TEM sample preparation of lithographically patterned permalloy nanostructures on silicon nitride membranes

• Joshua Williams,
• Michael I. Faley,
• Joseph Vimal Vas,
• Peng-Han Lu and
• Rafal E. Dunin-Borkowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1–12, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.1

• ], transmission electron microscopy (TEM) [1][8][9][10][11], scanning transmission X-ray microscopy [12][13], and magneto-optical Kerr effect microscopy [14][15]. Possible applications of Py nanodisks were proposed for zero-hysteresis magnet sensors, magnetic logic devices, and data storage [16]. Py is a nickel

unDrift: A versatile software for fast offline SPM image drift correction

• Tobias Dickbreder,
• Franziska Sabath,
• Lukas Höltkemeier,
• Ralf Bechstein and
• Angelika Kühnle

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1225–1237, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.101

• intensively. In addition to linear effects, non-linear scanner behavior such as creep [1][4][10][11][12][13] and hysteresis [1][2][4][10][14][15][16][17] has been analyzed and corrected. The second prominent artifact causing distortion of SPM images is (thermal) drift. Because of the serial nature of the

A bifunctional superconducting cell as flux qubit and neuron

• Dmitrii S. Pashin,
• Pavel V. Pikunov,
• Marina V. Bastrakova,
• Andrey E. Schegolev,
• Nikolay V. Klenov and
• Igor I. Soloviev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1116–1126, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.92

• feature allows for the use of the proposed scheme in superconducting neural networks, such as perceptrons, integrated into hybrid quantum-neuromorphic computers. Moreover, the temperature affects the steepness of the sigmoid function. Even the manifestation of hysteresis in flux-to-flux transformations

Upscaling the urea method synthesis of CoAl layered double hydroxides

• Camilo Jaramillo-Hernández,
• Víctor Oestreicher,
• Martín Mizrahi and
• Gonzalo Abellán

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 927–938, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.76

• hysteresis loop [71][72][73][74][75][76] and a low specific surface area (<50 m2/g) as previously reported [46]. Additional data, such as pore contributions (micro-, meso- and macropores) and other textural parameters, are compiled in Figure S16 and Table S8 (Supporting Information File 1). To conclude

Specific absorption rate of randomly oriented magnetic nanoparticles in a static magnetic field

• Ruslan A. Rytov and
• Nikolai A. Usov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 485–493, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.39

• of the field-free point is obtained for assemblies with different nanoparticle size distributions. The results obtained seem to be helpful for the development of a promising joint application of magnetic nanoparticle imaging and magnetic hyperthermia. Keywords: dynamic hysteresis loop; magnetic

• hysteresis loops of assemblies under the influence of ac and dc magnetic fields were carried out in [13][14]. It was shown [13] that an application of dc magnetic fields with Hdc ≥ 400 Oe is sufficient to completely suppress the SAR of an assembly of FeCo nanoparticles. It was also found [14] that for

• magnetic nanoparticles in a liquid, an increase of the dc magnetic field leads to a decrease in the area of the hysteresis loop for both parallel and perpendicular configurations of external magnetic fields. Analytical and numerical calculations of the dynamics of the nanoparticle magnetization in an ac

A novel approach to pulsed laser deposition of platinum catalyst on carbon particles for use in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells

• Bogusław Budner,
• Wojciech Tokarz,
• Sławomir Dyjak,
• Andrzej Czerwiński,
• Bartosz Bartosewicz and
• Bartłomiej Jankiewicz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 190–204, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.19

• mesoporosity, i.e., a wider hysteresis loop and a higher isotherm with p/p0 values approaching 1. Both isotherms (i.e., of XC-72R and C-11) can be classified as type II (according to IUPAC classification [39]) but with H3-type hysteresis loops. A sharp increase of N2 adsorption capacity at p/p0 values

Observation of collective excitation of surface plasmon resonances in large Josephson junction arrays

• Roger Cattaneo,
• Mikhail A. Galin and
• Vladimir M. Krasnov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1578–1588, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.132

• steps with small separation in voltage. The linear array, Figure 1d, exhibits several evenly spaced steps. The I–V characteristics are hysteretic, with the retrapping current being significantly smaller than the switching current. The hysteresis leads to a metastability, which allows for the observation

• and Figure 1d. However, application of a small magnetic field introduces a spread in critical currents, as can be seen from Figure 2b. In combination with the hysteresis in the I–V characteristics, this makes it possible to reach a large variety of dynamic states with different numbers of active JJs

Structural studies and selected physical investigations of LiCoO₂ obtained by combustion synthesis

