• Mahnaz Safian Jouzdani,
• Lysann Kaßner,
• Marcus Daniel,
• Frank Stahr and
• Stefan E. Schulz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 951–963, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.78

• growth trend of these CVD experiments at 150, 125, 100, and 90 °C. The films grow with linear rates. We assume a linear dependency of type d = r·(t − t0) with film thickness d, deposition rate r, deposition time t, and the inhibition time t0, that is, the time where no CVD-like growth may occur. At

• . Figure 7 shows the measured film thickness for a deposition process at 85 °C for subsets of 100 cycles. The corresponding ellipsometry raw data are shown in Supporting Information File 1, Figure S5. We assumed a linear approximation of type d = r·N + d0. This assumption comprises the film thickness d

Upscaling the urea method synthesis of CoAl layered double hydroxides

• Camilo Jaramillo-Hernández,
• Víctor Oestreicher,
• Martín Mizrahi and
• Gonzalo Abellán

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 927–938, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.76

• high-left and low-right shoulders around 492 and 450 nm. The shape and the position of these d–d electronic transition bands are assigned to the 4T1g→4T1g(P) and 4T1g→4A2g(F) transitions in octahedral divalent cobalt cations (CoII(Oh)) [31][51][52]. However, the sample x25M contains an extra band with

• for Co 2p (2p3/2 and 2p1/2) in the range of 810–770 eV. (D) UV–vis spectra pointing out the marked differences between the octahedral CoII(Oh) and tetrahedral environments CoII(Td) of cobalt for the scale-up samples. (A) Normalized XANES spectra at the Co K edge for the obtained samples. The grey line

• valuable help in discussing this work, C. Olivares-Martínez for his assistance with the experimental work, J. J. Munafo for his assistance with the graphical design, Dr. M. D. Jordán-Martín for her assistance with the XPS measurements, and Dr. G. Agustí and J. M. Martínez for the SQUID measurements

Ni, Co, Zn, and Cu metal-organic framework-based nanomaterials for electrochemical reduction of CO₂: A review

• Ha Huu Do and
• Hai Bang Truong

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 904–911, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.74

• performance of CO production (FECO = 78.8% at −0.85 V vs RHE), compared to its bulk counterpart with a value of 33.7% (Figure 2b). The optimal sample also showed a high turnover frequency (TOF) and outstanding stability after a testing period of 14 h (Figure 2c,d). The high catalytic activity can be ascribed

• catalyst for CO2RR. The author postulated that Co(II) is converted into Co(I), which acts as a redox center for the reduction of CO2 into CO (Figure 3c,d). Because of their poor conductivity, Co-MOFs are typically grown on conductive templates, such as fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO), carbon cloth, and

• an enhancement of CO2 reduction. As a result, this material exhibited a substantial FE of 68.4% for formate generation at a voltage of −1.55 V (Figure 5c,d). However, the performance decreased after 5 h of testing, attributed to a restructuring of the Cu-based MOF. In addition, methane and ethylene

Green SPIONs as a novel highly selective treatment for leishmaniasis: an in vitro study against Leishmania amazonensis intracellular amastigotes

• Brunno R. F. Verçoza,
• Robson R. Bernardo,
• Luiz Augusto S. de Oliveira and
• Juliany C. F. Rodrigues

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 893–903, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.73

• promastigotes (Figure 1A,B), the SPIONS are distributed throughout the cytosol. In contrast, in the intracellular amastigotes cultivated in macrophages, the SPIONs appear in the mammalian cytosol, inside the parasitophorous vacuole, and in the parasite cytosol (Figure 1C,D). After the first microscopic analysis

• (Figure 3C,D, arrowheads). SPIONs were also observed inside the macrophages close to the parasitophorous vacuole membrane (Figure 3D, large arrow), sometimes appearing inside membrane-bound structures and exhibiting different sizes (Figure 3E, arrowheads). Some alterations in amastigote ultrastructure can

• (*). Bright-field optical microscopy of L. amazonensis promastigotes (A, B) and intracellular amastigotes (C, D) treated with 100 µg/mL of SPIONs for 24 h, after staining with Prussian blue (A–D). (A) The arrows indicate the blue stain characteristic for the reaction with ferrous compounds in the promastigote

Two-dimensional molecular networks at the solid/liquid interface and the role of alkyl chains in their building blocks

• Suyi Liu,
• Yasuo Norikane and
• Yoshihiro Kikkawa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 872–892, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.72

• prepared at the HOPG/1-phenyloctane interface [71]. STM observations revealed the concentration dependence of the formation of 2D structures. At the highest concentration (5.0 × 10−3 M), two of the three alkyl chains attached to HOPG interacted via dispersion forces to form a zigzag structure (Figure 3a,d

• ) exhibited different 2D structures in which the core unit of PBTP was surrounded by branched alkyl chains (Figure 9c,d). When PBTP was substituted with eight butyl ester groups at the 3, 4, 9, and 10 carbon positions of the two perylene motifs (Scheme 7c), porous honeycomb networks were created (Figure 9e,f

