Cascade radical reaction of substrates with a carbon–carbon triple bond as a radical acceptor

• Hideto Miyabe,
• Ryuta Asada and
• Yoshiji Takemoto

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2013, 9, 1148–1155, doi:10.3762/bjoc.9.128

• 2002 that hydroxamic acid derivatives are useful achiral templates in enantioselective Diels–Alder reactions [69][70]. To study the effect of hydroxamate ester as an achiral template in the intermolecular radical reaction, our experiments began with the investigation of cascade radical addition

Multivalent display of the antimicrobial peptides BP100 and BP143

• Imma Güell,
• Rafael Ferre,
• Kasper K. Sørensen,
• Esther Badosa,
• Iteng Ng-Choi,
• Emilio Montesinos,
• Eduard Bardají,
• Lidia Feliu,
• Knud J. Jensen and
• Marta Planas

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2012, 8, 2106–2117, doi:10.3762/bjoc.8.237

• -1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology-CIDSAV-CeRTA, University of Girona, Campus Montilivi, 17071 Girona, Spain 10.3762/bjoc.8.237 Abstract Carbohydrates are considered as promising templates for the display of multiple copies of

• action of antimicrobial peptides, which are generally poorly understood. Several scaffolds, such as linear and cyclic peptides, alkyne-functionalized dendrimers, a branched lysine core, and also a polymaleic polymer, have been exploited as templates for the synthesis of multivalent antimicrobial peptides

• [18][19][20][21][22]. Carbohydrates are promising candidates as templates for the display of functional groups due to their inherent multifunctionality, the relative rigidity of their structure, and the ease of regioselective chemical manipulation [23][24][25]. Jensen and co-workers reported the

An efficient access to the synthesis of novel 12-phenylbenzo[6,7]oxepino[3,4-b]quinolin-13(6H)-one derivatives

• Wentao Gao,
• Guihai Lin,
• Yang Li,
• Xiyue Tao,
• Rui Liu and
• Lianjie Sun

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2012, 8, 1849–1857, doi:10.3762/bjoc.8.213

• tetracyclic quinoline systems on privileged templates have significant biological properties, such as antitumoral [5][6], anti-inflammatory [7], antimalarial [8], antituberculosis [9], and antiplasmodial [10] activities. Accordingly, the synthesis of new families of such quinoline systems still attracts much

Synthesis of trifunctional cyclo-β-tripeptide templates

• Frank Stein,
• Tahir Mehmood,
• Tilman Plass,
• Javid H. Zaidi and
• Ulf Diederichsen

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2012, 8, 1576–1583, doi:10.3762/bjoc.8.180

• The concept of template-assembled synthetic proteins (TASP) describes a central scaffold that predefines the three dimensional structure for diverse molecules linked to this platform. Cyclic β-tripeptides are interesting candidates for use as templates due to their conformationally defined structure

• (5) and the nucleobase moieties thymine-1-yl acetic acid (6) and (N4-benzyloxycarbonyl)cytosine-1-yl acetic acid (7) were attached to the cyclo-β-peptide yielding monofunctionalized templates 14, 10 and 12 (Figure 4). The second amino group was Fmoc-deprotected with 20% piperidine in DMF. Coupling of

Cyclodextrin nanosponge-sensitized enantiodifferentiating photoisomerization of cyclooctene and 1,3-cyclooctadiene

• Wenting Liang,
• Cheng Yang,
• Masaki Nishijima,
• Gaku Fukuhara,
• Tadashi Mori,
• Andrea Mele,
• Franca Castiglione,
• Fabrizio Caldera,
• Francesco Trotta and
• Yoshihisa Inoue

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2012, 8, 1305–1311, doi:10.3762/bjoc.8.149

• ], hydrogen-bonding templates [12], cyclodextrins [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] and serum albumins [22][23], have hitherto been employed to mediate chiral photoreactions. External factors, such as temperature [13], solvent [17], pressure [18] and irradiation wavelength [24], have also been found to

