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Search for "calibration" in Full Text gives 343 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology. Showing first 200.
Integrating high-performance computing, machine learning, data management workflows, and infrastructures for multiscale simulations and nanomaterials technologies
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1498–1521, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.119
- calibration and validation of models and providing a more comprehensive understanding of materials behavior [10]. The automation of various modelling tasks, such as data preprocessing, model generation, and parameter optimization, through the use of advanced algorithms and software tools, streamlines
- the material, capturing real-world behavior and enabling better calibration and validation of the models. This integration allows researchers to refine and improve the models, making them more accurate and reliable in predicting material properties, performance, and behavior under different scenarios
Signal generation in dynamic interferometric displacement detection
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1070–1076, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.87
- structure. By the fit of a model to the measured time-domain signal, all parameters governing the interferometric displacement signal can precisely be determined. It is demonstrated, that such an analysis specifically allows for the calibration of the cantilever oscillation amplitude with 2% accuracy
- . Keywords: amplitude calibration; displacement detection; force microscopy; interferometer signal; NC-AFM; Introduction Optical interferometry is a reliable technique utilizing light waves to measure distance and displacement with high precision [1][2]. With the light wavelength as the length standard, a
- the calibration of the cantilever oscillation amplitude, we exemplify the fit procedure and accuracy limits for the fit parameter A. Amplitude calibration means to relate the cantilever oscillation amplitude A to the voltage Vexc to yield the calibration factor S = A/Vexc [18]. An accurate calibration
Electrospun polysuccinimide scaffolds containing different salts as potential wound dressing material
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 781–796, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.65
- (O2CCH3)2 salts with distilled water. Then, by dilution, a concentration series was made for the calibration: 2.5, 1, 0.5, 0.2, 0.1, 0.05, and 0.01% (w/v). The conductivity of these solutions with different salt contents was determined using a conductivity meter and the belonging sensor (SevenCompact Duo
Simultaneous electrochemical determination of uric acid and hypoxanthine at a TiO2/graphene quantum dot-modified electrode
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 719–732, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.60
- conditions, the calibration plots were linear in the range from 1.00 to 15.26 μM for both uric acid and hypoxanthine. The limits of detection of this method were 0.58 and 0.68 μM for uric acid and hypoxanthine, respectively. The proposed DPV method was employed to determine uric acid and hypoxanthine in
- follows: The limit of detection (LOD) is described as 3S/M, where S is the standard deviation and M is the slope obtained from the calibration plot. The LOD values are 0.58 µM for URI and 0.68 µM for HYP. The cross-effect is a key factor for the simultaneous determination of analytes in a mixture. Figure
- )CURI (R2 = 0.9988) (LODURI = 0.61 µM). A similar behavior can be observed for the oxidation of an increasing amount of HYP (1.00–15.74 μM) (inset) in the presence of 15.74 μM URI. A linear calibration curve with a regression equation of IHYP = (−0.1160 ± 0.0830) + (0.8376 ± 0.0102)CHYP (R2 = 0.9990
Stiffness calibration of qPlus sensors at low temperature through thermal noise measurements
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 580–602, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.50
- little precision. An accurate stiffness calibration is therefore mandatory if accurate force measurements are targeted. In nc-AFM, the probe may either be a silicon cantilever, a quartz tuning fork (QTF), or a length extensional resonator (LER). When used in ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) and at low temperature
- stiffness calibration of a particular type of qPlus sensor in UHV and at 9.8 K by means of thermal noise measurements. The stiffness calibration of such high-k sensors, featuring high quality factors (Q) as well, requires to master both the acquisition parameters and the data post-processing. Our approach
- sensor without tip is expected to be ≃3300 N/m. The former value must not be considered as being representative of a generic value for any qPlus, as our study stresses the influence of the tip on the estimated stiffness and points towards the need for the individual calibration of these probes. Although
Aero-ZnS prepared by physical vapor transport on three-dimensional networks of sacrificial ZnO microtetrapods
