Enhanced inhibition of influenza virus infection by peptide–noble-metal nanoparticle conjugates

• Zaid K. Alghrair,
• David G. Fernig and
• Bahram Ebrahimi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1038–1047, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.104

• . Chromatography on CM-Sepharose was carried out with gold nanoparticles functionalised with different molar fractions of FluPep ligand. Top: images of columns after loading and washing with PBS. Bottom: quantification by absorption at 450 nm [18] of unbound (flow-through and PBS wash fractions) and bound (eluted

• cation-exchange chromatography. Silver nanoparticles functionalised with different molar fractions of FluPep ligand were subjected to chromatography on CM-Sepharose. Top: images of columns after loading and washing with PBS. Bottom: quantification of unbound (flow-through and PBS wash fractions) and

Serum type and concentration both affect the protein-corona composition of PLGA nanoparticles

• Katrin Partikel,
• Robin Korte,
• Dennis Mulac,
• Hans-Ulrich Humpf and
• Klaus Langer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1002–1015, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.101

• study we referred to a protocol of Gossmann and co-workers [18]. In-solution digestion of corona proteins After washing and collecting the NPs with protein corona by centrifugation, the resulting pellet was resuspended in 100 µL TRIS buffer containing 6 M urea overnight at room temperature to desorb the

• equilibrated with 1 mL methanol and 1 mL 1% formic acid before the digestion solutions were applied onto the columns in aliquots of 1 mL. Thereafter, the samples were desalted by washing with 1 mL of purified water. Then, the stationary phase including the peptides was rinsed with 600 µL of Eluent I (MeOH/H2O

• with Lumogen® Red-loaded PLGA NPs, free Lumogen® Red or serum-free medium as previously described. After 6 h, the cells were washed twice with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS++, containing Ca2+ and Mg2+) and fixed for 15 min with 4% paraformaldehyde at room temperature. After an additional washing step

Concurrent nanoscale surface etching and SnO₂ loading of carbon fibers for vanadium ion redox enhancement

• Jun Maruyama,
• Shohei Maruyama,
• Tomoko Fukuhara,
• Toru Nagaoka and
• Kei Hanafusa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 985–992, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.99

• redox flow batteries (VRFBs), which are in the most advanced stage of research and development: Nanoscale surface etching was attained by coating the surface with a carbonaceous thin film derived from cobalt(II) phthalocyanine (CoPc) and subsequent thermal oxidation followed by acid washing. The

Direct growth of few-layer graphene on AlN-based resonators for high-sensitivity gravimetric biosensors

• Jimena Olivares,
• Teona Mirea,
• Lorena Gordillo-Dagallier,
• Bruno Marco,
• José Miguel Escolano,
• Marta Clement and
• Enrique Iborra

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 975–984, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.98

• mentioned process; the arrows indicate the times at which the different reagents are introduced. The samples were first incubated in the EDC/NHS solution for 1 h at room temperature. After a PBS washing, a 5 µg/mL concentrated streptavidin solution was circulated through the system, which produced a strong

• -streptavidin bound surface. After washing with PBS, the biotinylated anti-IgG antibody 330 nm was fed to the system. In this step the frequency shift of 110 kHz indicates the binding of anti-IgG to the surface. This frequency shift is slightly higher than for the covalent functionalization case although such

• with an O-ring to seal a 30 µL cavity around the active area of the device (see Figure 10). A peristaltic pump feeds the liquid into the cavity at a rate of 100 µL/min. The liquids can freely flow for washing purposes or be recirculated when the incubation times are long. The whole volume of the

Effects of gold and PCL- or PLLA-coated silica nanoparticles on brain endothelial cells and the blood–brain barrier

• Aniela Bittner,
• Angélique D. Ducray,
• Hans Rudolf Widmer,
• Michael H. Stoffel and
• Meike Mevissen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 941–954, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.95

• ) [10][46]. Immunofluorescence staining and transmission electron microscopy After PCL- or PLLA-NP exposure, cells grown in 0.1% gelatin-coated 96-well plates or on coverslips were fixed with cold 4% paraformaldehyde for 20 min at room temperature. Following two washing steps with Dulbecco’s phosphate

• -buffered saline (DPBS) (Life Technologies, UK), cells were blocked with 10% horse serum in 0.4% Triton-PBS for 1–2 h at room temperature. Subsequently, cells were incubated with primary antibodies overnight at 4 °C (Table 1). After washing four times with PBS, except for Acti-stain 488 phalloidin, the

Polydopamine-coated Au nanorods for targeted fluorescent cell imaging and photothermal therapy

