Topochemical engineering of composite hybrid fibers using layered double hydroxides and abietic acid

• Liji Sobhana,
• Lokesh Kesavan,
• Jan Gustafsson and
• Pedro Fardim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 589–605, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.60

• composites by utilizing the intermolecular hydrogen bonds in natural materials. These materials include wood pulp fibers, abietic acid (resin acid) and inexpensive metal salts. In this work, a hybrid composite was created using bleached and unbleached kraft pulp fibers as cellulose platform. In situ co

• increase the surface roughness of the fibers and yield good adhesion properties. Bleached and unbleached fibers, refined and unrefined, were used as starting materials to synthesize direct composites (AA + fiber), hybrid fibers (LDH + fiber) and composite hybrid fibers (AA + LDH + fiber). We expect that

• intensity, which confirm the AA-modification of HF. Structure and bonding The infrared absorption measurements were studied for the control samples (REF, C-F, HF) and the final material, hybrid fiber composites (C-HF0.15M, C-HF0.30M, and C-HF0.45M, Figure 3. The control samples and composite hybrid fibers

Widening of the electroactivity potential range by composite formation – capacitive properties of TiO₂/BiVO₄/PEDOT:PSS electrodes in contact with an aqueous electrolyte

• Konrad Trzciński,
• Mariusz Szkoda,
• Andrzej P. Nowak,
• Marcin Łapiński and
• Anna Lisowska-Oleksiak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 483–493, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.49

• , Poland 10.3762/bjnano.10.49 Abstract Composites based on the titania nanotubes were tested in aqueous electrolyte as a potential electrode material for energy storage devices. The nanotubular morphology of TiO2 was obtained by Ti anodization. TiO2 nanotubes were covered by a thin layer of bismuth

• –inorganic composites with TiO2 [18][19], organic–inorganic hybrids consisting of a conducting polymer and Prussian blue analogues [20], or composites with carbon nanomaterials [21]. Tuning of the electrochemical activity of supercapacitors can also be achieved via electrolyte modification. The addition of

• work (not exceeding 1 V) [74][75][76]. Recently, it was reported that titania nanotubes/polyaniline composites in contact with aqueous electrolyte can be polarized in a range between −0.2 to 1.8 V vs SCE with very good capacitance retention [77], but the achieved areal capacitance (ca. 6 mF·cm−2) seems

Biological and biomimetic surfaces: adhesion, friction and wetting phenomena

• Stanislav N. Gorb,
• Kerstin Koch and
• Lars Heepe

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 481–482, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.48

• collected articles are devoted to surface-related effects in engineered surfaces, such as multilayered composites, carbon nanofibers, textured steel surfaces, and micropatterned elastomer surfaces. Three articles present recent work on the development of a novel fabrication technique for biomaterials and of

A Ni(OH)₂ nanopetals network for high-performance supercapacitors synthesized by immersing Ni nanofoam in water

• Donghui Zheng,
• Man Li,
• Yongyan Li,
• Chunling Qin,
• Yichao Wang and
• Zhifeng Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 281–293, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.27

• mm wide and ca. 25 µm thick) were successfully obtained and were denoted as Ni(OH)2/Ni-NF/MG-2, Ni(OH)2/Ni-NF/MG-5, Ni(OH)2/Ni-NF/MG-7, respectively, according to the number of days immersed. Instrumental methods The phase structure of the as-obtained composites was measured by X-ray diffraction (XRD

• . Finally, the dispersed materials were dripped on copper mesh supported carbon film. Electrochemical measurements The electrochemical tests of the Ni(OH)2/Ni-NF/MG electrodes were carried out in a standard three-electrode cell. The Ni(OH)2/Ni-NF/MG composites, a Pt net, and a Ag/AgCl electrode were

• typical XRD patterns of the as-spun ribbon, the as-dealloyed ribbon and the as-synthesized Ni(OH)2/Ni-NF/MG composites immersed in deionized water for different days. The original ribbon presents a characteristic broad halo peak of metallic glass without appreciable sharp crystalline peaks, indicating the

Thermal control of the defunctionalization of supported Au₂₅(glutathione)₁₈ catalysts for benzyl alcohol oxidation

• Zahraa Shahin,
• Hyewon Ji,
• Rodica Chiriac,
• Nadine Essayem,
• Franck Rataboul and
• Aude Demessence

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 228–237, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.21

• ) calcined at 400 °C for 12 hours under air, sample (A400), and (e) the size distribution of the composites – (A) in black, (A200) in red, (A300) in green and (A400) in blue. Monitoring over time of benzyl alcohol oxidative dehydrogenation conversion with Au25(SG)18@ZrO2 before calcination (black), after

