Overview of mechanism and consequences of endothelial leakiness caused by metal and polymeric nanoparticles

• Magdalena Lasak and
• Karol Ciepluch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 329–338, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.28

• cumulative gravity appeared to be the critical threshold force required to disrupt endothelial cells. The leakiness of the endothelium resulting from the action of NPs occurs relatively quickly, usually within an hour after exposing the cells to NPs [20][21][23]. In addition to understanding the key

Quasi-guided modes resulting from the band folding effect in a photonic crystal slab for enhanced interactions of matters with free-space radiations

• Kaili Sun,
• Yangjian Cai,
• Uriel Levy and
• Zhanghua Han

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 322–328, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.27

• been proposed to realize low-threshold polariton lasers [24]. However, we show in this work that, even when the period increase and the accompanied FBZ shrinking occurs only along one direction of the two-dimensional periodicity, the resonance still depends on the in-plane wave vector along both

Biocatalytic synthesis and ordered self-assembly of silica nanoparticles via a silica-binding peptide

• Mustafa Gungormus

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 280–290, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.25

• particle clusters or irregular particles were not observed (Figure 4f), while NH3 alone yielded spherical particles of 100 to 130 nm (Figure 4g). Based on the OD and SEM observations, SiBP seems to drastically change the particle formation/growth regime above a threshold concentration. In the reactions of

• released silicic acid is then deposited onto particles with larger radius. Evidence of coalescence was observed in our study as well (shown by the arrows in Figure 3 and Figure 4). At later stages of the reaction, when the precursor concentration drops below the nucleation threshold, the dominant regime

Atmospheric water harvesting using functionalized carbon nanocones

• Fernanda R. Leivas and
• Marcia C. Barbosa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1–10, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.1

• with εr. In order to understand the impact of varying attraction, we calculated the mean collected rate of molecules (MCR) per unit of time (10−2 ns), using Figure 9b shows the MCR of molecules as a function of εr. For values of εr below a certain threshold, the MCR increases in proportion to εr. The

• movement of molecules in the nanocone depends on the combination of attraction on hydrophilic sites and repulsion on hydrophobic sites. Enhancing hydrophilic attraction increases the number of water molecules attracted to the base of the nanocone. For εr values above a certain threshold, however, the MCR

Observation of collective excitation of surface plasmon resonances in large Josephson junction arrays

• Roger Cattaneo,
• Mikhail A. Galin and
• Vladimir M. Krasnov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1578–1588, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.132

• formation of standing waves at the electrode/substrate interface. We observe that resonant steps in the current–voltage characteristics appear above some threshold number of junctions, Nth ≈ 100, and then progressively enhance in amplitude with further increment of the number of junctions in the resistive

• between JJs and the long-range phase-locking of the arrays. Our main result is the observation of a gradual development of collective resonances upon sequential switching of JJs into the oscillating resistive state. We show that a threshold number of JJs, Nth ≈ 100, is required for excitation of the

• collective cavity modes. Above the threshold, the amplitude of resonant steps grows in a quasi-linear manner with the number of active JJs. We employ an external microwave detector for measuring EMW emission from the arrays. It is observed that the emitted power is correlated with the amplitude of the

Laser-processed antiadhesive bionic combs for handling nanofibers inspired by nanostructures on the legs of cribellate spiders

• Sebastian Lifka,
• Kristóf Harsányi,
• Erich Baumgartner,
• Lukas Pichler,
• Dariya Baiko,
• Karsten Wasmuth,
• Johannes Heitz,
• Marco Meyer,
• Anna-Christin Joel,
• Jörn Bonse and
• Werner Baumgartner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1268–1283, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.105

• act longitudinal in the nonwoven. This force is split vectorial at the point of contact in a vertical peel off force and a local horizontal shear force. Due to the rotational symmetry the total horizontal forces cancel out. When exceeding a critical threshold value, the peel-off forces separates the

• : sample with laser-structured surface; orange: electrospun nonwoven. Left: An aluminium piston is put into a 5 mm hole drilled into the sample carrier and the sample. Right: Defined forces Fpeel are applied onto the aluminium piston by adding defined weights. When exceeding a critical threshold value, the

Studies of probe tip materials by atomic force microscopy: a review

• Ke Xu and
• Yuzhe Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1256–1267, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.104

• and poorly controlled. Cheng et al. [11] introduced a method to selectively prepare individual carbon nanotubes on AFM tips by controlling the trigger threshold to regulate the growth solution on the tip. The obtained carbon nanotube probes are of suitable length and do not require a subsequent

