Table of Contents |
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111 | Full Research Paper |
16 | Review |
3 | Letter |
2 | Perspective |
1 | Correction |
Figure 1: Carbon monoxide (CO) molecules adsorbed on Pb(111). (a) STM overview image of pristine Pb(111) (Vt ...
Figure 2: Adsorption of carbon monoxide (CO) molecules on Pb(110). (a) STM overview image of Pb(110) after ad...
Figure 3: Adsorption of NaCl on Pb(111). (a, b) STM overview image of Pb(111) with quadratic NaCl islands ads...
Figure 4: Fe adatoms on Pb(111) and their lateral manipulations. (a) STM overview image of Pb(111) after depo...
Figure 1: Growth of research interest in the SoL approach. Insert: Number of SoL-related publications in the ...
Figure 2: Summary of the different types of synthesis methods to produce NPs.
Figure 3: (a) Schematic representation of a (magnetron) sputtering deposition chamber along with some key set...
Figure 4: SRIM calculation of the sputtering yield of C (black disks), Ti (grey squares), and Au (white trian...
Figure 5: (a) Evolution of the castor oil (4 g) temperature as a function of time, at 5 and 10 mm from the bo...
Figure 6: Schematic diagrams representing the NP formation as a function of time: (a) La Mer model and (b) au...
Figure 7: Schematic representation of the secondary growth processes.
Figure 8: TEM images and corresponding size distributions of Pt NPs produced via MS of a platinum target onto...
Figure 9: Statistics data of the most commonly used (a) host liquids and (b) target materials for the SoL app...
Figure 10: (a) Average diameters of Ag NPs as a function of the viscosity of PEMP controlled by temperature. Figure 10a ...
Figure 11: Schematic representation of NP and film growth during the SoL process.
Figure 12: In situ UV–vis spectra for the reduction of 4-nitrophenol using Au NPs in DES solution after sputte...
Figure 13: Schematic illustration of multilayer films made of (a) AuNPs/[poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) (PSS)...
Figure 14: (a) Schematic illustration of the sputtering equipment (left) without α-thioglycerol and (right) wi...
Figure 15: Photoluminescence spectra of Au, Ag, and Cu nanoclusters in (11-mercaptoundecyl)-N,N,N-trimethylamm...
Figure 16: (a) HRTEM images with FFT and (b) photographs of the antibacterial disc of the PEGylated Au NPs pre...
Figure 17: (a) Schematic illustration of Au/Ag binary targets with different gold fractions (fAu). (b) Photogr...
Figure 18: Schematic overview of the different routes used to synthesize amorphous and crystalline Cr/Mn/Fe/Co...
Figure 19: Au L3 EXAFS data for an Au metallic foil (reference) and Au/Pd alloy NPs with different Au/Pd ratio...
Figure 20: (a) Left: schematic of the co-sputtering process into a cavity array substrate filled with an IL. R...
Figure 21: (a) Photograph of solutions containing alloy NPs obtained with different applied currents on Au and...
Figure 22: (a) Schematic of the strategy used to evaluate the intrinsic activity of alloy NPs. More details ca...
Figure 23: PL spectra with (a) excitation and (b) emission of Au NPs, Ag NPs, and Au/Ag alloy NPs. Figure 23 was adapte...
Figure 24: (Left) Schematic of the sequential sputtering of Pt over Au NPs stabilized on a functionalized ILs ...
Figure 25: (a) Schematic of the process used for the synthesis of a noble metal (M) core with an In2O3 shell (...
Figure 26: (a) Cyclic voltammograms of Pd/Au bimetallic NPs film in KOH solution. (b) Relationship between pea...
Figure 27: (a) TEM image with the corresponding EDS spectrum, (b) HRTEM image, and (c) HAADF-STEM image with E...
Figure 28: (a) Left: HAADF-STEM images of Pt/Ni NPs on MWNTs with the corresponding EDS mapping of Pt and Ni. ...
Figure 29: (a) Schematic of the process used for the preparation of Pd/Au NP–TiO2 nanocomposites by successive...
Figure 30: (a) Schematic of the process used for the preparation of resins containing Au NPs. (b) UV–vis trans...
Figure 1: A schematic illustration of two interlocked diamond involute solid-state gears (red and yellow) wit...
Figure 2: Trajectories of the rotation angle of the second gear θ2(t) without lubricant (blue dashed lines) a...
Figure 3: The trajectories from MD simulations of gears lubricated by hexadecene for different angular veloci...
Figure 4: Snapshots for frames around the bond formation event from the MD simulation with center-of-mass dis...
