Nanocarrier-integrated multilayer films produced by 3D printing for improved skin adhesion and curcumin photostability

• Thayse Viana de Oliveira,
• Ana Paula Farias Leão,
• Júlia Leão,
• Cesar Liberato Petzhold and
• Ruy Carlos Ruver Beck

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 440–453, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.30

• for the present study. Some hydrogels were prepared solely for comparative purposes and were used during the characterisation step. Chitosan was the polymer used to produce the hydrogel for the bottom layer of the film. This natural polymer was initially mixed with glycerine in a porcelain mortar, and

• biological activity and therapeutic efficacy [52]. Therefore, protection of curcumin from the effects of UV light exposure is an important step toward the development of successful therapies. Although UVC light is not encountered in natural sunlight, its use in this study was intentional as a stringent

Biomimetic nanoparticles in cancer photodynamic therapy: a review of targeted delivery systems and therapeutic outcomes

• Valentina I. Gorbacheva,
• Alexey S. Grabovoy,
• Polina S. Marukhina,
• Anastasiia O. Syrocheva and
• Ekaterina P. Kolesova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 396–422, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.27

• pivotal step that directly influences the overall therapeutic outcome of PDT. The success of PDT hinges not only on the intrinsic photochemical properties of the PS but also on its effective delivery to the tumor site, stability during circulation, bioavailability within the TME, and ability to be

Eco-efficient materials for agricultural crops based on a mineral rich in MOR- and HEU-type zeolites

• Esperanza Yamile de la Nuez-Pantoja,
• Inocente Rodríguez-Iznaga,
• Gerardo Rodríguez-Fuentes,
• Vitalii Petranovskii,
• Ariel Martínez García,
• José Juan Calvino Gámez and
• Daniel Goma Jiménez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 381–395, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.26

• spectrophotometer. The KBr tablet formation method was used with a KBr/sample ratio of 100:1. Powder XRD patterns were obtained on a Philips Xpert MPD diffractometer in the range from 2° to 60° using copper radiation (λ = 1.5406 Å), a speed of 2°/min, and a step of 0.05 s. For SEM studies, an FEI Nova Nano SEM 450

Polycatecholamine nanocoatings on stainless steel: the effect on attachment of human fibroblasts and platelets

• Paulina Trzaskowska,
• Ewa Rybak,
• Maciej Trzaskowski,
• Kamil Kopeć,
• Jakub Krzemiński,
• Rafał Podgórski,
• Hatice Genc,
• Mehtap Civelek and
• Iwona Cicha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 365–380, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.25

• aggregates stabilized by charge transfer, hydrogen bonding and π–π stacking interactions [12][27][28]. Mechanistic studies indicate that the first step of ʟ-tyrosine polymerization involves hydroxylation of the aromatic ring at the C3 position [12][28][29], after which the pathway resembles dopamine

Ferroelectric nanodot reservoir for neuromorphic computing

• Anna Razumnaya,
• Yuri Tikhonov,
• Dmitrii Naidenko,
• Léo Boron,
• Valerii Vinokur and
• Igor Lukyanchuk

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 352–364, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.24

• ] = 132 are applied through common top and bottom electrodes, initializing the array into an initial reproducible state. Then, during signal processing, the field E is allowed to evolve in discrete steps, randomly increasing or decreasing by one unit, within a bounded range (−n to +n). At each step, the

Beam shaping techniques for pulsed laser ablation in liquids: Unlocking tunable control of nanoparticle synthesis in liquids

• Sergio Molina-Prados,
• Nadezhda M. Bulgakova,
• Alexander V. Bulgakov,
• Jesus Lancis,
• Gladys Mínguez Vega and
• Carlos Doñate-Buendia

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 309–342, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.22

Fast vortex dynamics and relaxation times in NbRe-based heterostructures

• Francesco De Chiara,
• Zahra Makhdoumi Kakhaki,
• Francesco Avitabile,
• Francesco Colangelo,
• Abhishek Kumar,
• Carmine Attanasio and
• Carla Cirillo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 292–302, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.20

• deposition rates were later calibrated ex situ using a Bruker Dektak XT stylus profilometer by measuring step heights in samples. In the NbRe/Au sample, the NbRe layer has a thickness = 20 nm, while = 15 nm in the NbRe/Py sample. The corresponding Au and Py layers are dAu = 5 nm and dPy = 4 nm. Given the

Advancing nanolithography: a comprehensive review of materials for local anodic oxidation with AFM

• Matteo Lorenzoni

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 275–291, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.19

