Nanoarchitectonics: bottom-up creation of functional materials and systems
A novel concept, nanoarchitectonics, has been recently proposed as a unified concept of nanotechnology and other scientific fields such as supramolecular chemistry to create functional materials and systems through a bottom-up process and nanotechnological knowledge. The core concept of nanoarchitectonics is based on the controlled arrangement of structural nanoscale units, such as atoms, molecules and assemblies, to create a new class of materials for modern and emerging technological applications. Especially, recent advances in making nanostructures with self-assembly processes and the construction of related nanostructures represent the most successful nanoarchitectonics.
Now is the right time to make a drastic paradigm shift from nanotechnology to nanoarchitectonics. This thematic issue covers new, technologically relevant, self-assembled nanoarchitectonics, which are chemically versatile and can assemble in solutions, at interfaces, or on surfaces into various, extended supramolecular structures. More complicated molecular organizations and a new class of materials consisting of organic/inorganic hybrid systems and bioconjugates of molecular assemblies may also be involved.
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- Review
- Published 31 May 2019
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Figure 1: Schematic representation of the crystal structures of the following clay minerals: kaolinite (A), m...
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Figure 2: TEM images of (A) ZnO NPs on montmorillonite with nanocrystal aggregation; reprinted with permissio...
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Figure 3: Synthesis of clay–semiconductor nanoarchitectures by the “organoclay colloidal route” involving eit...
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Figure 4: ZnO-Fe3O4@sepiolite nanoarchitecture prepared in two steps: First, the fiber clay is modified by as...
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Figure 5: (A) TEM image of the Pt–TiO2@sepiolite clay nanoarchitectures prepared by a photodeposition procedu...
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Figure 6: The structural arrangement of the [Ru(bpy)3]2+–TiO2@clay nanoarchitecture and its photocatalytic ac...
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- Full Research Paper
- Published 24 Jun 2019
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Figure 1: FE-SEM micrographs of the paper-based SERS substrates Ag-NP/cellulose-NF–A (a,b), B (c,d), C (e,f),...
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Figure 2: TEM image of Ag-NP/cellulose-NF–C (a), and HR-TEM image of an individual silver nanoparticle showin...
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Figure 3: X-ray diffraction patterns (a) and diffuse reflectance UV–vis spectra (b) of Ag-NP/cellulose-NF–A, ...
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Figure 4: SERS spectra of Rhodamine 6G (R6G) at different concentrations obtained by employing Ag-NP/cellulos...
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Figure 5: Electric field intensity distributions (indicated by the color bar) of the silver nanoparticles (di...
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Figure 6: SERS spectra of adenosine and thymidine (both 10 µM), and the surface mixture of adenosine and thym...
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- Full Research Paper
- Published 25 Jun 2019
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Figure 1: Schematic representation of the different components integrated in the bionanocomposite materials, ...
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Figure 2: Photographs of dispersions of 1 wt % of a multicomponent bionanocomposite (composition of sample Fi...
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Figure 3: Schematic representation of particle assembly in the multicomponent bionanocomposites: A) cross sec...
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Figure 4: Young’s moduli and electrical conductivity of HNTs/SEP/GNPs/MWCNTs/CHI films (A, C) and foams (B, D...
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Figure 5: A) Scheme of an EBC (left) and a biosensor (right) with the electrode microstructure and biocatalyt...
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- Full Research Paper
- Published 27 Jun 2019
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Figure 1: Fabrication process of carbon nitride nanotubes. (a) Synthetic route of polymeric carbon nitride na...
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Figure 2: Carbon nitride nanotube properties. (a) SEM images of AAO substrate, carbon nitride nanotubes grown...
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Figure 3: Conductance as a function of the salt concentration, indicating ion transportation controlled by su...
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Figure 4: (a) Scheme of the unilateral modification process and surface properties after modification. (b) Th...
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Figure 5: (a) Current–voltage curves before and after unilateral modification with AHPA. (b) Current–voltage ...
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- Full Research Paper
- Published 28 Jun 2019
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Figure 1: (a) Schematic representation of the fabrication process of Janus UCNP-modified polyelectrolyte caps...