Figure 1: Coarse grained model for polyvinyl alcohol (PVA, C2H4O)x). Red atoms are oxygen, dark gray are carb...
Figure 2: Snapshot of the simulation after the deposition of graphene on the polymer and before indentation a...
Figure 3: (a) Top view and (b) side view of the simulation. The positions of the fixed graphene carbon atoms ...
Figure 4: Density of the substrate through the full length of the simulation box (polymer only), (a) before d...
Figure 5: The penetration depth versus time for long indentations, and for the sliding process, for a tip wit...
Figure 6: Indentation depth as a function of the normal load for the flat graphene specimen with tip radii r ...
Figure 7: Indentation depth on flat graphene and crumpled graphene layers for different normal loads and a ti...
Figure 8: Density maps of the polymer for (a) the flat graphene sheet with r = 50 Å and Fn = 3.2 nN, (b) the ...
Figure 9: Snapshots of the simulation during sliding for a tip radius of 50 Å and a load of 102 nN (64 eV/Å) ...
Figure 10: Frictional force as a function of the position of the support on the flat graphene specimen for (a)...
Figure 11: Average frictional force measured between support displacements of 50 and 100 Å as function of the ...
Figure 12: Frictional force versus the position of the support for a tip of radius r = 50 Å on the crumpled gr...
Figure 13: Average frictional force measured between 50 and 100 Å of the support displacement versus load appl...
Figure 14: Average displacement of the monomers below the tip during sliding for (a) the case without graphene...
Figure 1: Static XMCD-PEEM images acquired at 50 K before (a) and after (b) a single laser pulse of 6.8 mJ/cm2...
Figure 2: Static XMCD-PEEM images acquired at room temperature, each image after one single laser pulse of 80...
Figure 3: PEEM images before (A) and after (B) a single laser pulse of 7.9 mJ/cm2 fluence in the center at 20...
Figure 1: a) TEM image of SPION@bPEI. b) AFM micrograph image of SPION@bPEI (magnetic mode). c) X-ray diffrac...
Figure 2: a) Gel electrophoresis showing the binding of PIC to SPION@bPEI (the PIC amount was kept constant a...
Figure 3: MTT cytotoxicity assay in HeLa cells treated with free bPEI, SPION@bPEI, and SPION@bPEI/PIC for 48 ...
Figure 4: Fluorescence microscopy images of HeLa cells treated for 4 h with SPION@bPEI (20 μg/mL) (a1–a3), SP...
Figure 5: MTT cytotoxicity assay in MCF7, HCT116, and HeLa cells treated with free Erb (0.62 μg/mL), SPION@bP...
Figure 6: Fluorescence microscopy images of HCT116 cells transfected with SPION@bPEI/pGFP or SPION@bPEI-Erb/p...
Figure 7: Fluorescence microscopy images of MCF7, HCT116, and HeLa cells transfected with SPION@bPEI-Erb/pGFP...
Figure 1: Problems and sources associated with NOx air pollution (a) and NO photocatalysis over a semiconduct...
Figure 2: (a) Statistics of publication number on SnO2 materials (2017–06/2021). Data was extracted from Web ...
Figure 3: Ultraviolet–visible absorption spectra (a) and corresponding bandgaps of SQDs (b). Figure 3 was reprinted f...
Figure 4: (a) Natural growth faces of SnO2 are the (110), (100) (equivalent to (010) in rutile), and (101) (e...
Figure 5: The conversion processes of NO on perfect SnO2(110), SnO2−x(110) and O2 + SnO2−x(110) surfaces. Figure 5 wa...
Figure 6: SEM images of SnO2 microspheres synthesized by a hydrothermal method at 180 °C for 24 h. Figure 6 was repri...
Figure 7: NO photodegradation of materials under solar light (a), the dependence of concentration on irradiat...
Figure 8: Proposed mechanisms for photocatalytic NO oxidation via interfacial charge migration over BiOBr/SnO2...
Figure 9: NO photocatalytic degradation of materials under visible light irradiation (a), the dependence of c...
Figure 10: Photocatalytic NO removal efficacy over SnO2 (a), g-C3N4 (b) and g-C3N4/SnO2 (c) with scavengers un...
Figure 11: (a) Surface photovoltage spectroscopy, (b) transient photocurrent responses, (c) EIS Nyquist plots ...
Figure 12: A mechanism of NO photocatalytic oxidation over SnO2–Zn2SnO4/graphene. Figure 12 was reprinted from [75], Chemic...
Figure 13: (a) Diffuse reflectance spectra of SnO2 and SnO2/GQDs composites. Inset is the absorption spectrum ...
Figure 14: Gaussian fit of PL spectra with inserted images of sample color of SnO2 (a) and SnO2−x (b); and pro...