• facilitate effective LAO. A study by Tominov et al. [18] introduced forming-free titanium oxide-based memristive nanostructures created through AFM-assisted local oxidation. This work demonstrates the fabrication of nanoscale resistive switching devices while eliminating the need for the electroforming step

Durable antimicrobial activity of fabrics functionalized with zeolite ion-exchanged nanomaterials against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli

• Perla Sánchez-López,
• Kendra Ramirez Acosta,
• Sergio Fuentes Moyado,
• Ruben Dario Cadena-Nava and
• Elena Smolentseva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 262–274, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.18

• ionic gelation method and exhaustion, followed by the pad–dry–cure method in the second step. The antibacterial properties of the coated fabric were then evaluated [31]. Zinc peroxide (ZnO2) NPs synthesized via the sol–gel method were used to functionalize cotton textile fabrics through the pad–dry–cure

• interval of XRD analysis was 2θ = 5–80°, with a step size of 0.01° and 1 s of measure time for each step. The durability of the finish was assessed by washing the modified textile five times. The fabrics were washed using deionized water and the detergent Alconox. Mechanical action was applied using

Gold nanoparticle-decorated reduced graphene oxide as a highly effective catalyst for the selective α,β-dehydrogenation of N-alkyl-4-piperidones

• Brenda Flore Kenyim,
• Mihir Tzalis,
• Marilyn Kaul,
• Robert Oestreich,
• Aysenur Limon,
• Chancellin Pecheu Nkepdep and
• Christoph Janiak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 218–238, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.15

• indicates the successful deposition of Au-SiW9 onto the carbon supports. The successful deposition was further confirmed through UV–vis analysis of the filtrate obtained after the filtration step, which revealed the disappearance of the characteristic LSPR band at 508 nm (Figure 6a). The TEM images of the

• - compared to N-methyl-4-piperidone. This behavior is consistent with the increased steric bulk, which make the α-hydrogen abstraction step more difficult. The observed catalytic trends further confirm the robustness and adaptability of the Au/rGO catalysts for ODH of structurally related β-N-substituted

Time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry imaging of contaminant species in chemical vapour deposited graphene on copper

• Barry Brennan,
• Vlad-Petru Veigang-Radulescu,
• Philipp Braeuninger-Weimer,
• Stephan Hofmann and
• Andrew J. Pollard

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 200–213, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.13

• of the material and lead to a step change in terms of high speed [11][12][13], transparent [14] and flexible electronic devices [15], membranes [16][17], and sensors [18][19]. A large amount of work has been dedicated to the optimisation of the growth process to aid in the formation of large area

• were prepared as described in detail previously [43]. For two of the samples, (labelled Ar and Ar:H2) the as-received Cu foils were used without any pre-treatment. The other two samples (labelled EP and BO) underwent two different pre-treatments, namely, either an electro-polishing step intended to

• precursor was introduced for 30 min. The graphene growth atmosphere consisted of 250 SCCM Ar, 26 SCCM H2 and 9 SCCM CH4 (0.1% diluted in Ar) for all samples except the BO sample where a flow rate of 30 SCCM CH4 (0.1% diluted in Ar) was used due to the very low nucleation density. After the growth step the

Influence of surface characteristics on the in vitro stability and cell uptake of nanoliposomes for brain delivery

• Dushko Shalabalija,
• Ljubica Mihailova,
• Nikola Geskovski,
• Andreas Zimmer,
• Otmar Geiss,
• Sabrina Gioria,
• Diletta Scaccabarozzi and
• Marija Glavas Dodov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 139–158, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.9

• concentrations of 5, 10 or 100 μg/mL). Incubation was performed for 1, 2, and 4 h (37 °C, 5% CO2), followed by a washing step with PBS and lysis with 2% Triton X-100 (2 h, 37 °C, 5% CO2). The resulting fluorescence was measured on a plate reader at an excitation wavelength of 535 nm and an emission wavelength of

• at the initial time points of incubation) contains more proteins than the hard corona formed at later time intervals, resulting in a larger particle diameter at early incubation periods. High-resolution automated electrophoresis of adsorbed proteins onto the nanoliposomal surface In the next step

Capabilities of the 3D-MLSI software tool in superconducting neuron design

• Irina E. Tarasova,
• Nikita S. Shuravin,
• Liubov N. Karelina,
• Fedor A. Razorenov,
• Evgeny N. Zhardetsky,
• Aleksandr S. Ionin,
• Mikhail M. Khapaev and
• Vitaly V. Bol’ginov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 122–138, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.8

• increase in the main mesh step to ah = 2 μm and the edge step to ahb = 0.25 μm in order to meet the limitations on the amount of allocated RAM and execution time (see Section “Extraction Details”). Results are presented in Figure 6 as a dependence of calculated vs measured values, similar to Figure 3 and

