Hexagonal boron nitride: a review of the emerging material platform for single-photon sources and the spin–photon interface

• Stefania Castelletto,
• Faraz A. Inam,
• Shin-ichiro Sato and
• Alberto Boretti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 740–769, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.61

• of some SPEs in h-BN. The µ-PL spectrum reported here, taken at low temperature, discloses multiple ZPLs originating from bright and optically photo-stable SPEs found within the excited h-BN grains. As they are narrow ZPLs frequently observed in h-BN layers, they were here attributed to the presence

• for practical SPEs. As such SPEs in h-BN have been studied from the point of view of spectral line width, ZPLs at low-temperature distribution, and spectral diffusion by several groups. Since the robustness to temperature is crucial for their practical application, and also the temperature

• excitation at room and low temperature was performed, confirming similar results of spectral linewidths of h-BN SPEs in flakes narrower than 1 GHz with an average spectral diffusion time of around 100 ms [133]. h-BN flakes were investigated at liquid helium temperature and using off and on resonance

Atomic-resolution imaging of rutile TiO₂(110)-(1 × 2) reconstructed surface by non-contact atomic force microscopy

• Daiki Katsube,
• Shoki Ojima,
• Eiichi Inami and
• Masayuki Abe

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 443–449, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.35

• structure. It is necessary to observe the surface directly in order to find out whether the (1 × 2) structure is formed over a wide area. In real-space analysis at the atomic level, simultaneous NC-AFM and STM measurements in UHV at low temperature have revealed that the (1 × 2) chain on the (1 × 1) surface

Implementation of data-cube pump–probe KPFM on organic solar cells

• Benjamin Grévin,
• Olivier Bardagot and
• Renaud Demadrille

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 323–337, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.24

• drain electrode of the transistor. In a later study, Schumacher et al. [24] used optical pumping in a pp-KPFM approach to probe the photocarrier lifetime in GaAs samples grown at low temperature. In organic BHJ solar cells, electron donor and acceptor materials are processed to form two interpenetrated

Anomalous current–voltage characteristics of SFIFS Josephson junctions with weak ferromagnetic interlayers

• Tairzhan Karabassov,
• Anastasia V. Guravova,
• Aleksei Yu. Kuzin,
• Elena A. Kazakova,
• Shiro Kawabata,
• Boris G. Lvov and
• Andrey S. Vasenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 252–262, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.19

• , e.g., single-flux quantum circuits [46][47], spintronic devices [48], memory elements [49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58] and spin-valves [59][60][61][62][63][64][65], magnetoelectronics [66][67][68], qubits [69], artificial neural networks [70], microrefrigerators [71][72], and low-temperature

Nonequilibrium Kondo effect in a graphene-coupled quantum dot in the presence of a magnetic field

• Levente Máthé and
• Ioan Grosu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 225–239, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.17

• Kondo temperature. In a recent study, the thermoelectric properties of a noninteracting QD coupled to massless Dirac fermions have been analyzed using the EOM technique [38]. At low temperature, by tuning the voltage of the metallic gate electrode, this QD system reaches large values of thermopower and

• for the gapped graphene electrodes within the massless gap scenario. The systems present a high heat-to-electricity conversion efficiency at low temperature, for which the phonon contribution can be neglected [38][39]. The analytical approaches to Kondo physics of magnetic impurities in graphene

• electrons with spin σ is given by: The occupation number of electrons in the QD has to be calculated self-consistently by applying the spectral theorem. At low temperature and equilibrium, the occupation number is given by: where f(ω) is the equilibrium Fermi function with μα = μ. At low temperature and out

Rational design of block copolymer self-assemblies in photodynamic therapy

• Maxime Demazeau,
• Laure Gibot,
• Anne-Françoise Mingotaud,
• Patricia Vicendo,
• Clément Roux and
• Barbara Lonetti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 180–212, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.15

Internalization mechanisms of cell-penetrating peptides

• Ivana Ruseska and
• Andreas Zimmer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 101–123, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.10

• . Review Direct translocation through the cell membrane The direct translocation of CPPs through the cell membrane as an energy-independent mechanism and an alternative to endocytosis was suggested after internalization of CPPs was observed at low temperature [23]. As a process which requires no energy

• , direct translocation is regarded as a single-step process including mechanisms involving the formation of inverted micelles, pores and the ‘carpet’ model [21]. This process can be tested under specific experimental conditions – low temperature, energy depletion and the use of endocytic inhibitors for

• to be understood. Initial studies indicated a direct translocation across the cellular membrane that bypassed endocytosis and the involvement of specific receptors. Indeed, cationic CPPs were shown to traverse membranes at low temperature and in the presence of metabolic or endocytic inhibitors