• Boris N. Khlebtsov,
• Andrey M. Burov,
• Timofey E. Pylaev and
• Nikolai G. Khlebtsov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 794–803, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.79

• two cuvettes retain their dark color. It is notable that contrary to the usual physical loading of molecular content into mesoporous silica, the nanocomposites with PDA shell obtained by chemisorption remain stable without dye release during several washing steps and long-term storage. For theranostic

An iridescent film of porous anodic aluminum oxide with alternatingly electrodeposited Cu and SiO₂ nanoparticles

• Menglei Chang,
• Huawen Hu,
• Haiyan Quan,
• Hongyang Wei,
• Zhangyi Xiong,
• Jiacong Lu,
• Pin Luo,
• Yaoheng Liang,
• Jianzhen Ou and
• Dongchu Chen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 735–745, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.73

• -based structural coloring of the aluminum alloy Pretreatment For removing oily contaminants and dirt, the 6063 aluminum alloy sample was first washed in an alkaline solution for 3–4 min, and then washed with deionized (DI). Afterward, it was put into an acidic eluent for the acid-based washing for 2–3

Features and advantages of flexible silicon nanowires for SERS applications

• Hrvoje Gebavi,
• Vlatko Gašparić,
• Dubravko Risović,
• Nikola Baran,
• Paweł Henryk Albrycht and
• Mile Ivanda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 725–734, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.72

• assignments are given in Table S1 of Supporting Information File 1. Figure 2 shows the SERS intensities of the 1073 and 1574 cm−1 bands before and after H2O washing for different VLS process temperatures. The optimal SERS signal is obtained for a temperature of 500 °C during the VLS process, and the SERS

• signal significantly increases after washing with water. The first observation can be clearly explained as follows: The temperature during annealing prior to VLS synthesis influences the size and distribution of the Au seeds on the Si wafer, while the VLS process temperature determines growth rate and

• and encourage for further improvements. SERS spectra of 10−4 M 4-MPBA (inset) after immersion in H2O for different VLS process temperatures. SERS intensities of the 1073 and 1574 cm−1 bands before (denoted EtOH) and after H2O washing for different VLS process temperatures. SEM images of horizontally

A porous 3D-RGO@MWCNT hybrid material as Li–S battery cathode

• Yongguang Zhang,
• Jun Ren,
• Yan Zhao,
• Taizhe Tan,
• Fuxing Yin and
• Yichao Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 514–521, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.52

• reduction of GO, and v) SiO2 etching by HF. Firstly, monodispersed SiO2 spheres with diameters of 200–300 nm were prepared. After washing and drying, the SiO2 sphere particles was subsequently dispersed in DI water at a concentration of 50 mg·mL−1 (suspension A). Secondly, the GO from Hummer’s method was

• min, sodium erythorbate was added to suspension B and heated in an oil bath for 2 h. The sodium erythorbate was removed by washing with DI water, while SiO2 was etched away by subsequent soaking in 10% HF for a week. Lastly, HF was also rinsed out with DI water and ethanol. After drying the compound

Gold nanoparticles embedded in a polymer as a 3D-printable dichroic nanocomposite material

• Lars Kool,
• Anton Bunschoten,
• Aldrik H. Velders and
• Vittorio Saggiomo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 442–447, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.43

• printing AuNP–PVA. At the used percentage of gold in PVA, the dichroic effect in the printed objects can be detected when the wall thickness of the 3D-printed object is larger than 0.4 mm. The 3D-printed parts can also be smoothened by quickly washing the parts in water (Supporting Information File 1

One-step nonhydrolytic sol–gel synthesis of mesoporous TiO₂ phosphonate hybrid materials

• Yanhui Wang,
• P. Hubert Mutin and
• Johan G. Alauzun

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 356–362, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.35

• assigned to a deformation mode of adsorbed water), and also of surface hydroxyl groups resulting from the hydrolysis of residual surface groups during washing or manipulation under air. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of TiO2 and of the hybrid samples are presented in Figure 3. The patterns of TiP0.02

Thermal control of the defunctionalization of supported Au₂₅(glutathione)₁₈ catalysts for benzyl alcohol oxidation

• Zahraa Shahin,
• Hyewon Ji,
• Rodica Chiriac,
• Nadine Essayem,
• Franck Rataboul and
• Aude Demessence

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 228–237, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.21

• nanoparticles or bulk gold. Impregnation of the clusters on ZrO2 nanoparticles was done by adding ZrO2 powder to an aqueous solution of Au25(SG)18, stirred for 15 min and then centrifuged to collect the powder without further washing. The composite material Au25(SG)18@ZrO2 comprised of 0.7% Au was calcined at

