Molecular tweezer–peptide conjugates disrupt the protein–protein interaction between survivin and histone H3 essential in mitosis

• Catherine Gsell,
• Philipp Rebmann,
• Karina Opara,
• Christine Beuck,
• Peter Bayer,
• David Bier,
• Ingrid R. Vetter and
• Thomas Schrader

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2026, 22, 557–567, doi:10.3762/bjoc.22.41

• complex. A) Lewis structure of the truncated tweezer peptide monophosphate 2b. B) Close-up of the binding motif formed by 2b (tweezer: green, butynyl ester: red) on the survivin surface encapsulating Lys-121 after MD simulation (Desmond, 100 ns, 300 K, 0.15 mM NaCl) using explicit water solvent. A

Experimental and DFT studies on the regioselective methanolysis of 5-azido-9-oxabicyclo[6.1.0]nonan-4-yl 4-nitrobenzoate isomers

• İlknur Polat,
• Selçuk Eşsiz and
• Emine Salamci

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2026, 22, 547–556, doi:10.3762/bjoc.22.40

• accordance with those reported in the literature [22]. (1S*,8S*,Z)-8-Azidocyclooct-4-en-1-ol (7) Cyclooctene monoepoxide 6 (2.00 g, 16.11 mmol) was dissolved in a 3:2 mixture of ethanol/water (80 mL). NaN3 (6.28 g, 96.60 mmol) and NH4Cl (1.72 g, 32.16 mmol) were added and the reaction mixture was refluxed

• . The progress was monitored by TLC and the reaction was completed in 36 hours. The solvent was removed by rotary evaporation, 30 mL water was added to the residue and the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (4 × 25 mL). The combined organic phases were dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated in vacuo

• × 25 mL) and water (2 × 30 mL), dried over Na2SO4, and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was purified by chromatography on a silica gel column eluting with EtOAc/hexane 20:80 to give pure azido benzoate 8 (0.90 g, 2.85 mmol, 95%). The azido benzoate 8 was recrystallized from EtOAc/hexane to give

Melifoliox B, a novel phloroglucin derivative isolated from Melicope barbigera (Rutaceae) and synthesis of new oxidation products from melifoliones A and B

• Horst Weber,
• Kim-Thao Tran-Cong,
• Bernhard Mayer,
• Guido J. Reiss,
• Iryna S. Konovalova,
• Marc S. Appelhans,
• Kenneth R. Wood and
• Claus M. Passreiter

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2026, 22, 535–546, doi:10.3762/bjoc.22.39

• -trihydroxyacetophenone (3.7 g, 20 mmol), citral (3.2 g, 21 mmol) and pyridine (1.6 g, 20 mmol) was heated with stirring in a water bath at max. 60 °C for 8 h. After cooling to room temperature, the reaction mixture was diluted with 200 mL diethyl ether and extracted with 0.1 N H2SO4 (3 × 20 mL) to remove the pyridine

• . Successive extraction with 0.1 N NaOH (5 × 20 mL) afforded a clear alkaline water phase that was acidified with dilute sulfuric acid and extracted with diethyl ether (5 × 20 mL). The organic phase was washed with water, dried over MgSO4, filtered and evaporated under reduced pressure to give 3,1 g (51.2%) of

• tube and heated in a microwave apparatus (CEM, model DISCOVER, power 300 Watt) up to 140 °C for 20 minutes. After cooling to room temperature, the reaction mixture was dissolved in 200 mL diethyl ether. This solution was washed with 0.1 N NaOH (3 × 20 mL) and water (1 × 20 mL), dried over MgSO4

Get a better glimpse on sequential photoreactions of trisnorbornadienes with ¹⁹F NMR spectroscopy

• Julian Felix Maria Hebborn,
• Ben Eric Merten,
• Thomas Paululat and
• Heiko Ihmels

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2026, 22, 527–534, doi:10.3762/bjoc.22.38

• , and elemental analysis. Norbornadiene 1f is well soluble in alkanes, chlorinated and aromatic solvents, whereas it is hardly soluble in polar protic solvents and MeCN and insoluble in water. The absorption spectra of 1f were recorded in MeCN, cyclohexane, MeOH, ethyl acetate, THF, CH2Cl2, CHCl3, and