Recent progress in perovskite solar cells: the perovskite layer

• Xianfeng Dai,
• Ke Xu and
• Fanan Wei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 51–60, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.5

• technology; scalability; Review Introduction During the past decade, organic–inorganic halide perovskites (OIHP) have attracted great interest due to their special merits, including exciting optical properties, outstanding optical tunability and low-temperature solution processability. Recently, OIHPs have

Synthesis and acetone sensing properties of ZnFe₂O₄/rGO gas sensors

• Kaidi Wu,
• Yifan Luo,
• Ying Li and
• Chao Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2516–2526, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.242

• acetone at low temperature, even at room temperature [32]. Hence, with the aim to fabricate a high-performance acetone gas sensor, we prepared hollow spheres of ZnFe2O4 and ZnFe2O4/rGO composites using a one-pot solvothermal method followed by a high-temperature heat treatment process in an inert

Semitransparent Sb₂S₃ thin film solar cells by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis for use in solar windows

• Jako S. Eensalu,
• Atanas Katerski,
• Erki Kärber,
• Lothar Weinhardt,
• Monika Blum,
• Clemens Heske,
• Wanli Yang,
• Ilona Oja Acik and
• Malle Krunks

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2396–2409, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.230

• were fabricated at low temperature using two steps, an initial non-vacuum growth by facile spray pyrolysis (USP) at 200 °C, followed by a low-temperature annealing in a non-oxygen containing environment at 170 °C. This process is compatible with existing window glass manufacturing technology. By

Deterministic placement of ultra-bright near-infrared color centers in arrays of silicon carbide micropillars

• Stefania Castelletto,
• Abdul Salam Al Atem,
• Faraz Ahmed Inam,
• Hans Jürgen von Bardeleben,
• Sophie Hameau,
• Ahmed Fahad Almutairi,
• Gérard Guillot,
• Shin-ichiro Sato,
• Alberto Boretti and
• Jean Marie Bluet

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2383–2395, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.229

• permitted to achieve coherent coupling to single nuclear spins with ca. 1 kHz resolution [27]. The divacancy in 4H-SiC is a neutral charge state defect with spin S = 1 with 4 ZPLs PL1–PL4, in the range of 1078–1132 nm [34]. The largest PL intensity is 27 kcps [5] at low temperature using a superconducting

• . The low-temperature macroscopic PL spectra show the ZPLs of VSi and VSiVC and an important enhancement of the VSi and VSiVC PL lines in the region where the pillars are present. It is to be noted that the gap region has also been ion-irradiated, because the irradiation was carried out without mask

• after the fabrication of the pillars. For excitation at 940 nm the PL spectra of sample 3 shows the activation of the NCVSi emission at low temperature [35] after annealing at a higher temperature (Figure 3). Only sample 3 at 940 nm excitation is shown here, as it is most exemplary for the formation of

Nontoxic pyrite iron sulfide nanocrystals as second electron acceptor in PTB7:PC₇₁BM-based organic photovoltaic cells

• Olivia Amargós-Reyes,
• José-Luis Maldonado,
• Omar Martínez-Alvarez,
• María-Elena Nicho,
• José Santos-Cruz,
• Juan Nicasio-Collazo,
• Irving Caballero-Quintana and
• Concepción Arenas-Arrocena

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2238–2250, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.216

• an alternative top electrode, which we attached by free vacuum deposition. The FM is composed of 32.5% Bi, 51% In and 16.5% Sn and is characterized by a melting point of around 62 °C. It was deposited on the active layer/PFN by drop casting (or doctor blade) at low temperature (≈95 °C) and

Ion mobility and material transport on KBr in air as a function of the relative humidity

• Dominik J. Kirpal,
• Korbinian Pürckhauer,
• Alfred J. Weymouth and
• Franz J. Giessibl

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2084–2093, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.203

• range for each experiment. Experimental For the experiments we used a custom-designed AFM equipped with a qPlus sensor. The qPlus sensor is a stiff (k = 1800 N/m) self-sensing quartz sensor with a resonance frequency around f0 = 32 kHz. It has enabled unprecedented results in low-temperature AFM, such

Synthesis of highly active ETS-10-based titanosilicate for heterogeneously catalyzed transesterification of triglycerides

• Muhammad A. Zaheer,
• David Poppitz,
• Khavar Feyzullayeva,
• Marianne Wenzel,
• Jörg Matysik,
• Radomir Ljupkovic,
• Aleksandra Zarubica,
• Alexander A. Karavaev,
• Andreas Pöppl,
• Roger Gläser and
• Muslim Dvoyashkin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2039–2061, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.200

