A recent overview on the synthesis of 1,4,5-trisubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles

• Pezhman Shiri,
• Ali Mohammad Amani and
• Thomas Mayer-Gall

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 1600–1628, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.114

• methodology for aerobic C–H activation; ii) PEG as green and recyclable reaction medium; and iii) a reusable palladium catalyst complex [65]. Fully functionalized 1,2,3-triazolo-fused chromenes 162, 164, and 166 were regioselectively prepared in moderate yield. The isoindoline-fused triazoles 164 were

• methodology was extended to the synthesis of potentially bioactive derivatives, such as heterofused coumarins 162a and 162b, azepinone-like 162c, and steroid-based triazolo-fused isoindoline 162d [65]. Ru-catalyzed synthesis of fully decorated triazoles A series of 1,4,5-trisubstituted triazoles 172 was

Synthesis of imidazo[1,5-a]pyridines via cyclocondensation of 2-(aminomethyl)pyridines with electrophilically activated nitroalkanes

• Dmitrii A. Aksenov,
• Nikolai A. Arutiunov,
• Vladimir V. Maliuga,
• Alexander V. Aksenov and
• Michael Rubin

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 2903–2910, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.239

• colorless crystals of intermediate 2-((6-bromoquinolin-2-yl)methyl)isoindoline-1,3-dione. This material (3.05 g, 8.3 mmol) was suspended in ethanol, and hydrazine hydrate (50%, 1.0 g, 10 mmol) was added. The reaction mixture was refluxed for 5 h and then cooled down to 0 °C. The precipitated phthalyl

Convenient access to pyrrolidin-3-ylphosphonic acids and tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-ylphosphonates with multiple contiguous stereocenters from nonracemic adducts of a Ni(II)-catalyzed Michael reaction

• Alexander N. Reznikov,
• Dmitry S. Nikerov,
• Anastasiya E. Sibiryakova,
• Victor B. Rybakov,
• Evgeniy V. Golovin and
• Yuri N. Klimochkin

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 2073–2079, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.174

• octahydroindole [10], tetrahydroquinoline [11], tetrahydroisoquinoline [11][12], β-carboline [13], morpholine [14], and isoindoline [15] moieties have been developed. Obtained in an enantiomerically pure form, phosphonoproline and its analogues [16][17][18][19] were among the first compounds in this series

Rearrangement of o-(pivaloylaminomethyl)benzaldehydes: an experimental and computational study

• Csilla Hargitai,
• Györgyi Koványi-Lax,
• Tamás Nagy,
• Péter Ábrányi-Balogh,
• András Dancsó,
• Gábor Tóth,
• Judit Halász,
• Angéla Pandur,
• Gyula Simig and
• Balázs Volk

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 1636–1648, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.136

• structure determination of products 3b and 8b was also supported by single-crystal X-ray measurements. These compounds were obtained as racemates and Figure 1 shows those enantiomers in which the chiral center of the isoindoline moiety possesses an R configuration. All attempts to grow appropriate single

• isomeric dimers in the crude product mixtures, only the major isomers 3a,b, and 8a,b could be isolated. The main structural difference between the dimer-like products 3a,b and 8a,b concerns the position of the linkage of the ortho-formylated N-pivaloylaminobenzyl moiety to the isoindoline building block

• . In the former products 3a,b it is attached to the sterically less hindered, while in the latter compounds 8a,b to the more hindered site of the isoindoline part. Proposed mechanism for the formation of rearranged aldehydes and dimer-like products The formation of the rearranged aldehydes 2a,b can be

Oxime radicals: generation, properties and application in organic synthesis

• Igor B. Krylov,
• Stanislav A. Paveliev,
• Alexander S. Budnikov and
• Alexander O. Terent’ev

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 1234–1276, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.107

• aromatic (products 88a–d) and aliphatic (products 88e,f) substituents are applicable. Oximes with an isoindoline or tetrahydroisoquinoline fragment also undergo this transformation to give substituted oxadiazolines (products 88g,h). The authors note that T(p-F)PPT plays the role of a photocatalyst that

Synthesis and application of trifluoroethoxy-substituted phthalocyanines and subphthalocyanines

• Satoru Mori and
• Norio Shibata

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 2273–2296, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.224