• to generate CNT probes with a high aspect ratio. The method focuses on adjusting the trigger threshold and thus the amount of growth solution attached to the tip accordingly to fabricate individual CNTs. The success rate is well over 93%, and the generated CNT probes do not require further cutting

• and are of suitable length. This controllable method has great adhesion for CNT probes. The growth of individual CNTs at the tip was achieved when the trigger threshold was controlled in the range of 0.25–0.50 V. The properties and functionality of such tips were verified using samples with high

Analytical and numerical design of a hybrid Fabry–Perot plano-concave microcavity for hexagonal boron nitride

• Felipe Ortiz-Huerta and
• Karina Garay-Palmett

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1030–1037, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.90

• substituting in Equation 3, q2 = (n2/n1)q1. This leads to z2 = (n2/n1)z1 and W01 = W02. Finally, by defining ∆z = z2 − z1 we get: As a threshold for R2 we set R2 ≥ L2 in accordance with the stability range where 0 ≤ g ≤ 1. Although work has been done to include the lensing effect of a curved “n1/n2” interface

Numerical study on all-optical modulation characteristics of quantum cascade lasers

• Biao Wei,
• Haijun Zhou,
• Guangxiang Li and
• Bin Tang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1011–1019, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.88

• to the conduction band [23]. Moreover, the fluctuation of threshold current caused by the light injection is around tens of mA [19], which is much smaller than the threshold current. Therefore, all-optical modulation can only be achieved when the QCL works near or above the threshold. It is worth

• sufficient for the calculation, and here Ai (i = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7) represents the i-th subband in the active region, as shown in Figure 2. Our simulation used an external bias electrical field of 53 kV/cm, which was above the threshold value, and the temperature of the electrons and cavity were 300 K and

Influence of water contamination on the sputtering of silicon with low-energy argon ions investigated by molecular dynamics simulations

• Grégoire R. N. Defoort-Levkov,
• Alan Bahm and
• Patrick Philipp

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 986–1003, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.86

• depth. Investigations performed with low-energy argon ions [15][19][20] have shown that the current model describing the sputter yields and the sputtering processes (such as sputtering threshold and the amorphization process) does not fit with experimental data, leading to discrepancies that cannot be

• scheme with a threshold of 10−6 eV/atom. The force threshold for the conjugate gradient geometry optimisation is set to 10−4 eV/Å. The interatomic interactions are calculated by changing the distance between Ar and H and between O and Si atoms by 0.1–12.0 Å in 0.1 Å steps in a simulation box of 25 × 10

• of silicon might be lowered by the presence of the surface contamination, at least if the contamination level is above a critical threshold. In order to study in our simulations the evolution of a given sample under continuous irradiation, including the effect of water contamination, we kept the

Theoretical investigations of oxygen vacancy effects in nickel-doped zirconia from ab initio XANES spectroscopy at the oxygen K-edge

• Dick Hartmann Douma,
• Lodvert Tchibota Poaty,
• Alessio Lamperti,
• Stéphane Kenmoe,
• Abdulrafiu Tunde Raji,
• Alberto Debernardi and
• Bernard M’Passi-Mabiala

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 975–985, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.85

• absorption spectrum near the ionization threshold of core electrons with orbital momentum l belonging to the absorbing atom [29]. It is sensitive to the electronic structure of the absorbing atom, since its intensity is nearly proportional to the density of the unoccupied states whose symmetry verifies the

Efficiency of electron cooling in cold-electron bolometers with traps

• Dmitrii A. Pimanov,
• Vladimir A. Frost,
• Anton V. Blagodatkin,
• Anna V. Gordeeva,
• Andrey L. Pankratov and
• Leonid S. Kuzmin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 896–901, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.80

• from 256 to 48 mK with an unavoidable threshold of 42 mK due to the residual Andreev current. For our measurements, new samples with CEB arrays were deposited, using the equipment of the Center for Quantum Technologies at NNSTU n.a. R.E. Alekseev. These samples have normal metal traps, as well as

• from 100 to 25 mK due to lower Andreev currents, thus decreasing our previous threshold [7] of 42 mK in the low-temperature range. For a better determination of the parameters, we have improved our fitting algorithm that takes into account both the leakage and Andreev currents and the sixth power of

Micro-structures, nanomechanical properties and flight performance of three beetles with different folding ratios

• Jiyu Sun,
• Pengpeng Li,
• Yongwei Yan,
• Fa Song,
• Nuo Xu and
• Zhijun Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 845–856, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.75