The use of glycoinformatics in glycochemistry

• Thomas Lütteke

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2012, 8, 915–929, doi:10.3762/bjoc.8.104

• templates in vaccine development [67][68][69][70], and glycomimetics that block specific enzymes or lectins can be used for therapeutic purposes [71][72][73][74][75][76][77]. The Glycan Pathway Prediction (GPP) tool of the RINGS portal [78] can be used to predict glycans that can be obtained with a given

• peaks that are observed in a spectrum are compared to theoretically derived fragment masses that are computed from glycan structures stored in a carbohydrate database. This approach, however, is limited by the content of the database that provides the templates for in silico fragmentation, which means

Multistep organic synthesis of modular photosystems

• Naomi Sakai and
• Stefan Matile

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2012, 8, 897–904, doi:10.3762/bjoc.8.102

• central naphthalenediimide (NDI) [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] to act as a template for the central stack and two peripheral NDIs to act as templates for stack exchange. They are embedded into hydrogen-bonded networks, to assure self-organization, and four geminal

• independent of the thickness of the photosystem. Control experiments revealed that in the case of initiators without extra NDI templates, the yield drops to 40% for thin photosystems and further decreases with increasing thickness to an irrelevant 25%. This significant difference demonstrates the central

(How) does 1,3,5-triethylbenzene scaffolding work? Analyzing the abilities of 1,3,5-triethylbenzene- and 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene-based scaffolds to preorganize the binding elements of supramolecular hosts and to improve binding of targets

• Xing Wang and
• Fraser Hof

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2012, 8, 1–10, doi:10.3762/bjoc.8.1

• Xing Wang Fraser Hof University of Victoria, Department of Chemistry, Victoria, BC, V8W 3V6, Canada 10.3762/bjoc.8.1 Abstract 1,3,5-triethylbenzenes have been widely used as supramolecular templates to organize molecular-recognition elements. It is believed that the steric-gearing effect of the

• 1,3,5-triethylbenzene (1Et) and 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene (1Me) templates in a single system is very rare (see below), which raises some questions: To what extent do ethyl substituents improve the binding properties of a host? To what extent do methyl substituents improve the binding properties of a host

Use of mixed Li/K metal TMP amide (LiNK chemistry) for the synthesis of [2.2]metacyclophanes

• Marco Blangetti,
• Patricia Fleming and
• Donal F. O'Shea

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2011, 7, 1249–1254, doi:10.3762/bjoc.7.145

• interest notably as planar chiral scaffolds for asymmetric catalysis [9][10][11][12][13]. Surprisingly, the [2.2]metacyclophanes, which also have the potential to be exploited as planar chiral templates, have received scant attention since the seminal reports of Schlögl in the early 1970s [14][15][16]. One

Intraannular photoreactions in pseudo-geminally substituted [2.2]paracyclophanes

• Henning Hopf,
• Vitaly Raev and
• Peter G. Jones

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2011, 7, 658–667, doi:10.3762/bjoc.7.78

• strategy is to transfer the topochemical control from the solid state to a homogeneous solution using suitable templates. Such reactions are easier to analyze, design, and optimize. Templated photochemistry in solution is possible if the photoreactive moieties can be brought into suitable positions for

Supramolecular FRET photocyclodimerization of anthracenecarboxylate with naphthalene-capped γ-cyclodextrin

• Qian Wang,
• Cheng Yang,
• Gaku Fukuhara,
• Tadashi Mori,
• Yu Liu and
• Yoshihisa Inoue

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2011, 7, 290–297, doi:10.3762/bjoc.7.38

• ) 3 are chiral (Scheme 1). This chiral photoreaction turned out to be an ideal benchmark system for exploring and comparing the performance of various chiral hosts, such as cyclodextrins (CDs), proteins and chiral hydrogen-bonding templates. γ-CD can significantly accelerate the photocyclodimerization