• . Keywords: aggregation; fluorine; phthalocyanine; subphthalocyanine; trifluoroethoxy; Introduction Phthalocyanines [1][2][3] are analogues of porphyrin condensed with four isoindoline units via a nitrogen atom and exhibit a deep blue color due to their wide 18π electron conjugation. Among them, the most

• Solkane® 365 mfc, making it very useful and allowing its expansion to industrial applications. Phthalocyanine is usually composed of four isoindoline units. The functionality of phthalocyanine can be enhanced by selectively modifying one of the four units. However, it is difficult to selectively modify

• pertrifluoroethoxy substitutions. Synthesis and optical properties of trifluoroethoxy-substituted subphthalocyanines Subphthalocyanines [122][123][124][125] are phthalocyanine analogues unlike phthalocyanines which are planar compounds composed of four isoindoline units, and are cone-shaped distorted molecules

Synthesis of spiro[isoindole-1,5’-isoxazolidin]-3(2H)-ones as potential inhibitors of the MDM2-p53 interaction

• Salvatore V. Giofrè,
• Santa Cirmi,
• Raffaella Mancuso,
• Francesco Nicolò,
• Giuseppe Lanza,
• Laura Legnani,
• Agata Campisi,
• Maria A. Chiacchio,
• Michele Navarra,
• Bartolo Gabriele and
• Roberto Romeo

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2016, 12, 2793–2807, doi:10.3762/bjoc.12.278

• isomeric mixture, followed by filtration. (1RS,4'RS)-2,2'-Dibenzyl-4'-(morpholine-4-carbonyl)spiro[isoindoline-1,5'-isoxazolidin]-3-one (6a): White solid; mp 197–199 °C (Yield: 71 mg, 51%); IR (KBr) νmax: 1685, 1638 cm−1; 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.82–7.78 (m, 1H), 7.62–7.47 (m, 5H), 7.43 (d, J = 7.1 Hz

• , 484.2262. (1RS,4'SR)-2,2'-Dibenzyl-4'-(morpholine-4-carbonyl)spiro[isoindoline-1,5'-isoxazolidin]-3-one (7a): White crystals, mp 185–187 °C (Yield: 12 mg, 9%); IR (KBr) νmax: 1680, 1642 cm−1; 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.80 (d, J = 6.7 Hz, 1H), 7.62–7.46 (m, 4H), 7.45–7.20 (m, 10H), 5.05 (d, J = 11.6 Hz, 1H

• , 129.2, 129.0, 128.9, 128.5, 128.4, 128.2, 127.8, 127.6, 127.3, 126.8, 125.0, 124.4, 123.0, 100.0, 66.1, 65.5, 62.9, 59.7, 53.5, 44. 7, 43.4, 41.9; HRMS–ESI (m/z): [M + H]+ calcd for C29H30N3O4, 484.2236; found, 484.2271. (1RS,4'RS)-2'-Benzyl-2-butyl-4'-(pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)spiro[isoindoline-1,5

A quadruple cascade protocol for the one-pot synthesis of fully-substituted hexahydroisoindolinones from simple substrates

• Hong-Bo Zhang,
• Yong-Chun Luo,
• Xiu-Qin Hu,
• Yong-Min Liang and
• Peng-Fei Xu

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2016, 12, 253–259, doi:10.3762/bjoc.12.27

• the most widespread compounds in nature. They feature not only high biological activity, but also diverse chemical properties [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. Therefore, it is highly desirable to develop efficient methods toward the synthesis of isoindoline derivatives, which

Further exploration of the heterocyclic diversity accessible from the allylation chemistry of indigo

• Alireza Shakoori,
• John B. Bremner,
• Mohammed K. Abdel-Hamid,
• Anthony C. Willis,
• Rachada Haritakun and
• Paul A. Keller

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 481–492, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.54

• ring confirmed the presence of the non-alkylated isoindoline moiety. The observation of one set of peaks in the 13C NMR spectrum indicated the presence of a single enantiomeric pair of isomers, and analysis of the X-ray crystal structure (Figure 4) showed that the relative stereochemistry was either

N–O Cleavage reactions of heterobicycloalkene-fused 2-isoxazolines

• Jaipal R. Nagireddy,
• Geoffrey K. Tranmer,
• Emily Carlson and
• William Tam

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 2200–2205, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.227