• Monika Michalska,
• Paweł Ławniczak,
• Tomasz Strachowski,
• Adam Ostrowski and
• Waldemar Bednarski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1473–1482, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.121

• increasing temperature as the size of the crystallites increases. Electrical studies showed that conductivity strongly depends on the synthesis temperature. The samples obtained at the highest temperature had lower (more than one magnitude) conductivity. Strong thermal hysteresis is observed in all samples

LED-light-activated photocatalytic performance of metal-free carbon-modified hexagonal boron nitride towards degradation of methylene blue and phenol

• Nirmalendu S. Mishra and
• Pichiah Saravanan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1380–1392, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.114

• g−1. The BJH adsorption pore size distribution indicated the dominance of mesopores (2 nm < d < 50 nm) with an average pore size of 4.42 nm. The N2 adsorption–desorption isotherm demonstrated a H4 type hysteresis curve indicating narrow slit-like pores in the as-synthesized sample. In comparison

• –desorption hysteresis for HBN and MBN-80 have been schematized in Figure 4. The BET surface area and pore volume decreased in MBN-80 and could be attributed to the structural pore collapse or excess carbon aggregation [25]. However, the increase in carbon content contributed to the improvised light

Design of a biomimetic, small-scale artificial leaf surface for the study of environmental interactions

• Miriam Anna Huth,
• Axel Huth,
• Lukas Schreiber and
• Kerstin Koch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 944–957, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.83

• electron microscopy, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, and by the determination of water contact angles, contact angle hysteresis, and tilting angles. Wheat leaves of different ages were covered exclusively with wax platelets. The extracted wheat wax was composed of alcohols, aldehydes, esters, and

• , often so-called mixed wetting stages exist [35]. Contact angle hysteresis and tilting angle The wetting stages are closely related to the contact angle hysteresis (CAH) and the tilting angle (TA). Both quantities are therefore used to adequately describe the wettability of rough and heterogeneous

• surfaces. CAH is a qualitative measure of the mobility of a droplet on a surface [36]. The larger the hysteresis, the harder a droplet rolls off [37]. CAH is defined as the difference between the advancing and the receding CA. It can be determined for a droplet with varying volume or for a droplet on an

Solar-light-driven LaFe_xNi_1−xO₃ perovskite oxides for photocatalytic Fenton-like reaction to degrade organic pollutants

• Chao-Wei Huang,
• Shu-Yu Hsu,
• Jun-Han Lin,
• Yun Jhou,
• Wei-Yu Chen,
• Kun-Yi Andrew Lin,
• Yu-Tang Lin and
• Van-Huy Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 882–895, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.79

• and desorption was performed. As shown in Supporting Information File 1, Figure S1, all LaFexNi1−xO3 perovskite oxides were in line with Type IV isotherm according to their hysteresis phenomenon. The Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) result of the pristine LaFeO3 and LaNiO3 corresponded to the result in

Temperature and chemical effects on the interfacial energy between a Ga–In–Sn eutectic liquid alloy and nanoscopic asperities

• Yujin Han,
• Pierre-Marie Thebault,
• Corentin Audes,
• Xuelin Wang,
• Haiwoong Park,
• Jian-Zhong Jiang and
• Arnaud Caron

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 817–827, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.72

• forward and backward direction by multiplying the height signal with the bending stiffness. We observe a hysteresis for both normal and lateral forces, which indicates a dragging force opposing the sliding motion of the tip. The observation of hysteresis for the lateral force is common on solid surfaces

• and corresponds to friction. In our case, we attribute the observed hysteresis of the lateral force to the resistance to pull and drag a meniscus at the tip–metallic liquid interface. In principle, this resistance corresponds to the interfacial tension of the tip and metallic liquid. The occurrence of

• hysteresis for the normal force is not as straightforward to explain. In our experiments, we can exclude the effect of crosstalk due to misalignment of the cantilever since we mounted each cantilever on the same alignment chip on the cantilever holder. We consider it more likely that the hysteresis of the

Hierarchical Bi₂WO₆/TiO₂-nanotube composites derived from natural cellulose for visible-light photocatalytic treatment of pollutants

• Zehao Lin,
• Zhan Yang and
• Jianguo Huang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 745–762, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.66

• , HR-TEM, and SAED characterizations. As shown in Figure 6a, based on the definition of IUPAC, the N2 adsorption−desorption isotherms of the 70%−Bi2WO6/TiO2-NT nanocomposite represent the type IV adsorption isotherm and the H3 type hysteresis in the range of 0.6 to 1.0 of the relative pressure (P/P0

Nanoarchitectonics of the cathode to improve the reversibility of Li–O₂ batteries

