Organic thermally activated delayed fluorescence material with strained benzoguanidine donor

• Alexander C. Brannan,
• Elvie F. P. Beaumont,
• Nguyen Le Phuoc,
• George F. S. Whitehead,
• Mikko Linnolahti and
• Alexander S. Romanov

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 1289–1298, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.95

• of 4BGIPN in triclinic form was refined in isotropic model, therefore, we do not discuss in detail the structural parameters. We only note that both forms are not due to the polymorphism but rather due to rotational isomerism of the 4BGIPN material, i.e., different orientation of the benzoguanidine

Inline purification in continuous flow synthesis – opportunities and challenges

• Jorge García-Lacuna and
• Marcus Baumann

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 1720–1740, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.182

• aliskiren [110][111], or related examples of upstream and downstream processing of different APIs, such as lidocaine, diazepam, or diphenhydramine [29][30][112]. Apart from the typical problems of handling solids such as fouling and blockages, polymorphism can be another challenge. Substantial knowledge for

Chemical approaches to discover the full potential of peptide nucleic acids in biomedical applications

• Nikita Brodyagin,
• Martins Katkevics,
• Venubabu Kotikam,
• Christopher A. Ryan and
• Eriks Rozners

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 1641–1688, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.116

¹⁹F NMR as a tool in chemical biology

• Diana Gimenez,
• Aoife Phelan,
• Cormac D. Murphy and
• Steven L. Cobb

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 293–318, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.28

• significantly no new 19F resonances were produced during the time course of aggregation. This suggests that, unlike what is observed in the case of amyloidogenic Aβ-peptide, no soluble intermediates accumulate in the aggregation pathway of IAPP. Conformational polymorphism is also particularly important for the

Control over size, shape, and photonics of self-assembled organic nanocrystals

• Chen Shahar,
• Yaron Tidhar,
• Yunmin Jung,
• Haim Weissman,
• Sidney R. Cohen,
• Ronit Bitton,
• Iddo Pinkas,
• Gilad Haran and
• Boris Rybtchinski

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 42–51, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.5

• mobility [20], but no control over the crystal size and morphology was demonstrated. Using self-assembled monolayers as templates for the seeding and growth of molecular crystals may offer control over structure and polymorphism [21]. However, in this method, the crystal formation is limited by the

Heterogeneous photocatalysis in flow chemical reactors

• Christopher G. Thomson,
• Ai-Lan Lee and
• Filipe Vilela

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 1495–1549, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.125

• semiconductor Eg defines the minimum frequency of photons required to excite an electron from the valence band to the conduction band, the critical primary event required for photocatalysis to occur. The band structure can be engineered by controlling the polymorphism, morphology, and size (e.g., TiO2

The use of isoxazoline and isoxazole scaffolding in the design of novel thiourea and amide liquid-crystalline compounds

• Itamar L. Gonçalves,
• Rafaela R. da Rosa,
• Vera L. Eifler-Lima and
• Aloir A. Merlo

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 175–184, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.20

• phase (Table 1, Figure 2). The transition to the SmC phase was not found in DSC analysis (Figure 3), due to its low transition enthalpy value. The transition from SmA to SmC, passing through broken fan-shaped focal conic texture for compound 19 is shown in Figure 2. Amide 20 displayed polymorphism Cr

• crystals containing hydrogen bonds may exhibit a wide variety of phase polymorphism depending on the length of the chain, type of bonding and the functional groups involved [12][28][29][30]. Many liquid crystalline compounds have been developed exploring the ability of hydrogen bonding formation between

Nanopatterns of arylene–alkynylene squares on graphite: self-sorting and intercalation

• Tristan J. Keller,
• Joshua Bahr,
• Kristin Gratzfeld,
• Nina Schönfelder,
• Marcin A. Majewski,
• Marcin Stępień,
• Sigurd Höger and
• Stefan-S. Jester

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 1848–1855, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.180

• formed as a result of intermolecular interactions between directionally bound star-shaped species, such as trimesic acid [10], or 1,3,5-benzenetribenzoic acid [11]. However, they sometimes suffer from a breakdown of an intended packing motif leading to solvent-dependent polymorphism [10]. In addition

Unexpected polymorphism during a catalyzed mechanochemical Knoevenagel condensation

• Sebastian Haferkamp,
• Andrea Paul,
• Adam A. L. Michalchuk and
• Franziska Emmerling

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 1141–1148, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.110

Halogen bonding and host–guest chemistry between N-alkylammonium resorcinarene halides, diiodoperfluorobutane and neutral guests

• Fangfang Pan,
• Mohadeseh Dashti,
• Michael R. Reynolds,
• Kari Rissanen,
• John F. Trant and
• Ngong Kodiah Beyeh

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 947–954, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.91

• incredibly effective tool for observing privileged conformations and structures [15][16][17][18][19]. From the crystallographic information we can extract the polymorphism, high Z’-value, twining, and disorder that provide insight into the dynamics of prenucleation assembly, nucleation, and crystal growth