New micro/mesoporous nanocomposite material from low-cost sources for the efficient removal of aromatic and pathogenic pollutants from water

• Emmanuel I. Unuabonah,
• Robert Nöske,
• Jens Weber,
• Christina Günter and
• Andreas Taubert

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 119–131, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.11

• nanocomposite particles with increasing temperature after acid washing. All scale bars = 1 μm. TGA and DTA curves for 2Z-HYCA nanocomposites prepared at various temperatures. Experimental breakthrough curve for the adsorption of 4-nitrophenol onto 2Z-HYCA@650 °C (Co = Concentration of 4-nitrophenol at time 0

Wet chemistry route for the decoration of carbon nanotubes with iron oxide nanoparticles for gas sensing

• Hussam M. Elnabawy,
• Juan Casanova-Chafer,
• Badawi Anis,
• Mostafa Fedawy,
• Mattia Scardamaglia,
• Carla Bittencourt,
• Ahmed S. G. Khalil,
• Eduard Llobet and
• Xavier Vilanova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 105–118, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.10

• employing a magnetic stirrer [19][26][27]. When the acidic treatment was completed, the resulting black slurry was filtered out from the acidic mixture using vacuum filtration and then washed with DI water for several washing cycles until the pH was neutralized. Then, the neutral black slurry was dried in a

Pull-off and friction forces of micropatterned elastomers on soft substrates: the effects of pattern length scale and stiffness

• Peter van Assenbergh,
• Marike Fokker,
• Julian Langowski,
• Jan van Esch,
• Marleen Kamperman and
• Dimitra Dodou

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 79–94, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.8

A novel polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane-modified layered double hydroxide: preparation, characterization and properties

• Xianwei Zhang,
• Zhongzhu Ma,
• Hong Fan,
• Carla Bittencourt,
• Jintao Wan and
• Philippe Dubois

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 3053–3068, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.284

• combustion of a small amount of unbounded residual SDBS at lower temperature (around 186 °C) and the thermal decomposition of intercalated SDBS segments at higher temperature (around 467 °C). The excess SDBS is believed hard to be completely removed by simple purification procedures such as washing with

• washing with cold methanol. The residue was then recrystallized in methanol, filtrated, and dried in vacuum (40 °C, 24 h). The final product was obtained as a white powder with a yield of 43%. The synthesis of octa-substituted carboxy-terminated POSS (OCPS) was carried out via acylation of OAPS with

• washing with chloroform and THF. The crude product was further purified by being resolved in formic acid and reprecipitated in water, filtrated and washed with water until the pH value of the filtrate was 7. The solid was then dried in vacuum (40 °C, 24 h), to give a white powder with a yield of 69

Ternary nanocomposites of reduced graphene oxide, polyaniline and hexaniobate: hierarchical architecture and high polaron formation

• Claudio H. B. Silva,
• Maria Iliut,
• Christopher Muryn,
• Christian Berger,
• Zachary Coldrick,
• Vera R. L. Constantino,
• Marcia L. A. Temperini and
• Aravind Vijayaraghavan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2936–2946, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.272

• graphene oxide Graphene oxide was prepared by graphite oxidation according to a modified Hummers method [66][67]. The viscous gel-like dispersion of graphite oxide obtained after oxidation and purification (centrifugation and washing) was diluted with deionized water and the resulting dispersions were high

• /washing cycles (14000 rpm, 20 min and HCl solution pH 2.6) to obtain dispersions of a total concentration of 1.0 mg·mL−1. Characterization The AFM images were recorded with a Bruker Dimension FastScan probe microscope, operating in tapping mode, with aluminium-coated Si tips (Bruker). Samples were

In situ characterization of nanoscale contaminations adsorbed in air using atomic force microscopy

• Jesús S. Lacasa,
• Lisa Almonte and
• Jaime Colchero

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2925–2935, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.271

• manufacturing processes, as well as contamination induced by the Gel-Pak containers employed for chip transport and storage [22][23]. A variety of cleaning procedures have been proposed to recover the ideal tip as manufactured initially. These procedures range from less aggressive methods, such as washing with

Layered calcium phenylphosphonate: a hybrid material for a new generation of nanofillers

• Kateřina Kopecká,
• Ludvík Beneš,
• Klára Melánová,
• Vítězslav Zima,
• Petr Knotek and
• Kateřina Zetková

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2906–2915, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.269