• Hien Thi Thu Pham,
• Jonghyeok Yun,
• So Yeun Kim,
• Sang A Han,
• Jung Ho Kim,
• Jong-Won Lee and
• Min-Sik Park

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 689–698, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.61

• the Zn/Co ratio during synthesis. The composite with higher Zn content has a larger BET surface area and micropore volume but a smaller mesopore volume, as compared in Figure 5c and Supporting Information File 1, Table S1. According to the adsorption–desorption hysteresis curves, the Zn1Co4–C/CNT

Tunable superconducting neurons for networks based on radial basis functions

• Andrey E. Schegolev,
• Nikolay V. Klenov,
• Sergey V. Bakurskiy,
• Igor I. Soloviev,
• Mikhail Yu. Kupriyanov,
• Maxim V. Tereshonok and
• Anatoli S. Sidorenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 444–454, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.37

• -varying input flux) were also calculated, see Figure 4a. The input magnetic signal is a smoothed trapezoidal function of time with a rise/fall time tRF, see the inset in Figure 4b. It can be seen that the dynamic activation function of the required type without hysteresis can be obtained with adiabatic

Controllable two- and three-state magnetization switching in single-layer epitaxial Pd_1−xFe_x films and an epitaxial Pd_0.92Fe_0.08/Ag/Pd_0.96Fe_0.04 heterostructure

• Igor V. Yanilkin,
• Amir I. Gumarov,
• Gulnaz F. Gizzatullina,
• Roman V. Yusupov and
• Lenar R. Tagirov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 334–343, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.28

• throughout the core part of the sample supplied with the potential terminals. The magnetic hysteresis loops for the Pd0.92Fe0.08(20 nm)/Ag(20 nm)/Pd0.96Fe0.04(20 nm) heterostructure were obtained via vibrational sample magnetometry since the AMR measurement for this system is useless due to a short cut by

• shows magnetic hysteresis loops of the Pd0.92Fe0.08/Ag/Pd0.96Fe0.04 heterostructure for magnetic field angles of 40°, 30°, and −30° degrees relative to the [100] direction. For an angle of 40°, the minor loops show the switching sequence of P → OG → AP, for 30°, P → OG, and for −30°, P → AP. The

• analysis of the magnetic hysteresis loops at different angles of the applied magnetic field makes it possible to build a magnetic configuration diagram for this heterostructure (Figure 7a). As one can see, there are quite large regions of various stable P, OG, and AP states. An analysis of the angular

Investigation of a memory effect in a Au/(Ti–Cu)Ox-gradient thin film/TiAlV structure

• Damian Wojcieszak,
• Jarosław Domaradzki,
• Michał Mazur,
• Tomasz Kotwica and
• Danuta Kaczmarek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 265–273, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.21

• coefficient during sputtering of the Cu target allowed us to obtain the designed gradient U-shape profile of the Cu concentration in the deposited thin film. Electrical measurements of the Au/(Ti–Cu)Ox/TiAlV structure showed the presence of nonpinched hysteresis loops in the voltage–current plane testifying a

• [2][21][39]. Some examples of resistive switching behavior were also found in structures based on nanowires [40] or nanotubes [25][40], where the resistive switching device is characterized by the presence of a pinched or nonpinched hysteresis loop in the I–V characteristics in the DC plane. Our

• distribution profile of copper are presented. Experimental electrical measurements performed using DC simulation showed wide nonpinched hysteresis loops, indicating bipolar resistive switching properties. Additionally, the so-called forming process of switching properties has been observed for the first cycle

Photothermal ablation of murine melanomas by Fe₃O₄ nanoparticle clusters

• Xue Wang,
• Lili Xuan and
• Ying Pan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 255–264, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.20

• ) Magnetic hysteresis curves of individual Fe3O4 nanoparticles as well as NPCs. The insert shows aggregation of NPCs dispersed in aqueous solution by a magnet. (d) DLS characterization of NPCs dispersed in cell culture medium. (e) DLS results of NPCs suspension after five heating/cooling cycles. Photothermal

Influence of magnetic domain walls on all-optical magnetic toggle switching in a ferrimagnetic GdFe film

• Rahil Hosseinifar,
• Evangelos Golias,
• Ivar Kumberg,
• Quentin Guillet,
• Karl Frischmuth,
• Sangeeta Thakur,
• Mario Fix,
• Manfred Albrecht,
• Florian Kronast and
• Wolfgang Kuch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 74–81, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.5

• (100 nm)/Si(100). Magnetic properties were characterized by superconducting quantum interference device vibrating sample magnetometry, which confirmed an out-of-plane easy axis of magnetization with rectangular hysteresis loops and a coercivity of about 5 mT at room temperature, see Supporting