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 490–499, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.44
- selected to focus the light on the sample surface. The system calibration was performed on a monocrystalline Si wafer with the main peak measured at 521 cm−1. A 1200 gr/mm grating with a resolution of 1 cm−1 was utilized. SEM images of ZnS microtetrapods obtained from ZnO microtetrapods after a
Potential of a deep eutectic solvent in silver nanoparticle fabrication for antibiotic residue detection
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 426–434, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.38
- reported in Table 1 with the most intense ones at 1580 and 1321 cm−1. Consequently, these two peaks were used to construct the calibration curves as shown in Figure 4B. The R2 values for 1580 and 1321 cm−1 are 0.9956 and 0.9993, respectively, which is close to the ideal value of 1. This indicates that the
- different [36][49], SERS analysis is meaningful for the selectivity test of the Ag NPs-DES substrate. In our study, different concentrations of SDZ were measured on the substrate to find out the LOD (Figure 6A). Collected peak intensity data were also used to construct the calibration curves shown in Figure
Vinorelbine-loaded multifunctional magnetic nanoparticles as anticancer drug delivery systems: synthesis, characterization, and in vitro release study
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 256–269, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.24
- efficiency (%EE) [39] of VNB into Fe3O4 NPs was calculated using Equation 1; it was found that the entrapment efficiency was approximately 98%. Standard curve of vinorelbine The calibration curve for the time-dependent release of VNB was generated by preparing VNB solutions at concentrations of 0, 20, 40, 60
- , 80, 100, 200, and 400 µg/mL. These solutions were then placed in quartz cuvettes, and absorbance readings were taken using the UV–vis spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 268 nm [40]. The absorbance values obtained were utilized to construct the calibration curve. Determination of photothermal
- taken. The concentration of the drug release was calculated using Equation 2 [42] with the calibration curve for VNB. In the in vitro dissolution test, the drug release (DR) was determined using Equation 3. The cumulative percentage of drug release (CPR %) was determined using Equation 4 [42] separately
Design, fabrication, and characterization of kinetic-inductive force sensors for scanning probe applications
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 242–255, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.23
- plenty of room to explore variations. We have discussed the importance of G as a figure of merit. This parameter provides the calibration of cantilever tip motion, which is an important part in design optimization. A good design must also be fabricated at the wafer scale with a reasonable number of
Quantitative wear evaluation of tips based on sharp structures
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 230–241, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.22
- analyze the shape of the tip, we use a probe to scan a TipCheck calibration sample and characterize its morphology. The TipCheck sample, provided by BudgetSensors, consists of a silicon chip sample with a wear-resistant thin film coating. The thin film coating exhibits granular and sharp nanostructures
New application of bimetallic Ag/Pt nanoplates in a colorimetric biosensor for specific detection of E. coli in water
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 95–103, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.9
- limit (LOD) was calculated to be 10 CFU·mL−1 (S/N) after a 30 min detection time with the naked eye, indicating that the concentration of E. coli in the sample was growing (Figure 3c). If the sample color is too subtle, we can enter the amount of gray intensity of the sample in the calibration curve and
- /Pt NPL. a) Absorbance spectra of Ag/Pt NPL after the addition of TMB, TMB and H2O2, NPL, and aptamer-NPL in the presence of TMB-H2O2. b) Image related to the color change of the proposed NPL, c) the zeta potential of NPL, aptamer-NPL, E. coli bacteria, and NPL-E. coli. a) The calibration curve of
Berberine-loaded polylactic acid nanofiber scaffold as a drug delivery system: The relationship between chemical characteristics, drug-release behavior, and antibacterial efficiency
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 71–82, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.7
- between their antibacterial activity with the BBR release profile from these scaffolds. To determine the concentration of BBR in the nutrient solution, a standard calibration curve of UV–vis absorbance versus BBR concentrations was built as follows: 1 mg of BBR powder was dissolved in 1 mL of bidistilled
- Multi-function shaker at room temperature with constant agitation at 40 rpm. At each time interval, 2 mL of each solution was withdrawn, the UV–vis absorbance at 421 nm was measured, and then the amount of BBR release based on the standard calibration curve was calculated. The percentage of released BBR