Figure 15: The proposed process of NO + O2 reaction over Ce–SnO2 under visible light irradiation. The ROS reac...
Figure 16: Decay and growth curves of primary ROS versus radiation time of SnO2 NPs (a) and Ag@SnO2 (b). Figure 16 was ...
Figure 1: Microscopic images of HbMP. (A, D) SEM images of dried and adherent particles after precipitation w...
Figure 2: Effect of glutaraldehyde on bacterial growth of E. coli and S. epidermidis. E. coli (A) and S. epid...
Figure 3: Concentration of free hemoglobin in the supernatant of HbMP suspensions. Measuring points are means...
Figure 4: Effect of EDTA on bacterial growth of E. coli and S. epidermidis. E. coli (A) and S. epidermidis (B...
Figure 5: Effect of a combination of glutaraldehyde and EDTA on E. coli and S. epidermidis. E. coli (A) and S...
Figure 6: Simplified scheme of the experimental approach. The solution containing hemoglobin and MnCl2 was sp...
Figure 7: Particle preparation with E. coli and S. epidermidis. The solution containing hemoglobin and MnCl2 ...
Figure 1: Optical characteristics of sensors based on 3D PhC (matrix thickness ≈ 90 µm): (a) diffuse reflecta...
Figure 2: (a) Photo of the sensor and (b) electron microscopy image of a CCA of polystyrene particles without...
Figure 3: A mechanism of detecting hydrocarbons with a sensor based on a 3D PhC: (a, b) swelling of colloidal...
Figure 4: Comparison of the PBG shift rate exposed to toluene and n-pentane vapors (matrix thickness about 90...
Figure 5: Response rates of sensor matrices (red) and vapor pressure (blue): (a) response time for aromatic h...
Figure 6: The dependence of the sensor response rate on the content of toluene in p-xylene (matrix thickness ...
Figure 7: Reversibility of the response to toluene vapor: (a) position of the reflection maximum: green – bef...
Figure 8: Key points of the experiments: (a) scheme of the experimental equipment; (b) a photo image of the s...
Figure 1: Optical images of jet evolution in spinning process at different voltage values. (a) 6 kV, (b) 10 k...
Figure 2: Optical microscopy images of PHB/HAp fibers electrospun under different processing conditions. (a) ...
Figure 3: (i) Optical images of the fabricated mats. (a) PVDF, (b) PS, (c) Fe3O4@PS, (d) PVDF/PS, (e) PVDF/Fe3...
Figure 4: Highly efficient removal of organic chemicals or oils from water (the organic chemicals or oils dye...
Figure 5: The flexibility of the as-prepared PVA/TEOS membrane (a, b), SiO2 nanofiber membrane (c, d) and Pd-...
Figure 6: SEM images of the surfaces of (A) the commercial PVDF membrane, (B) the commercial PTFE membrane, (...
Figure 7: (i) (a) Water contact angles of the commercial PVDF and PTFE hydrophobic membranes and the fabricat...
Figure 1: The illustration of atomic structures of 1T′ and 2H TMD. Purple: Mo or W; green: S or Se. The red f...
Figure 2: Partial DOS of the Mo 4d or W 5d states (red line), S 3p and Se 4p states (blue line) of 1T′ TMDs.
Figure 3: Calculated -pCOHP of long and short TM-X bonds in 1T′ MoS2, MoSe2, WS2 and WSe2 crystals with the c...
Figure 4: Calculated mechanical properties of 1T′ MoS2, MoSe2, WS2 and WSe2 crystals including (A) the elasti...
Figure 5: (a) Total and partial DOS and band structure of MoS2 in its 1T′ and 2H polytypes. (b) Calculated -p...
Figure 1: (a) Filled-state STM image of Si(113)-(3 × 2). Image size: 30 × 30 nm2, Vs = −2.0 V, It = 0.05 nA. ...
Figure 2: A series of filled-state STM images of Si(113)-(3 × 2) upon oxidation at an oxygen pressure of 1.3 ...
Figure 3: A series of filled-state STM images of Si(113)-(3 × 2) upon oxidation at an oxygen pressure of 1.3 ...
Figure 4: (a) Magnified image of the island in (d) of Figure 3. (b) Line profile along the line A–B in (a).
Figure 5: A series of filled-state STM images of Si(113)-(3 × 2) upon oxidation at an oxygen pressure of 6.5 ...
Figure 6: Temperature–pressure growth mode diagram for thermal oxidation on (a) Si(113) and (b) Si(111).
Figure 7: (a) High-resolution STM image of Si(113)-(3 × 2) upon oxidation at an oxygen pressure of 2.6 × 10−5...