Synthesis and uranyl(VI) extraction performance of a calix[4]pyrrole–tetrahydroxamic acid receptor

• Sara Karnib,
• Rana Baydoun,
• Wissam Zaidan,
• Nancy AlHaddad,
• Omar El Samad,
• Bilal Nsouli,
• Francine Cazier-Dennin and
• Pierre-Edouard Danjou

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2026, 22, 486–494, doi:10.3762/bjoc.22.36

• Lebanese Atomic Energy Commission, National Council for Scientific Research CNRS –L, P.O. Box: 11-8281, Riad el soleh, 1107 2260, Beirut, Lebanon 10.3762/bjoc.22.36 Abstract The contamination of water by uranium poses a serious threat to ecosystems and human health, creating a need for efficient and

• corresponding hydroxamic acid, with no detectable acid-derived by-products. Solubility tests revealed that PCP HA is soluble exclusively in highly polar aprotic solvents (DMSO, DMF) and remains completely insoluble in other common organic solvents (chloroform, ether, etc.) and water. The absence of ligand

• leaching into water was confirmed by depositing a drop of the aqueous supernatant on a TLC plate, which showed no formation of the characteristic red iron-hydroxamate complex upon treatment with FeCl3. These physicochemical properties precluded standard liquid–liquid extraction but were suitable for a

Synthesis of a HDAC inhibitor–nanogold probe for cryo-EM visualization in class I HDAC co-repressor complexes

• Wiktoria A. Pytel,
• John W. R. Schwabe and
• James T. Hodgkinson

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2026, 22, 480–485, doi:10.3762/bjoc.22.35

• , and was stable for days stored at −20 °C (stability determined by 1H NMR, Figures S1–S4 in Supporting Information File 1). For the conjugation of 9 to Au–NH2, an excess of 9 was used to drive the conjugation reaction to completion. Unreacted 9 was then removed by repeated washing with water and buffer

Structural reassignment of compound 968, an allosteric glutaminase inhibitor

• Lindsey A. Albertelli,
• Sainabou Jallow,
• Chun Li and
• Scott M. Ulrich

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2026, 22, 455–460, doi:10.3762/bjoc.22.33

• -dimethylaminobenzaldehyde 4-Dimethylaminobenzaldehyde (4.02 g, 26.9 mmol) was dissolved in 1,4-dioxane (52 mL) and NBS (5.01 g, 28.2 mmol) was added in small portions with stirring over 5 minutes. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 20 minutes then poured into 50 mL water. The mixture was diluted with

• EtOAc (70 mL), which was separated and washed with water (3 × 50 mL). The organic layer was dried with anhydrous MgSO4, filtered, and the solvent removed by rotary evaporation to yield 3-bromo-4-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde as a thick gold oil (5.49 g, 89%). 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 9.78 (s, 1H), 8.01 (m

Synthesis and anti-cancer activity of naphthalimide–organylselanyl conjugates

• Rajkumar Ravi and
• Selvakumar Karuthapandi

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2026, 22, 416–435, doi:10.3762/bjoc.22.29

• washed twice with water (20 mL) and brine (20 mL). The organic layer was dried over anhydrous MgSO₄, and the solution was concentrated under reduced pressure. Slow evaporation of the solvent followed by the addition of methanol afforded the desired compound 10 as a white solid with a yield of 1.2 g, 53

• with water (20 mL) and brine (20 mL). The organic layer was dried with anhydrous MgSO4, filtered and the solvent was evaporated under vacuum. Petroleum ether was added to the residue and triturated. The solid was filtered, affording white amine 11 (500 mg, 48%). mp: 95–97 °C; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ

• 1.5 h. Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) was used to track the reaction progress. Upon completion of the reaction, ice-cold water was used to quench the reaction mixture, and the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate. After two water and brine washes, the organic layer was dried over anhydrous

Cone p-aminocalix[4]arenes enriched with ‘clickable’ alkyne or azide functionalities

• Ilia Korniltsev,
• Vasily Bazhenov,
• Alexander Gorbunov,
• Dmitry Cheshkov,
• Stanislav Bezzubov,
• Vladimir Kovalev and
• Ivan Vatsouro