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Figure 2: Images of the Janus UCNP capsule motors for different H2O2 concentrations: (a) 1%, (b) 3%, (c) 5% a...
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Figure 3: (a) Schematic illustration of the on–off luminescent detection of TNT by the Janus UCNP capsule mot...
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- Full Research Paper
- Published 24 Jul 2019
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Figure 1: Image of the MoS2-based composite paper showing its size and flexibility.
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Figure 2: SEM micrographs of (a,b) plane and (c,d) cross-section images of the composite paper at different m...
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Figure 3: Core-level X-ray photoelectron spectra of a) Mo 3d region, b) S 2p region, and c) C 1s region.
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Figure 4: Charging–discharging curves of MoS2-based composite paper obtained by chronoamperometry in 1M KCl s...
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Figure 5: Electrochemical analysis of the freestanding MoS2-based composite paper. (a) CV curves at a scan ra...
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Figure 6: Linear sweep voltammetry curves for the hydrogen evolution reaction measurements in 0.5 M H2SO4, 2 ...
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- Full Research Paper
- Published 05 Aug 2019
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Figure 1: Molecular structure of three nitrocinnamic amide-containing ʟ-glutamic amphiphiles and photographs ...
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Figure 2: SEM images of NCLG assemblies in EtOH: (a) 2NCLG, (b,d) 3NCLG, and (c) 4NCLG self-assembled structu...
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Figure 3: (a) UV–vis spectra of 2NCLG, 3NCLG, 4NCLG ethanol solutions and self-assembled molecules. (b) CD sp...
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Figure 4: (a) XRD patterns of the 2NCLG assembly (black), 3NCLG assembly (red) and 4NCLG assembly (blue). (b)...
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Figure 5: FTIR spectra of the 2NCLG assembly (black), 3NCLG assembly (red) and 4NCLG assembly (blue) obtained...
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Figure 6: Illustration on the self-assembly mechanism of NCLG isomers.
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Figure 7: SEM images of the 3NCLG assembly in (a,b) MeOH, (c) DMF, and (d) THF. The concentration is 12 mg/mL....
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Figure 8: FTIR spectra of the 3NCLG assembly in ethanol (black), in DMF (red) and in THF (blue).
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Scheme 1: Synthesis scheme of the target chiral compounds 2NCLG, 3NCLG and 4NCLG.
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Layered double hydroxide/sepiolite hybrid nanoarchitectures for the controlled release of herbicides
- Full Research Paper
- Published 09 Aug 2019
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Figure 1: Schematic representations of (A) sepiolite and (B) layered double hydroxide structures, (C) molecul...
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Figure 2: (A) XRD patterns and (B) FTIR spectra of individual components (sepiolite, LDH, and MCPA), MCPAie-L...
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Figure 3: FE-SEM images of (A) sepiolite, (B) LDH/Sep1:1_150C and (C) MCPAie-LDH/Sep1:1_150C nanoarchitecture...
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Figure 4: XRD patterns of hybrid nanoarchitectures prepared by coprecipitation of MgAl-LDH in the presence of...
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Figure 5: (A) FTIR (3800 to 3600 cm−1 region) and (B) 29Si MAS NMR spectra of neat sepiolite and hybrid nanoa...
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Figure 6: FE-SEM images of (A) MCPA-LDH/Sep2:1_150C, (B) MCPA-LDH/Sep1:1_150C, (C) MCPA-LDH/Sep0.5:1_60C, (D)...
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Figure 7: (A) In vitro release of MCPA from the hybrid formulations in deionized water (pH approx. 5.5), and ...
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Figure 8: (A) In vitro release of MCPA encapsulated in the A-Z@MCPA-LDH/Sep bionanocomposite system over a pe...
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- Full Research Paper
- Published 26 Aug 2019
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Figure 1: Reaction scheme of the CDP-catalyzed oligomerization and schematic illustrations of cellulose oligo...
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Figure 2: Photographs of the reaction mixtures with organic solvents after the CDP-catalyzed oligomerization ...