Figure 8: (a) High-resolution STM image of Si(113)-(3 × 2) upon oxidation at an oxygen pressure of 2.6 × 10−5...
Figure 1: Negative ion yield curves from DEA to Mo(CO)6 in the energy range from about 0–12 eV. From top; for...
Figure 2: Fit to the [Mo(CO)4]− ion yield using three Gaussian functions to represent the 1.65, 2.14 and 3.29...
Figure 3: Electron impact ionization mass spectrum for Mo(CO)6 recorded at 70 eV incident electron energy wit...
Figure 4: Left: EDX spectrum. Right: SEM image of FEBID pad (1 μm2) Mo(CO)6.
Figure 1: Illustration representing the scheme for sensor development.
Figure 2: SEM images of nanofibers developed from 12 wt % (A), 14 wt % (B), and 16 wt % (C). PVDF solution an...
Figure 3: X-ray diffraction pattern of nanofibers at various concentrations.
Figure 4: Digital oscilloscope graph of the sensor under low dynamic strain (A), the output voltage under low...
Figure 5: Integration of nanofibrous mesh into a knitted fabric for human body angle measurement (A), schemat...
Figure 1: SEM images of titania structures. (A) Nanotubes. (Figure 1A was adapted with permission from [5], Copyright 200...
Figure 2: SEM images of (a) annealed Ti, (b) PCL, (c) PCL with 2 wt % TiO2, (d) PCL with 5 wt % TiO2, and (e)...
Figure 3: SEM images of the bacterial colonization on (a) coated SS-TiO2, (b) micropatterned SS-TiO2, (c) pol...
Figure 4: Illustration of the drug release profile of nanomaterials: sustained release and stimuli-responsive...
Figure 5: Cytotoxic effect of doxorubicin and DOX-TiO2 nanocomposites against human SMMC-7721 hepatocarcinoma...
Figure 6: Illustration of ROS generation by TiO2 nanomaterials by photosensitization and sonosensitization te...
Figure 7: (a) Schematic illustration of synergistic SDT and PTT assisted by B-TiO2−x-PEG for tumor eradicatio...
Figure 8: (a) Schematic representation of the preparation and surface modification of green titania (G-TiO2−x...
Figure 1: Stepwise Ru(TP)2-complex wire growth by alternate addition of the Ru-PF6 precursor in ethanol and B...
Figure 2: Schematic illustration of Ru(MPTP)2–AuNP (upper part) and Ru(TP)2-complex wire devices (lower left ...
Figure 3: Log current vs voltage curves of Ru(TP)2-complex wire devices (green), multiple-Ru(MPTP)2–AuNP devi...
Figure 4: Arrhenius plots. (a) Ru(TP)2-complex wire device (U = 1 V). (b) Ru(MPTP)2–AuNP device for voltages ...
Figure 5: Current vs time traces at 1 V bias. Samples were illuminated with a 530 nm light. (a) Ru(TP)2-compl...
Figure 6: Photoconductance of Ru(MPTP)2–AuNP devices. (a) Difference between light current and dark current, Δ...
Figure 1: TEM micrographs of Os NPs obtained using water (66 vol %) and methanol (33 vol %), no base, and 100...
Figure 2: PDFs obtained from three different syntheses of Os NPs in 1:2 alcohol/water ratios and for differen...
Figure 3: Fit of a hcp cluster (seen in the insert) to the PDF obtained from the Os NPs formed in methanol/wa...
Figure 4: (a) Measured PDF of OsCl3 in methanol/water. The insert shows the same PDF plotted to 21 Å. (b) Ove...
Figure 1: (a) Potentiodynamic polarization curves of Zr63Ni22Ti15 metallic glass in 0.2 M NaCl solution and 0...
Figure 2: Friction force as a function of number of scan cycles on Zr63Ni22Ti15 metallic glass after immersio...
Figure 3: (a) AFM topography and friction force images recorded on Zr63Ni22Ti15 metallic glass after immersio...
Figure 4: The dependence on the applied normal load during the repetitive scans of: (a) friction force of the...
Figure 5: The dependence on immersion time of: (a) friction coefficient of the inner layer; (b) adhesion forc...
Figure 1: SEM images of nanofibers produced by changing the ampicillin trihydrate concentration (F1: 4%, F2: ...
Figure 2: SEM images of nanofibers produced by different ratios of PLA/PLGA [F2: PLA (100:0); F4: PLA/PLGA (8...
Figure 3: Effect of drug amount (F1: 4%, F2: 8%, and F3: 12%) on drug release from PLA nanofibers.