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2026, 22, 399–415, doi:10.3762/bjoc.22.28

• ]. (Multi)calix[4]arenes having (dialkyl)amino groups at the wide rims are soluble in aqueous media at physiological pHs and may be used in protein sensing [18], DNA binding/recognition [19][20][21][22][23], and cell transfection [24][25][26]. Their water-soluble guanidinium derivatives are also

• units formed via two-fold CuAAC macrocyclizations [86][87]. We have also developed a straightforward approach to the functionalization of water-soluble p-sulfonatocalix[4]arenes by their enrichment with propargyl groups at the narrow rims followed by CuAAC reactions with various azides [88]. Inspired by

• closed vessel to prevent the product oxidation. At the work-up step sodium hydroxide was replaced with potassium hydroxide which provided better water solubility of inorganic salts for their extractive removal. As a result, tetraamine 18 having four TBS-protected propargyl groups at the narrow rim was

Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of 2,5-diaryloxazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidin-7-ylamines as selective cytotoxic agents against HeLa cells

• Maryna V. Kachaeva,
• Agnieszka B. Olejniczak,
• Marta Denel-Bobrowska,
• Victor V. Zhirnov,
• Yevheniia S. Velihina,
• Stepan G. Pilyo and
• Volodymyr S. Brovarets

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2026, 22, 390–398, doi:10.3762/bjoc.22.27

• pairs) can increase water solubility and facilitate salt formation. Introducing amino groups into heterocycles can have a significant impact on the anticancer activity of a compound [4][5]. Many studies have investigated the anticancer potential of heterocycle derivatives containing cytisine, glucamine

• combination of the [1,3]oxazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidin-7-amine fragment (structures A and B) with cytisine, glucamine, and aminoethylamine represents a promising strategy for the rational design of multifunctional hybrids with improved biological activity, water solubility, lower toxicity and target engagement

• removed in vacuo, the residue was treated with water, and the solid precipitate was filtered off and dried. The formed compounds 1–9 were purified by crystallization from acetonitrile [17]. Spectral data Analytical and spectral data, IR, 1H, 13C NMR and LC–MS spectra of compounds 1–9 are given in

Dialkylaminoalkylation of β-ketosulfones via ring-opening of 3-sulfonylpyrrolidines

• Evgeny M. Buev,
• Alexander V. Pavlushin,
• Vladimir S. Moshkin and
• Vyacheslav Y. Sosnovskikh

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2026, 22, 383–389, doi:10.3762/bjoc.22.26

• extraction or column chromatography. On the other hand, upon performing the reaction with amines in acetonitrile we did not observe the formation of benzamides. Presumably, debenzoylation occurred in basic media with water traces and cesium benzoate was discarded upon work-up. The presumable mechanism of the

• domino-process consists in nucleophilic addition of the alcohol, mercaptan or water (in case the reaction was performed in CH3CN) at the benzoyl group (Scheme 3). The subsequent ring-opening of the pyrrolidine ring can proceed via two possible pathways. First path is the tandem Grob-type fragmentation

Recent advances in the cleavage of non-activated amides

• Eun-Sol Choi and
• Hyo-Jun Lee

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2026, 22, 352–369, doi:10.3762/bjoc.22.23

• that coordination of the amide oxygen to the Lewis-acidic sites of Nb activates the amide toward nucleophilic attack. Simultaneously, water is pre-adsorbed on the basic oxygen sites of Nb2O5, enabling nucleophilic attack on the activated carbonyl center (D). Following amine release from the resulting

• 1), addition of water affords adduct M, which subsequently converts to the ester via deprotonation. In dry solvents (path 2), nucleophilic attack by the departing OSO₂F− anion on L produces intermediate N, containing an S–O bond that is ultimately cleaved under basic conditions to yield the ester

• 86% yield. Mechanistic studies indicated that the pyrrolidine-based amide 73 reacts with iodonium salt 67 to form an imidate triflate intermediate U, which was isolated and characterized by NMR and HRMS. Subsequent hydrolysis via water attack affords the trifluoroethyl ester. This strategy also

Ring contraction and ring expansion reactions in terpenoid biosynthesis and their application to total synthesis