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Figure 3: The αG1P monomer conversion into insoluble products with organic solvents.
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Figure 4: CD spectra of CDP in 8 mM phosphate buffer solution containing 10 vol % MeCN or EtOH after incubati...
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Figure 5: 1H NMR spectra of the products with DMSO, DMF, and EtOH. The peaks with * are derived from the resi...
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Figure 6: MALDI–TOF mass spectra of the products with (a) DMSO at various concentrations and (b) various orga...
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Figure 7: XRD profiles of the products with organic solvents. Miller indices for cellulose II are shown above...
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Figure 8: ATR-FTIR absorption spectra of the products with organic solvents. The numbers above the peaks deno...
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Figure 9: SEM images of the xerogels prepared from the gels synthesized with (a,b) 10 vol % DMSO, (c,d) 20 vo...
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Figure 10: Schematic illustration of the proposed mechanism for dispersion stabilization of the nanosheet prec...
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- Letter
- Published 04 Sep 2019
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Figure 1: Production of silica/halloysite cell-mimicking imprints and recognition of human cells by the impri...
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Figure 2: (A) optical/fluorescence microscopy image of live HeLa cells coated with halloysite-doped silica sh...
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Figure 3: Optical microscopy images demonstrating the cultivation for 24 h of (A, B) substrate-attached intac...
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Figure 4: Atomic force microscopy (PeakForce Tapping mode) images of inorganic silica/halloysite imprints tem...
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- Full Research Paper
- Published 18 Sep 2019
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Scheme 1: Schematic of the formation of self-assembled C-WY hydrogels and their applications in electrochemic...
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Figure 1: CDP-based supramolecular hydrogels. (A) The structure of C-WY and a photo of the C-WY hydrogel. (B)...
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Figure 2: Interior structure and crystal pattern. (A) CLSM images of the C-WY hydrogel in light field. NR was...
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Figure 3: Rheological characterization and environmental tolerance. The self-healing capacity of the hydrogel...
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Figure 4: Characterization of hydrogels as supercapacitors. (A) Cyclic voltammograms at different scan rates....
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- Review
- Published 16 Oct 2019
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Figure 1: Outline of the nanoarchitectonics concept and its contributions to sensor design and fabrication.
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Figure 2: A water-gated bio-organic transistor with odorant binding proteins for the discrimination of chiral...
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Figure 3: Highly sensitive humidity sensor based on a triboelectric nanogenerator device where nanochannels i...
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Figure 4: An optode sensor to visually detect cesium ions in domestic water and seawater, comprised of a cali...
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Figure 5: An electrolyte-gated organic field-effect transistor with anti-bisphenol A antibody. The addition o...
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Figure 6: A field-effect transistor with a monolayer of pentathiophene-type organic semiconductor for melamin...
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Figure 7: Features of molecular recognition at interfacial media: (i) contacts of phases with different diele...
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Figure 8: Mode of molecular recognition and sensing: (A) one most stable state between guest and host; (B) sw...
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Figure 9: Mode of molecular recognition and sensing: (A) one most stable state between guest and host; (B) sw...
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- Full Research Paper
- Published 31 Oct 2019
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Figure 1: Schematic illustration of elastocapillary self-assembly of NWs induced by the surface tension betwe...
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Figure 2: Representative AFM images of sample SiNW1 (a) and sample SiNW2 (b). The probed areas have a size of...
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Figure 3: (a, b) Masks obtained by setting a threshold for the heights in the AFM images of SiNW1 and SiNW2 i...
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Figure 4: (a, b) Schematic of the differential box counting method applied to the AFM measurements. Each AFM ...
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Figure 5: Curves of the generalized dimension Dq as a function of q for different probed areas of samples SiN...
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Figure 6: Multifractal spectra of sampled areas of MACE SiNW1 (a) and SiNW2 (b). The black line is the first ...
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- Full Research Paper
- Published 31 Oct 2019
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Figure 1: a) Molecular structure of the dendrons investigated (CnX2n+1OEG8Den, X = F or H; n = 2 and 4); b) S...