• as β-hydroxycarbonyl derivatives 12 and γ-aminoalcohols 13, as well as carbonyl compounds including phthalan 14 and isoindoline derivatives 15 (R2 = Ar; Scheme 2). Results and Discussion For our investigation of heterobicycloalkene-fused 2-isoxazoline cleavage, we initially planned to follow our

Aza-Diels–Alder reaction between N-aryl-1-oxo-1H-isoindolium ions and tert-enamides: Steric effects on reaction outcome

• Amitabh Jha,
• Ting-Yi Chou,
• Zainab ALJaroudi,
• Bobby D. Ellis and
• T. Stanley Cameron

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 848–857, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.81

• ; cyclization; Diels–Alder; inverse electron demand; N-acyliminium ion; tert-enamide; Introduction Fused indoline, isoindoline, quinoline and isoquinoline substructures are found in many natural products and bioactive synthetic compounds (Figure 1). For example, nuevamine is a naturally-occurring isoindolo[1,2

Synthesis of enantiomerically pure N-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)arylamides via oxidative esterification

• Akula Raghunadh,
• Satish S More,
• T. Krishna Chaitanya,
• Yadla Sateesh Kumar,
• Suresh Babu Meruva,
• L. Vaikunta Rao and
• U. K. Syam Kumar

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2013, 9, 2129–2136, doi:10.3762/bjoc.9.250

• (Scheme 2). The Mitsunobu reaction yielded the product (S)-2-(oxiran-2-ylmethyl)isoindoline-1,3-dione (4a) [23][24][25][26][27] in 80% yield and in 99% ee. Then 4a was converted to hydroxypropyl benzoate 5a [28][29][30][31][32] by NHC-mediated oxidative esterification of aryl aldehydes (7a–f) [33][34][35

The chemistry of isoindole natural products

• Klaus Speck and
• Thomas Magauer

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2013, 9, 2048–2078, doi:10.3762/bjoc.9.243

• have limited this review to the most inspiring examples. Within different congeners, we have selected a few members and discussed the synthetic routes in more detail. The putative biosynthetic pathways of the presented isoindole alkaloids are described as well. Keywords: isoindole; isoindoline

• ; isoindolinone; isoindolone; natural products; Introduction Isoindole (2H-isoindole, 1), known since more than a century, consists of a fused benzopyrrole ring system and constitutes the regioisomer of the abundant 1H-indole heterocycle. The fully reduced member of the isoindole family is termed isoindoline

• synthesis of isoindoline-type structures and the synthesis, chemical and spectroscopic properties of this substance class were reviewed elsewhere [6][7][8]. In the late 1950s, thalidomide (8), a phthalimide-based drug used by pregnant women against morning sickness, became the most infamous drug in history

Synthesis of conformationally restricted glutamate and glutamine derivatives from carbonylation of orthopalladated phenylglycine derivatives

• Esteban P. Urriolabeitia,
• Eduardo Laga and
• Carlos Cativiela

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2012, 8, 1569–1575, doi:10.3762/bjoc.8.179

• atom in the carbonylation further. The reaction of 3 with CO (1 atm) in CH2Cl2 at room temperature, that is, in the absence of nucleophiles, occurs with C–N coupling and formation of the methyl 3-oxo-2-((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)isoindoline-1-carboxylate (4) in good yields, as shown in Scheme 5 (right

• + H]+; anal. calcd for C20H18Cl2F6N2O8Pd2S2 (876.23): C, 27.41; H, 2.07; N, 3.20; S, 7.32; found: C, 26.93; H, 2.02; N, 3.45; S, 6.98. Synthesis of methyl 3-oxo-2-((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)isoindoline-1-carboxylate (4) A solution of 3 (50.0 mg, 0.057 mmol) in dichloromethane was stirred under a CO

The arene–alkene photocycloaddition

• Ursula Streit and
• Christian G. Bochet

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2011, 7, 525–542, doi:10.3762/bjoc.7.61

• ]. An excellent example for such intermolecular selectivity was published a few years ago by Piet et al. (Scheme 10) [38]. They observed a very selective endo 1,3-photocycloaddition across the substituent on the aromatic moiety in the reaction of cyclopentene with a protected isoindoline. This reaction

• cyclopentene with a protected isoindoline. 2,6- and 1,3-addition in intramolecular approach. Linear and angularly fused isomers can be obtained upon intramolecular 1,3-addition. Synthesis of α-cedrene via diastereoselective meta photocycloaddition. Asymmetric meta photocycloaddition introduced by chirality of