• course of the reaction, the pH decreases to about 8 during the first 15 minutes and then remains the same. Thus, it is recommended to start at pH 10 when working with higher volumes, even if it means a few more rounds of washing to remove ammonium in the final step. Second, it is appropriate and

Nanocellulose: Recent advances and its prospects in environmental remediation

• Katrina Pui Yee Shak,
• Yean Ling Pang and
• Shee Keat Mah

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2479–2498, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.232

• fabricate dicarboxylic acid nanocellulose flocculant and examine its effectiveness in the treatment of municipal wastewater (removal of turbidity and chemical oxygen demand (COD)). In another study, cotton microfibers were subjected to acid treatment, washing, and filtration to produce nanocellulose

Droplet-based synthesis of homogeneous magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles

• Christian D. Ahrberg,
• Ji Wook Choi and
• Bong Geun Chung

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2413–2420, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.226

• ,D in Supporting Information File 1), finding the same spinel crystalline planes as previously reported in literature for Fe3O4 nanopowders [32]. Hence, the synthesized particles are crystalline. Regarding the yield of the reaction both synthesis delivered comparable nanoparticle yields after washing

Hydrothermal-derived carbon as a stabilizing matrix for improved cycling performance of silicon-based anodes for lithium-ion full cells

• Mirco Ruttert,
• Florian Holtstiege,
• Jessica Hüsker,
• Markus Börner,
• Martin Winter and
• Tobias Placke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2381–2395, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.223

• -type) was used to investigate the morphology of the synthesized composite materials. Cycled electrodes were analyzed after washing with DMC and drying in an argon filled glovebox. Multiple areas per sample were analyzed using an Auriga CrossBeam workstation from Zeiss at an acceleration voltage of 3 kV

Block copolymers for designing nanostructured porous coatings

• Roberto Nisticò

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2332–2344, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.218

• PS-b-PEO copolymers, Mao et al. [59] demonstrated that the chemical etching of the minority component leads to the formation of a well-ordered nanoporous system by selective removal of the PEO domains by simple ether cleavage by washing with aqueous hydrogen iodine. This strong acid was selected for

• moieties. In this study, the metallo-complex selected is Ru(II)-terpyridine bis-complex. By washing the film with a Ce(IV)-containing acid solution, the Ru(II) complex between the blocks is oxidized into Ru(III) that is able to form only a monocomplex with the terpyridine ligands, thus breaking one metallo

• . However, as the solvent evaporates, the ordering front propagates through the films, thus extending the ordered microdomain growth following the solvent gradient direction (namely, perpendicular to the surface). Since PEO is water soluble, it can be easily removed by simply heating and washing with water

The structural and chemical basis of temporary adhesion in the sea star Asterina gibbosa

• Birgit Lengerer,
• Marie Bonneel,
• Mathilde Lefevre,
• Elise Hennebert,
• Philippe Leclère,
• Emmanuel Gosselin,
• Peter Ladurner and
• Patrick Flammang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2071–2086, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.196

• , the sections were incubated for 1 h in Dylight488-conjugated-streptavidin (Vector Laboratories) diluted 1:300 in BSA-T at room temperature. After three washing steps in TBS-T, the sections were mounted in Mowiol and analysed with a Leica DM5000 or a Zeiss Axioscope A1 microscope, or with a Leica SP5

Synthesis of a MnO₂/Fe₃O₄/diatomite nanocomposite as an efficient heterogeneous Fenton-like catalyst for methylene blue degradation

• Zishun Li,
• Xuekun Tang,
• Kun Liu,
• Jing Huang,
• Yueyang Xu,
• Qian Peng and
• Minlin Ao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1940–1950, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.185

• catalyst Raw diatomite was purified by acid-washing in 2 M HCl solution at 75 °C for 4 h according to [20]. The Fe3O4/diatomite composite was prepared through thermal decomposition and in situ loading [3]. Typically, 0.4 g of purified diatomite was first put into 60 mL TREG under magnetic stirring for 30

• for 30 min with subsequent ultrasound dispersion for 5 min, followed by dissolving 0.35 g KMnO4 into the mixture. The resulting mixture was transferred into a 100 mL autoclave and kept at 160 °C for 12 h under slight stirring. Finally, the MnO2/Fe3O4/diatomite nanocomposite was obtained after washing

• , a broad peak at around 22.5° is observed due to the amorphous structure of SiO2. No other obvious diffraction peaks are detected, suggesting that after the washing, the raw diatomite is highly pure. Six peaks at 29.9°, 35.3°, 43.2°, 53.3°, 57.00° and 62.4° are observed in the pattern of Fe3O4