Figure 4: Effect of different ratios of PLA/PLGA on drug release from nanofibers [F2: PLA (100:0); F4: PLA/PL...
Figure 5: Differential scanning calorimetry analysis (DSC) thermograms of ampicillin trihydrate, PLA, PLGA, P...
Figure 1: Characterization of the superparamagnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticle clusters. (a) TEM image revealing cubi...
Figure 2: Photothermal conversion of Fe3O4 nanoparticle clusters. (a) Temperature elevation of aqueous soluti...
Figure 3: In vitro photothermal ablation of A375 cells. (a) Bright-field microscopy showing the health condit...
Figure 4: In vivo photothermal therapy in BALB/c mice bearing tumor xenografts. (a) Changes of body weight ov...
Figure 5: Photothermal therapy increases tumoral level of HSP70. Tumors were isolated from mice that received...
Figure 6: Schematic representation of Fe3O4 NPC-mediated photothermal therapy in melanoma.
Figure 1: Characteristics of the thermoelectrical voltage of a (Ti–Cu)Ox thin film.
Figure 2: Direct current-to-voltage characteristics of the Au/(Ti–Cu)Ox/TiAlV thin film structure. Arrows ind...
Figure 3: Switching characteristics for the Au/(Ti–Cu)Ox/Ti6Al4V thin film structure as a function of the for...
Figure 4: Retention characteristics for the Au/(Ti–Cu)Ox/TiAlV thin film structure.
Figure 5: Transmission and reflection characteristics for gradient (Ti–Cu)Ox thin film.
Figure 6: XPS spectra of the surface of (Ti0.48Cu0.52)Ox thin film: a) Cu 2p, b) Ti 2p, and c) O 1s core leve...
Figure 7: (a) Photoelectron spectrum of the valence band, (b) schematic energy diagram of the surface of the ...
Figure 8: Results of TEM analysis and distribution of Cu, Ti, O, and Si in the gradient (Ti–Cu)Ox thin film w...
Figure 9: Schematic illustration of energy level diagrams of the prepared Au/(Ti–Cu)Ox/Ti6Al4V structure. The...
Figure 1: EHD jetting process and SEM images of characteristic SPNPs. (a) Synthesis of various SPNPs comprise...
Figure 2: Size distribution and secondary geometric factors of HEM SPNPs based on SEM and DLS analysis. (a) N...
Figure 3: Size distribution and secondary geometric factors of TF SPNPs based on SEM and DLS analysis. (a) Nu...
Figure 4: Size distribution and secondary geometric factors of MUC SPNPs based on SEM and DLS analysis. (a) N...
Figure 5: Size distribution and secondary geometric factors of INS SPNPs based on SEM and DLS analysis. (a) N...
Figure 1: Schematic illustration of preparing MZG nanoparticles (a) and (b) antioxidation mechanism in cells....
Figure 2: Physicochemical characterization of MZG nanoparticles. (a) TEM image. (b) DLS profile of MZG nanopar...
Figure 3: Measurement of ROS scavenging. (a) UV–vis absorption spectra of ABTS solution incubated with differ...
Figure 4: Antioxidant activity evaluation in cells. (a) Cytotoxicity evaluation of MZG nanoparticles by incub...
Figure 1: The system of two capacitively coupled superconducting nanowires.
Figure 2: Time-dependent phase configurations describing a QPS event at t = 0 (red) and t > 0 (blue) together...
Figure 3: The same as in Figure 1 in the first of the two capacitively coupled superconducting nanowires. Each of the...
Figure 4: Time-dependent phase configurations at t = 0 (red) and t > 0 (blue) together with propagating volta...
Figure 1: Energy band model of the metal–insulator contact electrification. The highest unoccupied intermedia...
Figure 2: Electrodeposition process. A PMMA plate was used as the electrodeposition liner.
Figure 3: Contact and separation of Cu and PTFE.
Figure 4: XRD diffraction patterns of the 16 samples after electrodeposition.
Figure 5: Samples 1–8 of the 16 samples were screened and classified according to the particle size. Differen...
Figure 6: Samples 9–16 of the samples were screened and classified according to the particle size. Different ...
Figure 7: The particle size distribution of samples 1–8 of the 16 copper nanostructures.
Figure 8: The particle size distribution of samples 9–16 of the 16 copper nanostructures.
Figure 9: The output performance of the 16 samples. (a) Open-circuit voltage and (b) short-circuit current.
Figure 10: (a) Effect of particle size variance on the open-circuit voltage (EG = experimental group = sample,...
Figure 11: (a1–c1) Models of pyramids, strips, and spheroids. (a2–c2) COMSOL simulation of the electric field ...