• hand, this temperature difference seems to be large enough to prevent destruction of the framework during the calcination. The low-temperature minimum (first weight loss) is due to dehydration, while the exothermic part in the range 500–900 K can be attributed to the burning-out of the surface hydroxyl

• and above 600 K. The desorption in the low-temperature range is presumably due to Na+ or K+ cations and weakly basic surface hydroxyl groups [46][47], i.e., the H-bridged Ti–OH–Si (see also Figure 3 of [31]). As a result of the post-synthetic treatment by H2O2, a decrease of the desorption peak in

• activity compared to the parent titanosilicate. The basicity probed by CO2-TPD exhibited two peaks for Na,K-ETS-10 that were assigned to the Na,K-cations as weak Lewis bases in the low-temperature region and to the strong Brønsted basic oxygen atoms coordinated as Si–O–Ti in the framework. The application

Improvement of the thermoelectric properties of a MoO₃ monolayer through oxygen vacancies

• Wenwen Zheng,
• Wei Cao,
• Ziyu Wang,
• Huixiong Deng,
• Jing Shi and
• Rui Xiong

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2031–2038, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.199

• immediately, especially in the low-temperature region. However, the behavior in the y-direction is considerably different. In Figure 3b, the ZT values along the y-axis are obviously higher for VO3 than in the other two cases at usual working temperatures of 300–600 K. The conclusion is that inducing the O

Review of advanced sensor devices employing nanoarchitectonics concepts

• Katsuhiko Ariga,
• Tatsuyuki Makita,
• Masato Ito,
• Taizo Mori,
• Shun Watanabe and
• Jun Takeya

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2014–2030, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.198

• -loaded CeO2–ZrO2–ZnO catalyst has a small heat capacity and dramatically increases the temperature of the Pt coil, resulting in a highly sensitive sensor signal. On the other hand, the n-type Sm2CuO4-loaded CeO2–ZrO2–ZnO catalyst is advantageous when rapid response and low temperature operation are

Magnetic properties of biofunctionalized iron oxide nanoparticles as magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents

• Natalia E. Gervits,
• Andrey A. Gippius,
• Alexey V. Tkachev,
• Evgeniy I. Demikhov,
• Sergey S. Starchikov,
• Igor S. Lyubutin,
• Alexander L. Vasiliev,
• Vladimir P. Chekhonin,
• Maxim A. Abakumov,
• Alevtina S. Semkina and
• Alexander G. Mazhuga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1964–1972, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.193

• identified in the Mössbauer spectrum of magnetite. Mössbauer spectroscopy is a highly sensitive method with respect to the valence of iron ions in these bulk oxides, since the hyperfine parameters corresponding to Fe3+ and Fe2+ ions are well distinguishable in the spectra. For the processing of the low

• -temperature Mössbauer spectra of uncoated MNPs, a model consisting of two magnetic components (sextets) was used (Figure 6). Each sextet corresponds to nonequivalent states of iron ions in the A- and B-sites. The values of the magnetic hyperfine field, Hhf, in the sextets were described by certain

Novel hollow titanium dioxide nanospheres with antimicrobial activity against resistant bacteria

• Carol López de Dicastillo,
• Cristian Patiño,
• María José Galotto,
• Yesseny Vásquez-Martínez,
• Claudia Torrent,
• Daniela Alburquenque,
• Alejandro Pereira and
• Juan Escrig

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1716–1725, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.167

• solution and the type of polymer. On the other hand, ALD is a novel metal oxide deposition process with excellent thickness control due to its low temperature processing and separated superficial reactions between precursor materials. Precursors are pulsed one by one over a substrate in the chamber and

Kelvin probe force microscopy work function characterization of transition metal oxide crystals under ongoing reduction and oxidation

• Dominik Wrana,
• Karol Cieślik,
• Wojciech Belza,
• Christian Rodenbücher,
• Krzysztof Szot and
• Franciszek Krok

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1596–1607, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.155

• ambient air exposure. Additionally, the impact of low temperature annealing (230 °C) in UHV is presented. After the venting of the vacuum chamber, the TiO nanowires still had a much higher work function than the SrTiO3(100) surface; however, the absolute values for both materials increased. It is widely

High-temperature resistive gas sensors based on ZnO/SiC nanocomposites

• Vadim B. Platonov,
• Marina N. Rumyantseva,
• Alexander S. Frolov,
• Alexey D. Yapryntsev and
• Alexander M. Gaskov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1537–1547, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.151

