Missing links in nanomaterials research impacting productivity and perceptions

• Santosh K. Tiwari and
• Nannan Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2168–2176, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.149

• field has failed to deliver are an oversimplification that misrepresents the nature and trajectory of scientific progress. Since the launch of flagship programs like the US national nanotechnology initiative in 2000, cumulative global investment in nanotechnology R&D has exceeded $500 billion, though

Multifrequency AFM integrating PeakForce tapping and higher eigenmodes for heterogeneous surface characterization

• Yanping Wei,
• Jiafeng Shen,
• Yirong Yao,
• Xuke Li,
• Ming Li and
• Peiling Ke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2077–2085, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.142

• extracted by lock-in amplifiers for compositional contrast. Driving and response signals in standard PFT mode. (Top) Vertical motion trajectory of the Z-piezo actuator (Z-PZT). (Bottom) Corresponding tip–sample force response, indicating key stages: (A) cycle start; (B) initial contact; (C) peak force; (D

Molecular and mechanical insights into gecko seta adhesion: multiscale simulations combining molecular dynamics and the finite element method

• Yash Jain,
• Saeed Norouzi,
• Tobias Materzok,
• Stanislav N. Gorb and
• Florian Müller-Plathe

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2055–2076, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.141

• trajectory (typically 30–50%), and then transferred to the corresponding FE nodes. Controlling FEM deformation In the FEM calculation, forces transferred through the APs are applied as external loads on the corresponding FE nodes. These loads cause deformation of the FE mesh. However, since they remain

• experienced a force due to its harmonic bond with a connected MD bead. This force was averaged over the final 50% (70 ps) of the MD trajectory () and then applied as an external boundary condition to the next FEM iteration as per Equation 12. The MD iterations were conducted with LAMMPS [56]. Table 3 lists

Laser ablation in liquids for shape-tailored synthesis of nanomaterials: status and challenges

• Natalie Tarasenka

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1963–1997, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.137

Influence of laser beam profile on morphology and optical properties of silicon nanoparticles formed by laser ablation in liquid

• Natalie Tarasenka,
• Vladislav Kornev,
• Alena Nevar and
• Nikolai Tarasenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1533–1544, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.108

• -uniform energy distribution, which will affect plasma generation and confinement, the hydrodynamic trajectory of the ejected target material and pressure relaxation, as well as plasma and cavitation bubble propagation and temporal evolution. In the case of a Bessel beam, the focusing with an axicon

The role of biochar in combating microplastic pollution: a bibliometric analysis in environmental contexts

• Tuan Minh Truong Dang,
• Thao Thu Thi Huynh,
• Guo-Ping Chang-Chien and
• Ha Manh Bui

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1401–1416, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.102

• as “adsorbent”, “adsorbent mechanism”, “waste”, and “walnut shell”, highlight the development of biochar from agricultural residues and adsorption mechanism evaluations. Similarly, terms like “aggregate”, ”soil remediation”, “identification”, “mechanism”, and “kinetics” indicate a research trajectory

Shape, membrane morphology, and morphodynamic response of metabolically active human mitochondria revealed by scanning ion conductance microscopy

• Eric Lieberwirth,
• Anja Schaeper,
• Regina Lange,
• Ingo Barke,
• Simone Baltrusch and
• Sylvia Speller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 951–967, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.73

• . Fundamentally, the TEV quantifies morphological changes along the pipette’s scanning trajectory. Whenever the apparent heights (z-values) at a given point (x, y) differ between the associated forward and backward scans, this discrepancy contributes to the TEV. For compact objects, such differences primarily

Retrieval of B1 phase from high-pressure B2 phase for CdO nanoparticles by electronic excitations in Cd_xZn_1−xO composite thin films

• Arkaprava Das,
• Marcin Zając and
• Carla Bittencourt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 551–560, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.43

• transfer to the electronic system occurs through electron–electron interactions, followed by transference to the lattice atomic system via electron–phonon correlation [20][21]. Along the ion trajectory, a cylindrical region is generated, characterized by temperature exceeding the melting point of the

Electron beam-based direct writing of nanostructures using a palladium β-ketoesterate complex

• Chinmai Sai Jureddy,
• Krzysztof Maćkosz,
• Aleksandra Butrymowicz-Kubiak,
• Iwona B. Szymańska,
• Patrik Hoffmann and
• Ivo Utke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 530–539, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.41

• conducted with a field-emission gun and an electron energy of 1 keV. This lower electron energy increases the dissociation cross section and leads to greater heating of the deposit due to more energy deposited per unit trajectory length and, consequently, the small excitation volume where all the beam

Theoretical study of the electronic and optical properties of a composite formed by the zeolite NaA and a magnetite cluster

• Joel Antúnez-García,
• Roberto Núñez-González,
• Vitalii Petranovskii,
• H’Linh Hmok,
• Armando Reyes-Serrato,
• Fabian N. Murrieta-Rico,
• Mufei Xiao and
• Jonathan Zamora