Heating ability of elongated magnetic nanoparticles

• Elizaveta M. Gubanova,
• Nikolai A. Usov and
• Vladimir A. Oleinikov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1404–1412, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.104

• .12.104 Abstract Low-frequency hysteresis loops and specific absorption rate (SAR) of various assemblies of elongated spheroidal magnetite nanoparticles have been calculated for a range of particle semiaxis ratios a/b = 1.0–3.0. The SAR of a dilute randomly oriented assembly of magnetite nanoparticles in

• perfect crystal structure and narrow size distribution, which makes them potential agents for magnetic hyperthermia [27][42]. In this work, by using the stochastic Landau–Lifshitz equation [43][44][45][46], we calculate low-frequency hysteresis loops and SAR of assemblies of elongated spheroidal magnetite

• hysteresis loops and SAR of assemblies of elongated magnetite nanoparticles is carried out by solving the stochastic Landau–Lifshitz equation, according to the same scheme that was used in our previous works [23][25]. Using this approach one can take into account both the thermal fluctuations of particle

Alteration of nanomechanical properties of pancreatic cancer cells through anticancer drug treatment revealed by atomic force microscopy

• Xiaoteng Liang,
• Shuai Liu,
• Xiuchao Wang,
• Dan Xia and
• Qiang Li

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1372–1379, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.101

• mechanical energy during each trace–retrace cycle. The hysteresis in the force–distance curves between different types of cells indicates the energy dissipation. The dissipated energy can be calculated by the following formula, where W is the total amount of energy dissipation, and its value in the force

• indicates that pancreatic cancer softens pancreatic cells. Also, there is energy dissipation manifested as hysteresis in a cycle of force–distance curves in all four kinds of cells. The results (Supporting Information File 1, Table S2) show that the hysteresis in the force–displacement cycle of HPDE6-C7 is

Biocompatibility and cytotoxicity in vitro of surface-functionalized drug-loaded spinel ferrite nanoparticles

• Sadaf Mushtaq,
• Khuram Shahzad,
• Tariq Saeed,
• Anwar Ul-Hamid,
• Bilal Haider Abbasi,
• Nafees Ahmad,
• Waqas Khalid,
• Muhammad Atif,
• Zulqurnain Ali and
• Rashda Abbasi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1339–1364, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.99

• physical property measurement system (PPMS) was used to evaluate magnetic properties of MFe2O4 NPs. Hysteresis loops were measured at room temperature upon an applied field of 2.0 T. The samples clearly showed ferromagnetic behavior with different saturation magnetization Ms (emu/g) and coercivity Hc (Oe

Two dynamic modes to streamline challenging atomic force microscopy measurements

• Alexei G. Temiryazev,
• Andrey V. Krayev and
• Marina P. Temiryazeva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1226–1236, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.90

• from one regime to another is experimentally observed in the form of a sharp change in the phase of forced oscillations (Figure 1d). Hysteresis is often observed on the approach–retraction curve; switching of regimes occurs at different amplitudes depending on whether the probe approaches or retracts

In situ transport characterization of magnetic states in Nb/Co superconductor/ferromagnet heterostructures

• Olena M. Kapran,
• Roman Morari,
• Taras Golod,
• Evgenii A. Borodianskyi,
• Vladimir Boian,
• Andrei Prepelita,
• Nikolay Klenov,
• Anatoli S. Sidorenko and
• Vladimir M. Krasnov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 913–923, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.68

• by SQUID magnetometry in a field parallel to the film in the normal state at T > Tc. A significant hysteresis of M(H) reveals the in-plane anisotropy of Co films (albeit with a small coercive field, HC ≈ 30 Oe), consistent with earlier studies [44][45][46][47]. Figure 1c shows a numerical simulation

• out on the way back to the saturated state. The experiment is repeated with gradually varying Hr. Recently, it has been shown that FORC can be used for the analysis of magnetic states in S/F MLs [34]. Essentially, we have to search for the appearance of different types of hysteresis in the FORC

• response, which indicates switching into some specific metastable magnetic states. There are two mechanisms for the appearance of hysteresis in the MLs [34][37]. The major hysteresis is associated with switching in and out from the magnetostatically stable AP state. Multiple smaller ones are associated

The role of convolutional neural networks in scanning probe microscopy: a review

• Ido Azuri,
• Irit Rosenhek-Goldian,
• Neta Regev-Rudzki,
• Georg Fantner and
• Sidney R. Cohen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 878–901, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.66

• , which has an inherently low signal due to damped response of the tip in contact with surface. In this case, the data is not surface mappings, but rather hysteresis loops in graphical format, which were “unfolded” by plotting the voltage response as function of the read voltage and writing voltage step