• Nicolas Kratena,
• Nicolas Heinzig and
• Peter Gärtner

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2026, 22, 289–343, doi:10.3762/bjoc.22.21

• carbocation 29d, according to the mechanistic proposal by Coates [81]. By interception of the cation with water we arrive at presilphiperfolan-8β-ol (31) Dickschat and co-workers reported an example for a ring contraction during the biosynthesis of sodorifen (32) [82]. The cyclisation is triggered by the C

• reactive pathway consists of an alkene isomerisation from the propenyl-substituent at C-5, followed by protonation of the C-7 alcohol to give intermediate 116a. From here a transannular cyclopropanation affords the cation 116b, which upon nucleophilic attack of water provides 116c. Expulsion of acetone

• cation by water and protonation of the enolate, delivers the rearranged natural product 119. An interesting C-ring-expanded triterpenoid was isolated from Duboscia macrocarpa in 2010 and named duboscic acid (121) [177][178]. It was biogenetically traced back to the oleane precursor 120 and proposed to be

Spirobarbiturates with a pyrrolizidine moiety: synthesis, structure and biological evaluation

• Arthur A. Puzyrkov,
• Andrew S. Drachuk,
• Ekaterina A. Popova,
• Alexander V. Stepakov and
• Vitali M. Boitsov

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2026, 22, 274–288, doi:10.3762/bjoc.22.20

• sensitive to water presence in the system. It is worth noting that in all cases, a side reaction was observed between alloxan (1) and α-amino acid 2, leading to the formation of murexide via Strecker degradation (Scheme S1, Supporting Information File 1) [53]. This side reaction resulted in decreased yields

• contacts: the barbiturate ring forms hydrogen bonds with water molecules through C=O···H–O and N–H···O–H interactions; the amide group of the barbiturate ring is engaged in a C=O···H–N hydrogen bond with the carbonyl oxygen of the maleimide fragment; additionally, a C=O···H–CH2 contact is observed between

• the hydrogen atom of the maleimide methyl group and the carbonyl oxygen of an adjacent maleimide ring. The crystal structure of compound 4b exists as a solvate. The oxygen atom of a water molecule forms a hydrogen bond with the amide hydrogen of the barbiturate fragment (N–H···O–H = 2.783 Å), while

A mild and atom-efficient four-component cascade strategy for the construction of biologically relevant 4-hydroxyquinolin-2(1H)-one derivatives

• Dmitrii A. Grishin,
• Kseniia I. Sharkovskaia,
• Ilya G. Kolmakov,
• Daria A. Ipatova,
• Rostislav A. Petrov,
• Nikolai D. Dagaev,
• Dmitry A. Skvortsov,
• Maria G. Khrenova,
• Valeriy V. Andreychev,
• Sergei A. Evteev,
• Yan A. Ivanenkov,
• Roman L. Antipin,
• Olga А. Dontsova and
• Elena K. Beloglazkina

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2026, 22, 244–256, doi:10.3762/bjoc.22.18

• subsequent conversion into isopropyl and cyclohexyl esters. Cytotoxicity and antibacterial activity Selected synthesized compounds were evaluated for their antibacterial activity and cytotoxicity. The compounds exhibited poor water solubility but were readily soluble in DMSO. Experimental details are

Conformational analysis of difluoromethylornithine: factors influencing its gas-phase and bioactive conformations

• Matheus P. Freitas

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2026, 22, 237–243, doi:10.3762/bjoc.22.17

• minimize gauche C–F interactions [13][14][15][16][17][18]. It is also noteworthy that the zwitterionic form of DFMO dissociates upon gas-phase optimization, whereas the non-zwitterionic form in implicit water, modeled using the solvation model density (SMD), remains stable in a type-I conformation, with

• active site in crystallographic studies. In this environment, the fluorine atoms do not engage in favorable contacts with residues or water molecules. Instead, the geometry is dictated by interactions involving the NH₂ and COOH groups, yielding a bioconformation similar to arrangement II. Specifically

• , the NH₂ group forms a hydrogen bond with ASP183, and the carboxylate interacts with ASN130 (Figure 3), with additional hydrogen bonds to water molecules. Consequently, intermolecular interactions dominate and override the intramolecular forces responsible for the gauche effect in the isolated molecule