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 44–53, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.5

• cluster, focusing on the trajectory defined by the special points Y, Γ, and Z. A direct comparison between Figure 3b and Figure 3c highlights that the magnetite cluster introduces specific bands within the forbidden zone of the NaA zeolite. As it was expected, these bands do not entirely align with those

Integrating high-performance computing, machine learning, data management workflows, and infrastructures for multiscale simulations and nanomaterials technologies

• Fabio Le Piane,
• Mario Vozza,
• Matteo Baldoni and
• Francesco Mercuri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1498–1521, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.119

A low-kiloelectronvolt focused ion beam strategy for processing low-thermal-conductance materials with nanoampere currents

• Annalena Wolff,
• Nico Klingner,
• William Thompson,
• Yinghong Zhou,
• Jinying Lin and
• Yin Xiao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1197–1207, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.97

• of a single 5 keV gallium ion trajectory in collagen and (B) the single ion vertical mid-plane temperature isosurface. (C) Trajectories and temperature isosurfaces for six consecutive ion impacts with a 1 nA ion beam current for 5 keV Ga+ in collagen. Illustration of the numerically solved three

Effects of cutting tool geometry on material removal of a gradient nanograined CoCrNi medium entropy alloy

• Yu-Sheng Lu,
• Yu-Xuan Hung,
• Thi-Xuyen Bui and
• Te-Hua Fang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 925–940, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.76

• substrate surface, which is deformed by the cutting trajectory. Figure 13 displays the crystal structure evolution in GNG CoCrNi MEAs for various cutting-edge radii during the cutting process. Again, the crystal structure of the CoCrNi MEA substrates changes from the FCC phase to the HCP phase during

Current-induced mechanical torque in chiral molecular rotors

• Richard Korytár and
• Ferdinand Evers

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 711–721, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.57

• affects the passage of the particle. The trajectory (path) at rest ( = 0, ϑ = 0) will be expressed parametrically in a cylindrical coordinate system: The parameter s could be the distance along the path; for the purpose of this work it is not required. For simplicity, we further stipulate that z(s) is

• monotonously increasing with s, and that the trajectory never intersects itself. The model contains two dynamical variables, the degree of freedom of the particle, s(t), and ϑ(t), the latter being the angle of the path with respect to a static coordinate system. Our aim is to investigate the dynamics of ϑ

Thermal transport in kinked nanowires through simulation

• Alexander N. Robillard,
• Graham W. Gibson and
• Ralf Meyer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 586–602, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.49

• , that are local minima for the number of reflections occurring for most paths. Cook and Varga [40] show that this can be the case in 1D nanowires, where kinks in general result in poor transmission, but there can be resonant states for certain geometries. Note that the trajectory of a phonon travelling

• scatter and will continue past, while for the low flux areas, unscattered phonons may continue their trajectory there. This has the effect of muting the difference between the high and low flux regions. Essentially, while increasing the kink angle seems to promote corner cutting, the ballistic behaviour

Specific absorption rate of randomly oriented magnetic nanoparticles in a static magnetic field

• Ruslan A. Rytov and
• Nikolai A. Usov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 485–493, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.39

• , Hac = 200 Oe. Obviously, at Hdc = 0, the potential wells of the nanoparticle located at θ = 0 and θ = π are separated by a high potential barrier, which is independent of the angle φ. However, if the perpendicular dc magnetic field increases to Hdc = 200 Oe, a saddle trajectory appears on the barrier

Quantitative dynamic force microscopy with inclined tip oscillation

• Philipp Rahe,
• Daniel Heile,
• Reinhard Olbrich and
• Michael Reichling

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 610–619, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.53

• . Experimentally, however, the sampling path representing the tip oscillating trajectory is often inclined with respect to the surface normal and the data recording path. Here, we extend the mathematical description of dynamic AFM to include the case of an inclined sampling path. We find that the inclination of

• step, the time averages are transformed to spatial averages similar to the formerly introduced cup and cap average functionals [3]. The harmonic approximation constrains the tip movement within the phase space to a closed trajectory. Consequently, the parametrisation with a spatial coordinate along

Nanoscale friction and wear of a polymer coated with graphene

• Robin Vacher and
• Astrid S. de Wijn

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 63–73, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.4

• . The two regions where the graphene carbon atoms are fixed are located in stripes along the x-direction, which is the sliding direction, as far away from the trajectory of the tip as possible (Figure 3). Indentation and sliding procedure Once graphene is deposited, we start indenting with a modelled

Effect of lubricants on the rotational transmission between solid-state gears

• Huang-Hsiang Lin,
• Jonathan Heinze,
• Alexander Croy,
• Rafael Gutiérrez and
• Gianaurelio Cuniberti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 54–62, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.3