Adhesion, forces and the stability of interfaces

• Robin Guttmann,
• Johannes Hoja,
• Christoph Lechner,
• Reinhard J. Maurer and
• Alexander F. Sax

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 106–129, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.12

Evaluation of dispersion type metal···π arene interaction in arylbismuth compounds – an experimental and theoretical study

• Ana-Maria Preda,
• Małgorzata Krasowska,
• Lydia Wrobel,
• Philipp Kitschke,
• Phil C. Andrews,
• Jonathan G. MacLellan,
• Lutz Mertens,
• Marcus Korb,
• Tobias Rüffer,
• Heinrich Lang,
• Alexander A. Auer and
• Michael Mehring

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 2125–2145, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.187

• the effect of it on polymorphism. For comparison we have chosen the substituted arylbismuth compounds (C6H4-CH═CH2-4)3Bi (2), (C6H4-OMe-4)3Bi (3), (C6H3-t-Bu2-3,5)3Bi (4) and (C6H3-t-Bu2-3,5)2BiCl (5). The structural analyses revealed that only two of them show London dispersion type bismuth···π arene

• dispersion energy donors in previous work. Keywords: arylbismuth compounds; DFT-D; dispersion type Bi···π arene interaction; DLPNO-CCSD(T); electronic structure calculations; polymorphism; single crystal X-ray structure; Introduction Although known for more than a century, the interest on metal···π arene

• intermolecular coordination [23][24]. Special attention was given to bismuth···π arene interaction by us including the formation of dimers and networks [1][25][26][27][28], and recently we reported a study on the effect of intermolecular dispersion type interaction on polymorphism and phase transition of

An overview of recent advances in duplex DNA recognition by small molecules

• Sayantan Bhaduri,
• Nihar Ranjan and
• Dev P. Arya

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 1051–1086, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.93

• programs due to their ability to act as gene expression inhibitors [5]. The recognition of DNA is both shape and sequence dependent as DNA polymorphism leads to significant changes in the groove structure. DNA is broadly categorized to possess three major forms: A, B and Z which differ from one another in

Mechanochemistry of nucleosides, nucleotides and related materials

• Olga Eguaogie,
• Joseph S. Vyle,
• Patrick F. Conlon,
• Manuela A. Gîlea and
• Yipei Liang

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 955–970, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.81

• ) which were agitated using a membrane valve [80]. Within three minutes, almost complete disruption of Gram-positive bacteria was effected enabling downstream analysis by quantitative PCR. Associative processes Variable drug bioavailability associated with crystal and co-crystal polymorphism can be

• . LAG of a 1:1 mixture of 5FU/4-hydroxybenzoic acid using a variety of liquids yielded co-crystals exhibiting polymorphism which was dependent upon the polarity of the added liquid [84]. Co-crystals of structurally-related carboxylic acids with 5FU prepared using LAG in a MBM in the presence of water

Adsorption of RNA on mineral surfaces and mineral precipitates

• Elisa Biondi,
• Yoshihiro Furukawa,
• Jun Kawai and
• Steven A. Benner

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 393–404, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.42

• RNA. Silicates, of course, are represented by a very large number of minerals, and this work examined only a very small fraction of these. We recently reported work examining the adsorption and stabilization of RNA on opal [23]. Polymorphism Another layer of complexity comes from the fact that the

• pair Ba–Mg and Sr–Ca could not be frozen and sliced due to their high lability; their autoradiograms were profiled instead for RNA localization (data not shown). Carbonate density: CaCO3 2.71 g/cm3 < MgCO3 2.96 g/cm3 < SrCO3 3.5 g/cm3 < BaCO3 4.29 g/cm3. RNA-induced calcium carbonate polymorphism. A

Computational methods in drug discovery

• Sumudu P. Leelananda and
• Steffen Lindert

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2016, 12, 2694–2718, doi:10.3762/bjoc.12.267

Effective in silico prediction of new oxazolidinone antibiotics: force field simulations of the antibiotic–ribosome complex supervised by experiment and electronic structure methods

• Jörg Grunenberg and
• Giuseppe Licari

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2016, 12, 415–428, doi:10.3762/bjoc.12.45

• a pronounced flexibility. It might therefore be misleading to focus on the solid state structures of available nucleotide/guest complexes alone [25]. A third obstacle is the intrinsic deficiency of empirical force fields especially for DNA/RNA structures (“force-field polymorphism”). A thorough

Star-shaped tetrathiafulvalene oligomers towards the construction of conducting supramolecular assembly

• Masahiko Iyoda and
• Masashi Hasegawa

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 1596–1613, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.175

• waves corresponding to the formation of 4410+ and 4420+. Trisubstituted 38 showed polymorphism and formed single crystals from CH2Cl2, whereas it produced a yellow fibrous material from CH2Cl2–hexane 1:4. X-ray diffractometry (XRD) exhibited that fiber 38 possesses a hexagonal columnar structure