Measurements of dichroic bow-tie antenna arrays with integrated cold-electron bolometers using YBCO oscillators
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 26–36, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.3
- instrument for measuring the B mode polarization pattern of the CMB. It is a ground-based experiment planned to be placed in Argentina at Alto Chorrillos in the Santa province. This polarimeter is equipped with bolometric interferometers featuring self-calibration ability for systematic controlling of
- TESs as detectors coupled to the optics and microwave-multiplexing SQUID readout. The 220/280 GHz band will have 1728 active detectors and 36 so-called “dark” detectors, used for calibration, per array. The AliCPT [7] is a ground-based experimental setup aimed at CMB measurements in Tibet, China, at an
unDrift: A versatile software for fast offline SPM image drift correction
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1225–1237, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.101
- force microscopy; calibration; drift correction; image correlation functions; periodic structures; scanning probe microscopy; Introduction In science and technology, scanning probe microscopy (SPM) techniques are widely used to study the structure and properties of surfaces and interfaces from the
- resulting in an image of the structure or a specific surface property. This scanning process is also the origin of two prominent artifacts in SPM image data, that is, an imperfect scanner calibration and thermal drift. Both of which cause a misalignment between probe and surface; thus, the measured SPM
- images are distorted and potentially shifted [1][2][3][4][5][6]. The calibration of an SPM scanner is used by the SPM instrument to convert the voltages applied to the scanner piezo into a probe position [2][7]. If this calibration is not correct, the position assumed by the SPM instrument deviates from
Determination of the radii of coated and uncoated silicon AFM sharp tips using a height calibration standard grating and a nonlinear regression function
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1200–1207, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.99
- -coated, Cr/Au-coated, and uncoated Si tips were used to scan a calibration standard grating in AFM contact mode with sub-nanonewton load to obtain the curved scan profile of the edge corner of the grating structure. The data points of the curved profile of each tip were fitted with a nonlinear regression
- . However, this method yields an accurate estimate of the tip radius with a low root mean squared error of the curve fitting results. Keywords: AFM tip calibration; nonlinear regression curve fitting; Introduction Atomic force microscopy (AFM) with a sharp tip is typically used to characterize
- measured using a tip characterizer and tip qualification or standard calibration grating. In one of those studies, the tip geometry was determined by using a well-known sharp-edged silicon structure, which included height patterns with a certified pitch on a nanostructure plate [10]. Three types of AFM
A multi-resistance wide-range calibration sample for conductive probe atomic force microscopy measurements
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1141–1148, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.94
- restricted to qualitative comparisons. Reference resistance calibration samples are key to advancing the research-to-manufacturing process of nanoscale devices and materials through calibrated, reliable, and comparable measurements. No such calibration reference samples have been proposed so far. In this
- work, we demonstrate the development of a multi-resistance reference sample for calibrating resistance measurements in conductive probe atomic force microscopy (C-AFM) covering the range from 100 Ω to 100 GΩ. We present a comprehensive protocol for in situ calibration of the whole measurement circuit
- encompassing the tip, the current sensing device, and the system controller. Furthermore, we show that our developed resistance reference enables the calibration of C-AFM with a combined relative uncertainty (given at one standard deviation) lower than 2.5% over an extended range from 10 kΩ to 100 GΩ and lower
Dual-heterodyne Kelvin probe force microscopy
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1068–1084, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.88
- transfer function calibration. More importantly, there is virtually no limit to the number of harmonics that can be probed and the time resolution, other than that imposed by the maximum modulation/demodulation frequencies allowed by the lock-in units and the AWG. Last but not least, DHe-KPFM can be
Exploring internal structures and properties of terpolymer fibers via real-space characterizations
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1004–1017, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.83
- for pre- and post-scans to confirm calibration. Additional scans were obtained from other regions within the same fibers, as well as other fibers, and we observed similar features to those reported here. For clarity, our analysis has focused on regions that were most clearly defined in AFM scans. Line