• reaches a certain threshold, the hind wings would undergo passive deformation reducing the wing area, which results in decreased lift. A higher folding ratio of hind wings leads to easier deformation with increasing wind speed (Figure 6). When the wind speed reached a certain value (Figure 5B) and the

Optimizing PMMA solutions to suppress contamination in the transfer of CVD graphene for batch production

• Chun-Da Liao,
• Andrea Capasso,
• Tiago Queirós,
• Telma Domingues,
• Fatima Cerqueira,
• Nicoleta Nicoara,
• Jérôme Borme,
• Paulo Freitas and
• Pedro Alpuim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 796–806, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.70

• ). The broader G phonon band observed for the B2 samples reveals that a significantly higher number of inter-band decay pathways are available due to a lower Pauli blocking threshold [23] (equivalent to twice |EF|), further indicating that the p-type doping caused by adsorbed PMMA is less intense for the

• transistor to reach an output voltage of 1 mV. Histogram distributions for the graphene channel resistances were plotted (using MATLAB scripts) to compare the effects of B2 and C4 PMMA-assisted graphene transfer on device performance. Based on our observations of the device performance, a threshold

Reliable fabrication of transparent conducting films by cascade centrifugation and Langmuir–Blodgett deposition of electrochemically exfoliated graphene

• Teodora Vićentić,
• Stevan Andrić,
• Vladimir Rajić and
• Marko Spasenović

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 666–674, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.58

• of 3, 4, and 5 krpm, further diluting the solutions in different volumes of solvent, we reliably and consistently obtained films of tunable thickness. We show that there is a limit to how thin these films can be, which is imposed by the percolation threshold. The percolation threshold is

• centrifugation rate, which indicates films with a decreased density of large particles. We quantify the number of scattering centers by analyzing the dark-field images using the software imageJ. First, we set the brightness threshold for what counts as a scattering particle. As these are dark-field images

• , anything that is not completely dark is counted as a scattering particle. Thus, we set the threshold at a brightness value of 3 (on a scale from 0 to 255). Such an analysis yields results that are consistent with intuitive observation (Table 1). The film structure was further investigated with SEM, shown

A new method for obtaining the magnetic shape anisotropy directly from electron tomography images

• Cristian Radu,
• Ioana D. Vlaicu and
• Andrei C. Kuncser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 590–598, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.51

• can be found in Supporting Information File 1). Data volume thresholding aims to find an optimal value according the which the data is separated in two classes (background and objects). More specifically, each voxel becomes 0 if its original value is lower that the threshold value, or 1 if the

Approaching microwave photon sensitivity with Al Josephson junctions

• Andrey L. Pankratov,
• Anna V. Gordeeva,
• Leonid S. Revin,
• Dmitry A. Ladeynov,
• Anton A. Yablokov and
• Leonid S. Kuzmin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 582–589, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.50

• voltage is zero. This makes it easier to determine the lifetime in the numerical model. In this case, the JJ is considered to be switched if the phase exceeds a certain threshold value, usually chosen to the right of the position of the nearest maximum of the potential for a given bias current. There is a

Investigation of electron-induced cross-linking of self-assembled monolayers by scanning tunneling microscopy

• Patrick Stohmann,
• Sascha Koch,
• Yang Yang,
• Christopher David Kaiser,
• Julian Ehrens,
• Jürgen Schnack,
• Niklas Biere,
• Dario Anselmetti,
• Armin Gölzhäuser and
• Xianghui Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 462–471, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.39

• values determined by STM are smaller than the areal density of ≈7 × 1017 m−2 and the pore diameter of 0.7 ± 0.1 nm determined using AFM [36]. This is mainly due to different imaging mechanisms and different threshold definitions used for pore determination. Finally, the evolution of electron-induced

A non-enzymatic electrochemical hydrogen peroxide sensor based on copper oxide nanostructures

• Irena Mihailova,
• Vjaceslavs Gerbreders,
• Marina Krasovska,
• Eriks Sledevskis,
• Valdis Mizers,
• Andrejs Bulanovs and
• Andrejs Ogurcovs

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 424–436, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.35

• H2O2. Table 2 shows the result of an amperometric study of real milk and mouthwash samples. As the possible amount of H2O2 can be below the detection limit, the samples were spiked with different amounts of H2O2 above the detection threshold and a standard sample recovery test was performed. It can be

Impact of device design on the electronic and optoelectronic properties of integrated Ru-terpyridine complexes

• Max Mennicken,
• Sophia Katharina Peter,
• Corinna Kaulen,
• Ulrich Simon and
• Silvia Karthäuser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 219–229, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.16