Release of β-galactosidase from poloxamine/α-cyclodextrin hydrogels

• César A. Estévez,
• José Ramón Isasi,
• Eneko Larrañeta and
• Itziar Vélaz

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 3127–3135, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.330

• causing increased contact with the medium. Thus, the lactase activity data in acidic media for the commercial tablets could not be collected. The type of drug, its polymorphism, crystallinity, particle size and other factors can influence the release kinetics. A water-soluble drug incorporated into a

Self-assembled monolayers of shape-persistent macrocycles on graphite: interior design and conformational polymorphism

• Joscha Vollmeyer,
• Friederike Eberhagen,
• Sigurd Höger and
• Stefan-S. Jester

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 2774–2782, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.294

• -dimensional (2D) crystalline monolayer patterns are obtained by in situ scanning tunneling microscopy. A concentration-dependent conformational polymorphism is found, and open and more dense packing motifs are observed. For all three compounds alike lattice parameters are found, therefore the intermolecular

• macrocycle distances are mainly determined by their size and symmetry. This is an excellent example that the graphite acts as a template for the macrocycle organization independent from their specific interior. Keywords: conformational polymorphism; self-assembled monolayers; shape-persistent macrocycles

• 2D superstructures are not predictable [17] or show a conformational polymorphism [18], also as an effect of varying compound concentrations in the supernatant solution [19][20]. A recent approach investigating macrocycles of triangular, quadratic, pentagonal, and hexagonal shapes that carry alkoxy

Versatile synthesis of amino acid functionalized nucleosides via a domino carboxamidation reaction

• Vicky Gheerardijn,
• Jos Van den Begin and
• Annemieke Madder

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 2566–2572, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.268

• information. Only recently, the use of synthetic oligonucleotides and their modified analogues for a range of therapeutic and diagnostic purposes [1], including antisense therapy [2][3], antigene therapy [4][5] and SNP (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism) detection [6] has gained major interest. Due to their

Unusual polymorphism in new bent-shaped liquid crystals based on biphenyl as a central molecular core

• Anna Kovářová,
• Svatopluk Světlík,
• Václav Kozmík,
• Jiří Svoboda,
• Vladimíra Novotná,
• Damian Pociecha,
• Ewa Gorecka and
• Natalia Podoliak

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 794–807, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.75

• exhibit a rich polymorphism. Moreover, also reentrancy phenomenon has been observed, which means a less ordered phase appears below a more ordered one on cooling. The reentrancy of the SmCPA phase below an oblique columnar phase has been observed for 4-chlororesorcinol bent-shaped compounds [46]. In this

• (materials IIa–c) dramatically changes the character of the formed mesophases. While the material IIa exhibits only the B1 phase, rich polymorphism was found for its polyfluoroalkyl substituted analogue IIb, SmAP–SmCAPA–SmCG–SmCSPA phase sequence on cooling from the isotropic phase was observed. For

• , measured by X-ray in the B1Rev phase for several compounds at selected temperatures, T. Supporting Information Supporting Information File 206: Unusual polymorphism in new bent-shaped liquid crystals with hydroxybiphenylcarboxylic acid central unit. Acknowledgements This work was supported by grants P204

Thermotropic and lyotropic behaviour of new liquid-crystalline materials with different hydrophilic groups: synthesis and mesomorphic properties

• Alexej Bubnov,
• Miroslav Kašpar,
• Věra Hamplová,
• Ute Dawin and
• Frank Giesselmann

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2013, 9, 425–436, doi:10.3762/bjoc.9.45

• groups. For these types of compounds the thermotropic SmA and cubic phases have been detected. In addition, rich lyotropic polymorphism has also been found, namely cubic phases and lamellar phases as well as the lyotropic cholesteric phase [21][22][23]. An effort to identify the role of the hydroxy group

Laterally substituted symmetric and nonsymmetric salicylideneimine-based bent-core mesogens

• Sonja Findeisen-Tandel,
• Wolfgang Weissflog,
• Ute Baumeister,
• Gerhard Pelzl,
• H. N. Shreenivasa Murthy and
• Channabasaveshwar V. Yelamaggad

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2012, 8, 129–154, doi:10.3762/bjoc.8.15

• azomethine group (Schiff bases) often show interesting polymorphism. Relationships between molecular structure and the formation of banana phases have been summarized, together with the structure and the behaviour of these phases, in several reviews, see e.g., [8][9][10][11]. It is well-known that a hydroxy

Planar-bilayer activities of linear oligoester bolaamphiphiles

• Jonathan K. W. Chui,
• Thomas M. Fyles and
• Horace Luong

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2011, 7, 1562–1569, doi:10.3762/bjoc.7.184

• conformational freedom; a variety of aggregation states are accessible, and an anisotropic membrane presents different local environments and other time-dependent degrees of freedom, which can be aptly collected under the umbrella term “dynamic supramolecular polymorphism” [8]. A theoretical framework and tools