Configuration–packing synergy enabling integrated crystalline-state RTP and amorphous-state TADF

• Ruiyan Wang and
• Yunan Wu

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2026, 22, 224–236, doi:10.3762/bjoc.22.16

• was cooled to room temperature, and the solvent was removed by pouring the solution into 300 mL of water. This caused the formation of a precipitate, which was collected by suction filtration. The collected solid was dried to remove any remaining moisture. To ensure the product was of high purity, the

• sulfate (Na2SO4) to remove any traces of water. The dried solution was then filtered to remove the drying agent and concentrated under reduced pressure to remove the solvent. The resulting crude product was purified by column chromatography using a 1:2 volume ratio of dichloromethane and n-hexane. The

Synthesis of diaryl phosphates using phytic acid as a phosphorus source

• Kazuya Asao,
• Seika Matsumoto,
• Haruka Mori,
• Riku Yoshimura,
• Takeshi Sasaki,
• Naoya Hirata,
• Yasuyuki Hayakawa and
• Shin-ichi Kawaguchi

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2026, 22, 213–223, doi:10.3762/bjoc.22.15

• Research, Saga University, 152-1 Shonan-cho, Karatsu, Saga 847-0021, Japan Nippon Concrete Industries Co., Ltd., 4-6-14 Shibaura, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8560, Japan 10.3762/bjoc.22.15 Abstract Phytic acid is a phosphorus-rich molecule, which is produced by plants using water-soluble phosphates absorbed from

• produced by plants using water-soluble phosphates absorbed from soil and stored as a phosphorus source in their bodies. Rice bran accounts for 10% of rice weight and contains approximately 6 g phytic acid/100 g rice bran [1][2][3]. Phytic acid has a structure, in which six phosphoric acid molecules

• stopcock for water removal. The reaction conditions for this synthesis procedure were based on the results of our previous study dedicated to the esterification of phosphoric acid and phenols [15] (see Scheme 2). Under the optimized reaction conditions in our previous work, the reaction yield of phosphate

Base-promoted deacylation of 2-acetyl-2,5-dihydrothiophenes and their oxygen-mediated hydroxylation

• Vladimir G. Ilkin,
• Margarita Likhacheva,
• Igor V. Trushkov,
• Tetyana V. Beryozkina,
• Vera S. Berseneva,
• Vladimir T. Abaev,
• Wim Dehaen and
• Vasiliy A. Bakulev

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2026, 22, 192–204, doi:10.3762/bjoc.22.13

• presence of sodium ethoxide prepared from 1 equiv of sodium. After the reaction had completed, the reaction solution was concentrated under reduced pressure and the residue was quenched with water and extracted with dichloromethane (DCM). Centrifugation of the concentrated extract in Et2O afforded a

• yield (21%, Table 1, entry 2). When acid (HCl) was added after quenching the residue with water, the yields of products 2a and 3a were increased (30 and 35%, Table 1, entry 3). The selective formation of 2-hydroxy-2,5-dihydrothiophene 2a in 41% yield was achieved when using 5 equiv of sodium and 0.25 mL

• residue with water resulted in an increase in the product yield (74%, Table 2, entry 5). Increasing the amount of sodium up to 10 equiv resulted in a decrease of the yield of the product 5a (61%, Table 2, entry 6). Thus, the optimized conditions for the synthesis of dihydrothiophene 5a were found to be

Improved synthesis and physicochemical characterization of the selective serotonin 2A receptor agonist 25CN-NBOH

• Adrian G. Rossebø,
• Hannah G. Kolberg,
• Anders E. Tønder,
• Louise Kjaerulff,
• Poul Erik Hansen,
• Karla A. Frydenvang,
• Jesper Østergaard and
• Jesper L. Kristensen

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2026, 22, 175–184, doi:10.3762/bjoc.22.11

• ). Notably, the crystal structure shows that there are no water molecules of crystallization present, nor are any other solvent molecules incorporated into the crystal packing. When comparing the diffractogram obtained by SCXRD (Figure 3, green) with that obtained by X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) of 1·HCl