Fragmentation of metal(II) bis(acetylacetonate) complexes induced by slow electrons
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 980–987, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.81
- scale was calibrated using a flow of SF6 gas through the oven that produced the well-known SF6− resonance near 0 eV. The measurements were performed without the presence of the calibration gas, avoiding potentially unwanted reactions such as dissociative electron transfer with the investigated molecules
Silver-based SERS substrates fabricated using a 3D printed microfluidic device
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 793–803, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.65
- PS40min@Ag substrate (Figure 5a). The SERS intensity of RhB increased as the concentration increased. Figure 5b illustrates the correlation between RhB concentration and the peak intensity at 621 cm−1, which was used to create a linear calibration with a high regression coefficient of R2 = 0.99968. By
Cross-sectional Kelvin probe force microscopy on III–V epitaxial multilayer stacks: challenges and perspectives
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 725–737, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.59
- the growth rates at the two surface temperatures, which were around 2.13 μm·h−1. The second part of the structure corresponds to the Zn calibration stack used for the p-type cladding of the multiple quantum well-based structure. The doping concentration of the InP:Zn layers was varied from 2 × 1018 to
A graphene quantum dots–glassy carbon electrode-based electrochemical sensor for monitoring malathion
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 701–710, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.56
- concentration for malathion detection is: Using the equation kSb/m [35], where Sb represents standard deviation of the peak current of the blank, m represents the slope of the calibration plot, k has a value of 3, the limit of detection (LOD) was calculated to be 0.62 nM. In a similar manner, the limit of
Metal-organic framework-based nanomaterials as opto-electrochemical sensors for the detection of antibiotics and hormones: A review
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 631–673, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.52
- increases. Generally, it is acknowledged that the CLOD can be stated as a function of S and Sb (the standard deviation of a group of blank signals produced via consecutive tests devoid of an analyte): LOD = 3.3·Sb/S where S = slope of the calibration curve. Also, the slope of the calibration curve can be
Quercetin- and caffeic acid-functionalized chitosan-capped colloidal silver nanoparticles: one-pot synthesis, characterization, and anticancer and antibacterial activities
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 362–376, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.31
- solution [67]. Because of the formation of the quercetin–AlCl3 complex, a red shift is observed in the absorption peaks of the quercetin. Since the absorption band observed between 400 and 450 nm does not have any overlap with pure quercetin, it is generally used to draw the calibration curve. Considering
- the calibration curve (Figure 5b). From this calibration curve and the absorbance of the Ch/Q-Ag sample measured at 433 nm, the amount of quercetin in the Ch/Q-Ag sample was determined to be approximately 31.0 ± 0.8 μg/mL. Similarly, the amount of caffeic acid, which is a phenolic compound, in the Ch
- the concentration of phenolics. Figure 5c shows the absorption spectra of pure caffeic acid (inset graph) and caffeic acid–FC–Na2CO3 mixtures. The calibration curve was obtained using absorbance values at 762 nm (Figure 5d). Since the phenolic content will be proportional to the amount of caffeic acid
Observation of collective excitation of surface plasmon resonances in large Josephson junction arrays
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1578–1588, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.132
- calibrate the detector, we use a MW source with f = 74.5 GHz. Figure 6c represents a sketch of the calibration setup. The detector is placed in an optical cryostat and the gigahertz signal is guided through an optical window using two high-density polyethylene lenses. The gigahertz source is linearly
- suppression of Is corresponds to the absorbed MW power, Pa ≃ ≃ 30 nW. Thus, we can perform an absolute calibration of the absorbed power as a function of the detector resistance, as shown in Figure 6f. The absorbed power depends on the absorption efficiency, γ, the antenna area, Aa, and the power density
- from Figure 5b. The latter data set was multiplied with a calibration factor of 2.63 in order to merge it with direct measurements of ΔI in the range 300 < N < 500 where both methods are working well. A quasi-linear growth in ΔI(N) starting from the threshold number Nth ≃ 150 is observed. However, as
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