• . Calculations are performed on a highly graded mesh of triangular cells (see inset on Figure 8a) based on two mesh step parameters. The first parameter, ah, defines the size of triangular cells inside the superconducting film far enough from the nearest boundary. The other parameter, ahb, is related to the cell

• step ah, which is related to the complexity of assembling the matrix O(N2). Thus, for the most accurate calculations performed on structures of the smallest size (C-shaped two-junction SQUIDs, Figure 2), the smallest steps ah = 1 μm and ahb = 0.125 μm (default parameters) were chosen. For certain

Development and in vitro evaluation of liposomes and immunoliposomes containing 5-fluorouracil and R-phycoerythrin as a potential phototheranostic system for colorectal cancer

• Raissa Rodrigues Camelo,
• Vivianne Cortez Sombra Vandesmet,
• Octavio Vital Baccallini,
• José de Brito Vieira Neto,
• Thais da Silva Moreira,
• Luzia Kalyne Almeida Moreira Leal,
• Claudia Pessoa,
• Daniel Giuliano Cerri,
• Maria Vitória Lopes Badra Bentley,
• Josimar O. Eloy,
• Ivanildo José da Silva Júnior and
• Raquel Petrilli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 97–121, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.7

• , SPC) and amount (25 and 50 mg) followed by sonication. In summary, the lipids were solubilized in 5 mL of chloroform and evaporated for 30 min at 65 °C. In the next step, the lipid film was hydrated with 5 mL of phosphate buffer saline (PBS, pH 7.4) during 60 min at 100 rpm and 37 °C or with PBS, pH

Functional surface engineering for cultural heritage protection: the role of superhydrophobic and superoleophobic coatings – a comprehensive review

• Giuseppe Cesare Lama,
• Marino Lavorgna,
• Letizia Verdolotti,
• Federica Recupido,
• Giovanna Giuliana Buonocore and
• Bharat Bhushan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 63–96, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.6

• imparting long-lasting hydrophobicity, reducing water uptake, and maintaining dimensional and biological stability of wood, even under UV exposure and outdoor conditions (Figure 7). To do so, nano/sub-microlignin (NL), derived from beechwood via a one-step organosolv process, was used as a filler and

Reduced graphene oxide paper electrode for lithium-ion cells – towards optimized thermal reduction

• Agata Pawłowska,
• Magdalena Baran,
• Stefan Marynowicz,
• Aleksandra Izabela Banasiak,
• Adrian Racki,
• Adrian Chlanda,
• Tymoteusz Ciuk,
• Marta Wolczko and
• Andrzej Budziak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 24–37, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.3

• easy to scale up and, which is worth emphasizing, eliminates the use of any binder or harmful solvent. In order to obtain rGO paper sheets, the produced paper sheets underwent a mild, three-step thermal procedure described in [34] (i.e., sample M300 mentioned in the current article) with further

• modification, that is, an additional thermal step was applied. For this research, three different additional steps were applied, namely, 400, 600, and 800 °C (the samples were named accordingly T400, T600, and T800). The additional thermal step was conducted for 6 h in an inert atmosphere in a tube furnace

• eV (0.1 eV step) pass energy in the analyzer and the photoelectron take-off angle at 45°. In order to maintain a constant sample surface potential, a dual beam charge compensation with 7 eV Ar+ ions and 1 eV electrons was used. The aliphatic carbon C 1s line at 285.0 eV was used as a charge reference

Quantitative estimation of nanoparticle/substrate adhesion by atomic force microscopy

• Aydan Çiçek,
• Markus Kratzer,
• Christian Teichert and
• Christian Mitterer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 1–14, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.1

• conditions influence how Cu NP move and detach during manipulation. Similar trajectories as observed by Rao et al. occurred very rarely in our experiments. In this study, a frequently applied standard protocol for AFM manipulation was used [32]. The protocol consists of a two-step method and is schematically

Internal 3D temperature mapping in biological systems using ratiometric light-sheet imaging and lipid-coated upconversion nanothermometers

• Dannareli Barron-Ortiz,
• Enric Pérez-Parets,
• Rubén D. Cadena-Nava,
• Emilio J. Gualda,
• Jacob Licea-Rodríguez,
• Juan Hernández-Cordero,
• Pablo Loza-Álvarez and
• Israel Rocha-Mendoza

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2306–2316, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.159

• essential step for advancing non-invasive thermal imaging in living biological systems. We recently demonstrated the feasibility of combining light-sheet fluorescence microscopy (LSFM) with UC micro- and nanocomposites for volumetric temperature mapping across scales ranging from tens of micrometers to