• teeth of both gears start jiggling around. Moreover, there is a finite phase-shift or time delay for the second gear compared to the first one, whose trajectory is a linear straight line. This phenomenon is due to the nonzero distance between the teeth of both gears during their collective rotation

• other again via the lubricant and slightly accelerate the second gear until they become coherent again. As for the other cases, one can see that a net delay happens. Consider, for instance, ω = π rad/ns with dCM = 10.4 nm (yellow in Figure 3a): After investigating the full trajectory (see Figure 4), we

The effect of cobalt on morphology, structure, and ORR activity of electrospun carbon fibre mats in aqueous alkaline environments

• Markus Gehring,
• Tobias Kutsch,
• Osmane Camara,
• Alexandre Merlen,
• Hermann Tempel,
• Hans Kungl and
• Rüdiger-A. Eichel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1173–1186, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.87

• further improved by applying a copper tape connecting the sample and the graphite tape. To identify the particles decorating the nanofibres, EDX was performed using an Octane Super EDX detector (EDAX). The programme “monte CArlo SImulation of electroN trajectory in sOlids” (CASINO) [23], which simulates

Is the Ne operation of the helium ion microscope suitable for electron backscatter diffraction sample preparation?

• Annalena Wolff

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 965–983, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.73

• study on Ga-induced phase transformations in copper [34]. A lower ion dose (2247 ions/nm2) was also evaluated as it corresponds to the dose that is achieved for commonly reported EBSD polishing time values over larger areas [39]. 30 keV Ga ion irradiation at 0° incidence angle The ion trajectory plot

Recent progress in actuation technologies of micro/nanorobots

• Ke Xu and
• Bing Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 756–765, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.59

• controlled, so as to make the robot move along the surface of a graphene film in a desired trajectory. This study provided a lot of useful insight in the design of nanorobots. In the future, such designed nanorobots could be integrated into a silicon-based chip to perform specific actions. Also they could be

• used, which could control the driving speed and movement of the particles along a desired trajectory by changing the frequency range of the transducer and the scanning time and other parameters. Although this concept has limitations such as being interfered by media in actual body tissues, it provides

• previous research, Bao et al. [38] innovatively designed a V-shaped micro/nanorobot made of platinum only. The nanorobot is propelled by oxygen molecules generated by the decomposition of H2O2 and can maintain a rotating motion and navigate in a stable trajectory. Compared with previous studies, the

Recent progress in magnetic applications for micro- and nanorobots

• Ke Xu,
• Shuang Xu and
• Fanan Wei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 744–755, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.58

• method to complete medical tasks with the optimal trajectory of controllable movement of MNRs in cardiovascular system was proposed. Some multiferroic nanomaterials exhibit ferromagnetism and antiferromagnetism by adjusting electricity and magnetism. A variety of multifunctional devices can be prepared

• magnetic torque on the long axis of the microrobot, which generated torque on the microswimmer through a magnetic axis defined perpendicular to the helical axis. The double helix could compensate instabilities of the trajectory, which can improve the hydrodynamic efficiency to meet the power demand. It is

• in cell culture medium), if the trajectory of the target motion is preset, it could follow the path and transfer the payload with the help of the rotating magnetic field. Different from the device in [42], an electromagnetic control system composed of three pairs of Helmholtz coils was used to

The patterning toolbox FIB-o-mat: Exploiting the full potential of focused helium ions for nanofabrication

• Victor Deinhart,
• Lisa-Marie Kern,
• Jan N. Kirchhof,
• Sabrina Juergensen,
• Joris Sturm,
• Enno Krauss,
• Thorsten Feichtner,
• Sviatoslav Kovalchuk,
• Michael Schneider,
• Dieter Engel,
• Bastian Pfau,
• Bert Hecht,
• Kirill I. Bolotin,
• Stephanie Reich and
• Katja Höflich

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 304–318, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.25

• consequence is the deep implantation of light ions. He and Ne are chemically inert and may therefore diffuse out of the substrate after a while. Diffusion in solids, however, is extremely inefficient, such that the majority of the primary ions will be implanted at their final trajectory position [22]. Hence

Design of V-shaped cantilevers for enhanced multifrequency AFM measurements

• Mehrnoosh Damircheli and
• Babak Eslami

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1525–1541, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.135

• round, the optimum parameters are selected and used for the next round of simulation for optimizing the other parameters. At the end, all parameters are optimized, providing the maximum phase contrast between Au and PS. In Figure 2, the tip trajectory of the first and second mode for the setpoint value

• geometrical parameters. Tip trajectory of a V-shaped cantilever interacting with a Au sample (L = 85 µm, = 15 µm, bref = 86 µm, tref = 0.4 µm, Rtip = 9 nm, α = 0°) in time. Left: First eigenmode. Right: Second eigenmode. The setpoint is 60% for the first eigenmode amplitude. Ratio of second eigenmode to