• in size. The average pore diameter, estimated from the data of low-temperature nitrogen adsorption, was 50 nm (Figure 2f). In the ZnO/SiC nanocomposites (Figure 2e), formed from ZnO nanofibers and SiC powder by mixing components in a single homogeneous paste with subsequent annealing at 550 °C, the

• nanofibers was estimated from the broadening of the (100) ZnO and (111) 3C-SiC XRD peaks using the Scherrer formula. The measurements of the specific surface area (SBET) and analysis of the porosity of the samples were carried out by the method of low-temperature nitrogen adsorption on an ASAP 2010

On the relaxation time of interacting superparamagnetic nanoparticles and implications for magnetic fluid hyperthermia

• Andrei Kuncser,
• Nicusor Iacob and
• Victor E. Kuncser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1280–1289, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.127

• concentrated ferrofluid (φ = 0.094) consisting of quasi-ellipsoidal magnetite nanoparticles of average magnetic volume of 4.3 × 10−25 m3 dispersed in transformer oil, with a spontaneous magnetization Ms = 4.5 × 105 A m−2, as determined by DC low temperature magnetometry and an effective anisotropy energy

Molecular attachment to a microscope tip: inelastic tunneling, Kondo screening, and thermopower

• Rouzhaji Tuerhong,
• Mauro Boero and
• Jean-Pierre Bucher

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1243–1250, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.124

• surfaces [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. Low-temperature STM/STS is an ideal tool to study the Kondo effect, which manifests itself by a sharp zero-bias resonance in the conductance spectrum of a localized moment on a conducting substrate, due to the coherent spin-flip scattering between the

• interesting in connection with thermopower applications. Ultimately, a better understanding of the interactions of the molecules with their environment has been achieved. Experimental Experiments were performed in a UHV system with a base pressure p < 10−10 mbar, equipped with a low-temperature scanning

Playing with covalent triazine framework tiles for improved CO₂ adsorption properties and catalytic performance

• Giulia Tuci,
• Andree Iemhoff,
• Housseinou Ba,
• Lapo Luconi,
• Andrea Rossin,
• Vasiliki Papaefthimiou,
• Regina Palkovits,
• Jens Artz,
• Cuong Pham-Huu and
• Giuliano Giambastiani

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1217–1227, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.121

• and Figure S8B, Supporting Information File 1) are largely superimposable with a slight increase of the low-temperature component only. On the other hand, the TPO profile of the spent CTF4 presents (see Figure 2A, after 40 h on stream and Figure S8A, Supporting Information File 1) an evident peak

• enlargement due to a non-negligible formation of low-temperature carbon deposits (coke). These results mirror the different catalytic behaviour of the two CTF systems at work in DDH and highlight the higher stability of the highly basic and open-cell-structured CTF5 sample under operative conditions

Tailoring the magnetic properties of cobalt ferrite nanoparticles using the polyol process

• Malek Bibani,
• Romain Breitwieser,
• Alex Aubert,
• Vincent Loyau,
• Silvana Mercone,
• Souad Ammar and
• Fayna Mammeri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1166–1176, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.116

• confirm the high crystalline quality of the produced NPs. We pursued our investigations by plotting the variation of the magnetization of these particles as a function of the magnetic field at RT, typically T = 300 K (Figure 6). Low-temperature (T = 10 K) hysteresis behavior is not reported, as it is

• temperature range of 10–400 K under a magnetic field of 400 Oe. The magnetization as a function of the magnetic field M(H) was also recorded at low temperature (10 K) and room temperature (300 K) cycling the magnetic field between −70 kOe and +70 kOe. A sampling tube made from a specific pod from Quantum

Quantitative analysis of annealing-induced instabilities of photo-leakage current and negative-bias-illumination-stress in a-InGaZnO thin-film transistors

• Dapeng Wang and
• Mamoru Furuta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1125–1130, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.112

• temperature on the initial electrical characteristics and photo-induced instabilities of amorphous indium gallium zinc oxide (a-IGZO) thin-film transistors (TFTs). The extracted electrical parameters from transfer curves suggest that a low-temperature treatment maintains a high density of defects in the IGZO

• bulk, whereas high-temperature annealing causes a quality degradation of the adjacent interfaces. Light of short wavelengths below 460 nm induces defect generation in the forward measurement and the leakage current increases in the reverse measurement, especially for the low-temperature-annealed device

• . The hysteresis after negative-bias-illumination-stress (NBIS) is quantitatively investigated by using the double-scan mode and a positive gate pulse. Despite the abnormal transfer properties in the low-temperature-treated device, the excited holes are identically trapped at the front interface