Terahertz-range on-chip local oscillator based on Josephson junction arrays for superconducting quantum-limited receivers

• Fedor V. Khan,
• Lyudmila V. Filippenko,
• Andrey B. Ermakov,
• Mikhail Yu. Fominsky and
• Valery P. Koshelets

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2296–2305, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.158

• quasiparticle current step more than 0.25 of the current at the gap voltage of the mixer junction. Second, the oscillator frequency should be tunable in a wide range. Third, the ability to phase-lock to the external stable synthesizer should be implemented. Fourth, the spectral ratio (ratio of the signal power

• tunneling through the tunnel barrier increases. This leads to a rise in current at voltages below the gap and the emergence of the so-called quasiparticle steps. This process is known as photon-assisted tunneling. The magnitude of the current on a quasiparticle step within the investigated range is linearly

• section we will discuss the results of the spectral measurements and the feasibility of the LO in SIR based on a JJ array of the proposed topology. First, for the SIR to operate, the power of the LO coupled to the SIS junction induces the current on the quasiparticle step greater than 25% of the Ig [13

Chiral plasmonic nanostructures fabricated with circularly polarized light

• Tian Qiao and
• Ming Lee Tang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2245–2264, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.154

• ]. The simulations considered the polarization vectors of the incident light. The dissymmetric shapes of the gold nano-twisters led to the mixing of different plasmon modes, generating a nonzero CD. The first step in calculating the CD of experimentally obtained cPNSs is to import the morphological

Optical bio/chemical sensors for vitamin B₁₂ analysis in food and pharmaceuticals: state of the art, challenges, and future outlooks

• Seyed Mohammad Taghi Gharibzahedi and
• Zeynep Altintas

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2207–2244, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.153

• lysosomes in a distinct base-off conformation. In this process, the protein replaces the 5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole ligand of VB12 with one of its histidine residues. Furthermore, MMACHC plays a pivotal role in converting all variants of VB12 into the cob(II)alamin intermediate. This crucial step includes

• , and the β-oxidation of odd-chain fatty acids [34]. This function of Ado-Cbl in the body supports energy production by facilitating the conversion of methylmalonyl-CoA to succinyl-CoA, a key step in the Krebs cycle, which is central to cellular energy generation [61]. The metabolic pathway of VB12 in

• –citrate buffer at pH 4.5. This buffer was then added to an infant formula sample, which was subsequently autoclaved at 121 °C for 25 min. The purpose of this step was to denature the VB12 binding protein present in the sample and liberate the vitamin for the subsequent analysis. Low repeatability based on

Ultrathin water layers on mannosylated gold nanoparticles

• Maiara A. Iriarte Alonso,
• Jorge H. Melillo,
• Silvina Cerveny,
• Yujin Tong and
• Alexander M. Bittner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2183–2198, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.151

• functionalization was performed as reported in [24]. Silicon wafers were washed first in methanol, then in a 1:1 v/v mixture of methanol and chloroform, and finally in chloroform under 5 min sonication at every step. Afterwards, the surfaces were immersed in a 7:2:1 (v/v) mixture of decalin (cis and trans)/toluene

Hartree–Fock interaction in superconducting condensate fractals

• Edward G. Nikonov,
• Yajiang Chen,
• Mauro M. Doria and
• Arkady A. Shanenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2177–2182, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.150

• the entire procedure is repeated until convergence is achieved. The calculation is considered converged when the relative changes in the order parameter and the HF field are below 10−7. To model quasicrystal superconducting properties, as the first step, we consider a finite Fibonacci sequence

Missing links in nanomaterials research impacting productivity and perceptions

• Santosh K. Tiwari and
• Nannan Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2168–2176, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.149

• . This registry would catalog product categories, safety data, and approved applications, facilitating transparency, traceability, and coordinated post-market surveillance. A further step would be the formation of a global regulatory authority analogous to the international council for harmonization in

Quality by design optimization of microemulsions for topical delivery of Passiflora setacea seed oil

• Daniel T. Pereira,
• Douglas Dourado,
• Danielle T. Freire,
• Dayanne L. Porto,
• Cícero F. S. Aragão,
• Myla L. de Souza,
• Guilherme R. S. de Araujo,
• Ana Maria Costa,
• Wógenes N. Oliveira,
• Anne Sapin-Minet,
• Éverton N. Alencar and
• Eryvaldo Sócrates T. Egito

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2116–2131, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.146

• step when non-normal distribution is detected [25]. Following transformation, analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted to evaluate the statistical significance of the overall model and the individual formulation factors. To enhance model parsimony, backward regression elimination was applied to