• increases linearly with the intensity of the irradiating light, while they exhibit on/off ratios of less than 1.01 for light intensities of 1 µW/cm2. We find an increase of the photocurrent through the Ru(MPTP)2–AuNP devices due to irradiation above a threshold voltage of about 0.4 to 0.5 V (Figure 6a

• needs a minimum energy of about 500 meV (Figure 6a), which is sufficient to initiate charge transport to the electrodes. Raising USD over this threshold voltage leads to a further increase in current. Consequently, we assume, that in Ru(MPTP)2–AuNP devices a plasmon-induced metal-to-ligand charge

Low-energy electron interaction and focused electron beam-induced deposition of molybdenum hexacarbonyl (Mo(CO)₆)

• Po-Yuan Shih,
• Maicol Cipriani,
• Christian Felix Hermanns,
• Jens Oster,
• Klaus Edinger,
• Armin Gölzhäuser and
• Oddur Ingólfsson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 182–191, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.13

• the underlying resonances. Thermochemical threshold energies are calculated at the DFT level of theory for carbonyl loss from Mo(CO)6 through DEA and discussed in relation to the current and previous studies. We present EDX analyses of the composition of FEBID deposits from Mo(CO)6 and compare the

• shows the calculated threshold values for the individual processes at the PBE0/ma-def2-TZVP level of theory. Qualitatively the ion yield curves observed in the current study offer the same overall picture as reported in the earlier studies, but there are also differences. The peak attributed to [Mo(CO)5

• ]− is in the current study and in the study by Pignataro and co-workers [20], observed at an energy of 0.4 eV and not at 2.2 eV as by Winters and Kiser [19]. Resonant electron capture at threshold is clear in the electron transmission spectra from Giordan et al. [18] indicating that in the study by

A comprehensive review on electrospun nanohybrid membranes for wastewater treatment

• Senuri Kumarage,
• Imalka Munaweera and
• Nilwala Kottegoda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 137–159, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.10

• cone, the polymer jet initiation happens when the voltage reaches a threshold value at which the electrostatic forces overcome the surface tension of the polymer droplet. The increase of the applied voltage up to a particular value decreases the fiber diameter [21]. Huan et al. reported that at low

Tin dioxide nanomaterial-based photocatalysts for nitrogen oxide oxidation: a review

• Viet Van Pham,
• Hong-Huy Tran,
• Thao Kim Truong and
• Thi Minh Cao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 96–113, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.7

• concentrations of over 200 µg/m3, even for periods of time, this will cause adverse effects on the respiratory system. Some studies have shown that NO2 concentrations over 500 µg/m3 can cause acute health effects. Although the lowest threshold for NO2 exposure with a direct effect on lung function in asthmatic

Influence of magnetic domain walls on all-optical magnetic toggle switching in a ferrimagnetic GdFe film

• Rahil Hosseinifar,
• Evangelos Golias,
• Ivar Kumberg,
• Quentin Guillet,
• Karl Frischmuth,
• Sangeeta Thakur,
• Mario Fix,
• Manfred Albrecht,
• Florian Kronast and
• Wolfgang Kuch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 74–81, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.5

• film with out-of-plane easy axis of magnetization by X-ray magnetic circular dichroism photoelectron emission microscopy. Individual linearly polarized laser pulses of 800 nm wavelength and 100 fs duration above a certain threshold fluence reverse the sample magnetization, independent of the

• where the line of constant threshold fluence in the Gaussian footprint of the laser pulse comes close to an already existing domain wall. On the other hand, we identify the presence of laser-induced domain-wall motion in the toggle-switching event as a further cause for local deviations from purely

• ]. Due to the helicity-dependent absorption of the laser fluence in the sample as a consequence of magnetic circular dichroism and a sharp intensity threshold for toggle switching, this can also lead to helicity-dependent all-optical single-pulse switching [4][19]. Important for applications of all

Measurement of polarization effects in dual-phase ceria-based oxygen permeation membranes using Kelvin probe force microscopy

• Kerstin Neuhaus,
• Christina Schmidt,
• Liudmila Fischer,
• Wilhelm Albert Meulenberg,
• Ke Ran,
• Joachim Mayer and
• Stefan Baumann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1380–1391, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.102

• certain threshold voltage can lead either to oxidation or reduction of the Fe, Co, or even Ce in the samples (depending on the sign of the applied potential). This would lead to an increase or decrease in the slope of the polarization curve. If the reaction is reversible, it would depend on the velocity