Syntheses and properties of thienyl-substituted dithienophenazines

• Annemarie Meyer,
• Eva Sigmund,
• Friedhelm Luppertz,
• Gregor Schnakenburg,
• Immanuel Gadaczek,
• Thomas Bredow,
• Stefan-S. Jester and
• Sigurd Höger

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2010, 6, 1180–1187, doi:10.3762/bjoc.6.135

• well as cyclic and polycyclic thiophenes are valuable templates for the epitaxial coadsorption of adlayers, in particular for fullerenes and metallacycles [14][15][16][17]. Results and Discussion Here we report the syntheses of two isomeric benzodithiophenediones, their respective phenazines and their

Miniemulsion polymerization as a versatile tool for the synthesis of functionalized polymers

• Daniel Crespy and
• Katharina Landfester

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2010, 6, 1132–1148, doi:10.3762/bjoc.6.130

• for photolithographic applications [36], magnetite [37], and as templates for the mineralization on the surface of particles [38]. Ethirajan et al. showed, for instance, that it was possible to use the surface of nanoparticles with carboxylate groups and calcium counterions to mineralize

Organic gelators and hydrogelators

• Jean-Pierre Desvergne

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2010, 6, 846–847, doi:10.3762/bjoc.6.99

• nanoobject conception. Thus, owing to their non-conventional behaviour, low molecular weight gelators are very attractive for applications in various areas, including supramolecular templates or matrices, transport and release of drugs, art conservation, cosmetics, sensors, optoelectronics, actuators, etc

Concise methods for the synthesis of chiral polyoxazolines and their application in asymmetric hydrosilylation

• Wei Jie Li,
• Zun Le Xu and
• Sheng Xiang Qiu

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2010, 6, No. 29, doi:10.3762/bjoc.6.29

• prepare enantiomerically pure compounds; in particular, a range of mono- and bisoxazolines have been widely used as effective templates for metal-catalyzed asymmetric reactions over the last 30 years [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. Previously, polyoxazoline ligands were reported to have good

• –7) are described, which are much simpler and more efficient in comparison to those reported in the literature. With these chiral ligands as templates, the rhodium-catalyzed asymmetric hydrosilylation of aromatic ketones was carried out. The effects of the linkers of oxazoline rings and the

Templated versus non-templated synthesis of benzo-21-crown-7 and the influence of substituents on its complexing properties

• Wei Jiang and
• Christoph A. Schalley

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2010, 6, No. 14, doi:10.3762/bjoc.6.14

• structures [1][2][3][4] are attractive to chemists not only because they are aesthetically appealing but also due to their potential applications in molecular machines and smart materials [5][6][7][8][9]. Although a few covalent templates are known [10][11][12], their synthesis most often makes use of non

• -covalent templates [13][14][15][16], for which quite a number of different binding motifs are available that make the synthesis of many diverse and complex interlocked structures possible. Among these, the threaded interaction of secondary ammonium ions with larger crown ethers is a prominent example [17

Synthesis of rigidified flavin–guanidinium ion conjugates and investigation of their photocatalytic properties

• Harald Schmaderer,
• Mouchumi Bhuyan and
• Burkhard König

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2009, 5, No. 26, doi:10.3762/bjoc.5.26

• ] derivatives have been used as sterically defined templates enhancing the efficiency and selectivity of photoreactions [32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43]. Flavins with geometrically defined substrate binding sites have not been reported so far and we expected that the close vicinity of substrate

Stereoselective α-fluoroamide and α-fluoro- γ-lactone synthesis by an asymmetric zwitterionic aza-Claisen rearrangement

• Kenny Tenza,
• Julian S. Northen,
• David O'Hagan and
• Alexandra M. Z. Slawin

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2005, 1, No. 13, doi:10.1186/1860-5397-1-13

• amines, to offer an alternative strategy to α-fluorocarbonyl compounds. Such products can be converted to γ-lactones by straightforward iodolactonisation.[14] γ-Lactones are a ubiquitious motif found in many natural product sand they are also useful templates for the synthesis of a wide range of bio