• ·HCl in ultrapure water (blue), gave comparable diffractograms, indicating the presence of a single polymorph. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) showed a sharp endothermic peak corresponding to a melting point of 219.0 ± 0.1 °C (with ΔfusH = 50.4 ± 1.1 kJ/mol) for 1·HCl (Figure 4), and

• in water of 8.5 ± 0.3 mg/mL, leading to a solution with a pH of 6.24 ± 0.01. However, the kinetic solubility appears low; when preparing a solution of 5 mg/mL, the container must be shaken for several minutes. Previously, we reported the solubility of 1 in buffer at pH 7.4 to be 0.4 mg/mL, which is

A new synthesis of Tyrian purple (6,6’-dibromoindigo) and its corresponding sulfonate salts

• Holly Helmers,
• Mark Horton,
• Julie Concepcion,
• Jeffrey Bjorklund and
• Nicholas C. Boaz

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2026, 22, 167–174, doi:10.3762/bjoc.22.10

• advantages of inexpensive starting reagents, operationally simple reactions, and minimal purification of intermediates. Moreover, this work reports the successful sulfonation of 6,6’-dibromoindigo, producing water-soluble derivatives of this historically relevant dye. Keywords: 6,6’-dibromoindigo; dye

• similar analogues, using 3 as a key intermediate. Furthermore, we were interested in producing a water-soluble derivative of 1, much like indigo carmine was developed as a water-soluble derivative of indigo. Several syntheses of 3 have been reported, but the most common method involves the selective

• ][17]. In this work, we describe a more direct, chromium-free synthesis of 1 using inexpensive p-bromotoluene (5), as a starting material, which is also suitable for obtaining similar analogs. Moreover, we describe the sulfonation of 1, which yields a water-soluble dye similar in properties to indigo

Design and synthesis of an axially chiral platinum(II) complex and its CPL properties in PMMA matrix

• Daiki Tauchi,
• Sota Ogura,
• Misa Sakura,
• Kazunori Tsubaki and
• Masashi Hasegawa

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2026, 22, 143–150, doi:10.3762/bjoc.22.7

• %. Synthesis of S/R-3 Under an argon atmosphere. S-2 (197 mg, 0.389 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (1.7 mL) was treated with a dropwise addition of 1 M TBAF solution (16.7 mL, 16.7mmol), and the resulting solution was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. After the addition of water, the mixture was extracted

• . Under an argon atmosphere, a mixture of R-3 (16 mg, 0.043 mmol), 4 (39 mg, 0.084 mmol), and CuI (2.4 mg, 0.013 mmol ) were dissolved in degassed dichloromethane (10 mL) and diisopropylamine (10 mL). The reaction mixture was refluxed for 28 hours. After cooling to room temperature, water was added, and

Symmetrical D–π–A–π–D indanone dyes: a new design for nonlinear optics and cyanide detection

• Ergin Keleş,
• Alberto Barsella,
• Nurgül Seferoğlu,
• Zeynel Seferoğlu and
• Burcu Aydıner

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2026, 22, 131–142, doi:10.3762/bjoc.22.6

• are in the range of 254–339 °C. The mass loss between 0 and 150 °C indicates the presence of water or an organic solvent in the structure of compound 2b. The Td values of the dyes are generally resistant to moderate to high temperatures. This result supports their potential use as optical dyes

Total synthesis of natural products based on hydrogenation of aromatic rings

• Haoxiang Wu and
• Xiangbing Qi

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2026, 22, 88–122, doi:10.3762/bjoc.22.4

• be noted that in the presence of water, the reaction would undergo transamination with the pyridinium nitrogen moiety while inducing chirality on the ring. Hydrogenation of carbocyclic aromatic rings: In 2021, Andersson and co-workers reported a rhodium-catalyst precursor capable of operating in both

Advances in Zr-mediated radical transformations and applications to total synthesis

• Hiroshige Ogawa and
• Hugh Nakamura

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2026, 22, 71–87, doi:10.3762/bjoc.22.3

• Hiroshige Ogawa Hugh Nakamura The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Clear Water Bay, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China 10.3762/bjoc.22.3 Abstract Radical reactions, which have been reported in large numbers in recent years, have exerted major influence across fields