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Figure 2: Hydrodynamic diameter distributions of IONPs grafted with dendrons: C2H5OEG8Den (38 ± 1 nm, black),...
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Figure 3: Adsorption kinetics of IONPs grafted with various dendrons measured at 25 °C: A) C2H5OEG8Den, B) C2F...
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Figure 4: a) Variation of the interfacial tension at equilibrium (σeq, 25 °C) as a function of the Fe concent...
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Figure 5: a) Variation of the inverse of the characteristic adsorption time (1/τ) of the IONPs grafted with d...
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Figure 6: Size distributions of DPPC and DPPC/dendronized IONP-shelled microbubbles stabilized with F-hexane ...
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Figure 7: Time evolution (25 °C) of the volume fraction of the DPPC microbubbles (dotted grey) and of the DPP...
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Figure 8: Schematic representation of dendronized IONPs a) incorporated within the MB DPPC shell and b) locat...
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Figure 9: AFM topography images (1 × 1 µm) and height profiles of a) IONP@C2F5OEG8Den and b) IONP@C2H5OEG8Den...
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Figure 10: a) AFM topography image (4 × 4 µm) of a DPPC film spin-coated from an ethanol solution (0.5 mM); b)...
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Figure 11: a) AFM topography image (4 × 4 µm) of the mixed spin-coated films composed of DPPC and IONP@C2F5OEG8...
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Scheme 1: Final steps of the synthesis of the dendrons C2F5OEG8Den and C4F9OEG8Den. a) TFA/CH2Cl2, then piper...
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- Full Research Paper
- Published 06 Nov 2019
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Figure 1: (A) Amperometric responses for a blank solution and PSA solutions at concentrations of: (a) 12.5, (...
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Figure 2: Peak current as a function of the PSA concentration fitted with a Langmuir–Freundlich equation (das...
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Figure 3: ELISA and INμ-SPCE results for PSA in control cell lysates (PNT-2) and prostate cancer cells (LNCap...
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Figure 4: Parallel coordinates plot for PSA concentrations from 12.5 to 1111 fg·mL−1 after the feature-select...
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Figure 5: IDMAP plot obtained from the data in Figure 1A for buffers containing different PSA concentrations and from Figure 3...
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Figure 6: Schematic illustration of the fabrication of sandwich-type electrochemical immunosensors (INμ-SPCEs...
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Figure 7: Electrode modification with 10 μg·mL−1 monoclonal antibody (Ab1) using 5 μL of 2 mg·mL−1 PDDA and 5...
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Figure 8: Preparation of the bioconjugate complex of Ab2 and HRP (Ab2-MNP-HRP).
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Figure 9: Illustration of the PSA capturing step.
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- Letter
- Published 12 Dec 2019
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Figure 1: (A) Schematic representation of the nanohybrids (not to scale). The central QD (red, yellow, blue =...
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Figure 2: Confocal z-stack image of HeLa cells. (A) Volume view of the confocal z-stack showing blue: DAPI, r...
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- Review
- Published 09 Jan 2020
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Figure 1: Illustration of conventional (WC) and unconventional (non-WC) hydrogen bonding interactions between...
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Figure 2: Molecular design and engineering of DNA nanoarchitectures using different types of DNA modules. The...
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Figure 3: Schematic representation of DNA tetrahedron-based electroluminescence biosensor platforms. The imag...
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Figure 4: a) Schematic representation of mutually templated double-helical zipper assemblies of APA and dBn (...
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Figure 5: a) Mutually templated coassembly of BNA and dTn (n = 6, 10, 20) to form a BNAn–dTn hybrid ensemble,...
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Figure 6: Molecular structures of nucleobase-tethered NDI molecules (NDI-AA and NDI-TT) and their assembly, c...
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Figure 7: a) Zn(II)-cyclen-tethered NDI and DPP SFMs. b) DPP–dT40 and NDI–dT40 multichromophore arrays over a...
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Figure 8: a) Schematic representation of a porphyrin-appended DNA nanopore base lipid anchor. b) AFM image of...
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