• with three tetradecyloxy chains and three methoxy groups at alternating positions (DBA-OC14-OC1, Scheme 8) was more sensitive to concentration alterations and showed various 2D structures such as porous honeycomb (3 × 10−6 M, Figure 10a,b), parallelogram (6 × 10−5 M, Figure 10c,d), and hexagonal

N-Heterocyclic carbene-based gold etchants

• Robert B. Chevalier,
• Justin Pantano,
• Matthew K. Kiesewetter and
• Jason R. Dwyer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 865–871, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.71

• solvents and concentrations of 1 were (a) toluene (5.00 × 10−3 M), (b) DCM (3.60 × 10−2 M), (c) THF (5.00 × 10−3 M), and (d) THF (2.32 × 10−3 M). In (a–c), the concentrations were chosen to be close to the solubility limit of 1 in each solvent. Scanning electron micrographs of tokens after immersion in

• solution of 2 in (a) THF (3.25 × 10−2 M) and (b) DCM (3.74 × 10−2 M), 3 in (c) THF (1.95 × 10−3 M) and (d) DCM (7.80 × 10−3 M), and 4 in (e) THF (3.30 × 10−2 M) and (f) DCM (3.30 × 10−2 M). From left to right, immersion times were 30 min, 1 h, and 2 h. An EDS spectrum (not shown) indicates that chromium

Industrial perspectives for personalized microneedles

• Remmi Danae Baker-Sediako,
• Benjamin Richter,
• Matthias Blaicher,
• Michael Thiel and
• Martin Hermatschweiler

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 857–864, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.70

• , Dr. Anton D. Sediako at ZEISS, and F.D. Valyn and F.D. Begemot for their editorial support.

Biomimetics on the micro- and nanoscale – The 25th anniversary of the lotus effect

• Matthias Mail,
• Kerstin Koch,
• Thomas Speck,
• William M. Megill and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 850–856, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.69

• Matthias Mail Kerstin Koch Thomas Speck William M. Megill Stanislav N. Gorb Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany Faculty of Life Sciences, Rhine-Waal University of Applied Sciences, D

• -47533 Kleve, Germany Plant Biomechanics Group, Botanic Garden, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 1, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany FIT, Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, D-79110 Freiburg, Germany FMF, Freiburg Materials

• Research Center, Stefan-Meier-Strasse 21, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany Centre for Biomimetic and Natural Technologies, Faculty of Technology and Bionics, Rhine-Waal University of Applied Sciences, Marie-Curie-Str. 1, D-47533 Kleve, Germany Department of Functional Morphology and Biomechanics, Institute of

Ultralow-energy amorphization of contaminated silicon samples investigated by molecular dynamics

• Grégoire R. N. Defoort-Levkov,
• Alan Bahm and
• Patrick Philipp

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 834–849, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.68

• under argon irradiation for an incidence angle of 45° and for (a) 50 eV, (b) 100 eV, (c) 200 eV, (d) 300 eV, (e) 400 eV, and (f) 500 eV. The sample is oriented in the (110) direction for visualisation, yet the bombardments are made randomly with the velocity vector parallel to the (010) surface. There

• are four atom types in the images: The silicon particles are represented in yellow, argon in pink, oxygen in red, and hydrogen in white. Evolution of the amorphization coefficient as funciton of the energy for (a) 0°, (b) 30°, (c) 45°, (d) 60°, (e) 75°, and (f) 83°. The low values at a depth around 53

• total sample thickness. Evolution of the RDF for each slab at collisions under 30° and 75° incidence from crystalline to amorphous for (a–c) 30° and (d–f) 75°. In (a), the continuously straight line indicates a non-existing region, that is, the sample turned completely amorphous or semi-amorphous under

A wearable nanoscale heart sound sensor based on P(VDF-TrFE)/ZnO/GR and its application in cardiac disease detection

• Yi Luo,
• Jian Liu,
• Jiachang Zhang,
• Yu Xiao,
• Ying Wu and
• Zhidong Zhao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 819–833, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.67

• advancement in wearable electronic devices within the healthcare field, leading to several noteworthy breakthroughs. For instance, D. Wan et al. [11] presented a groundbreaking development in the form of a flexible wearable friction patch. This innovative patch consists of a dual-layer PDMS membrane infused

• of view, the selection of the K value is the focus of constructing a KNN heart sound classification model. In this paper, the Euclidean distance calculation formula shown in Equation 4 is selected, and the most appropriate K value is determined by cross-validation: where d represents the distance. xi

• P(VDF-TrFE) film, (b) enlarged part of (a), (c) SEM image of the P(VDF-TrFE)/ZnO film, (d) enlarged part of (c), (e) SEM image of the P(VDF-TrFE)/ZnO/GR film, and (f) enlarged part of (e). (a–c) Voltage distribution and (d–f) stress distribution in the piezoelectric film at sound pressures of (a, d