Mechanism of silica–lysozyme composite formation unravelled by in situ fast SAXS

• Tomasz M. Stawski,
• Daniela B. van den Heuvel,
• Rogier Besselink,
• Dominique J. Tobler and
• Liane G. Benning

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 182–197, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.17

• Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark Department of Earth Sciences, Free University of Berlin, Malteserstr. 74–100 / Building A, 12249, Berlin, Germany 10.3762/bjnano.10.17 Abstract A quantitative understanding of aggregation mechanisms leading to the formation of composites of

• enzymatic activity. The inherent nature of the aggregation processes leading to NP–LZM composites involves structural changes at length scales from few to at least hundreds of nanometres but also time scales much smaller than one second. To unravel these we used in situ synchrotron-based small-angle X-ray

• : composite; lysozyme; scattering; silica; small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS); Introduction A mechanistic understanding of aggregation in aqueous media leading to the formation of composites of inorganic nanoparticles and proteins is of paramount interest for colloid chemistry, Earth sciences, or the design

Nanoporous water oxidation electrodes with a low loading of laser-deposited Ru/C exhibit enhanced corrosion stability

• Sandra Haschke,
• Dmitrii Pankin,
• Vladimir Mikhailovskii,
• Maïssa K. S. Barr,
• Adriana Both-Engel,
• Alina Manshina and
• Julien Bachmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 157–167, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.15

• address this goal with the synthesis of metal/carbon composites via the laser-induced deposition method already described for carbon-encapsulated Ag/Au nanoparticles (AgAu/C) [31][32][33]. This practically appealing one-step technique bases on the photo-induced decomposition of a dissolved organometallic

• composites (M/C) can be generated in a straightforward manner onto the surface of any substrate with 2D or 3D architecture [34]. We first establish a novel laser-induced deposition method for Ru/C on planar substrates from commercially available triruthenium dodecacarbonyl (Ru3(CO)12). We then transfer the

Scanning probe microscopy for energy-related materials

• Rüdiger Berger,
• Benjamin Grévin,
• Philippe Leclère and
• Yi Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 132–134, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.12

• major topic in our daily life. Jonathan Op de Beeck and co-workers identify the ionic processes occurring inside Li-ion composites in order to understand the impact on the entire battery cell [9]. In particular, the authors combine cAFM and secondary-ion mass spectrometry to correlate the presence of

New micro/mesoporous nanocomposite material from low-cost sources for the efficient removal of aromatic and pathogenic pollutants from water

• Emmanuel I. Unuabonah,
• Robert Nöske,
• Jens Weber,
• Christina Günter and
• Andreas Taubert

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 119–131, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.11

• present in the organic fraction in the 2Z-HYCA composites. There appears to be a doublet peak at 2352 and 2356 cm−1 which signifies the presence of the –C–N stretching mode [34]. The Al–O absorption peak at 917 cm−1 decreases in intensity as the temperature increases. As a result, IR spectroscopy

Wet chemistry route for the decoration of carbon nanotubes with iron oxide nanoparticles for gas sensing

• Hussam M. Elnabawy,
• Juan Casanova-Chafer,
• Badawi Anis,
• Mostafa Fedawy,
• Mattia Scardamaglia,
• Carla Bittencourt,
• Ahmed S. G. Khalil,
• Eduard Llobet and
• Xavier Vilanova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 105–118, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.10

• composites with other materials such as graphene oxide or polyaniline has been reported to detect NO2 [17][18]. The decoration of CNTs with iron oxide has been reported for sensing different species in air such as acetone, CO2 and some volatile organic compounds [19][20][21]. Moreover, composites made of

Graphene–graphite hybrid epoxy composites with controllable workability for thermal management

• Idan Levy,
• Eyal Merary Wormser,
• Maxim Varenik,
• Matat Buzaglo,
• Roey Nadiv and
• Oren Regev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 95–104, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.9

• demonstrate the utility of this approach by fabricating a thermal interface material with tunable workability and testing it in a model electronic device. Keywords: hybrid composites; nanocomposites; rheology; thermal interface material; thermal properties; Introduction Modern-day miniaturization of

• ]. Suitable fillers for such polymer-based TIM composites, whether metallic, ceramic or graphitic, should exhibit excellent thermal conductivity (TC), exceeding 100 W/(m∙K). In recent years, boron nitride (BN) (TC = 360 W/(m∙K) [13]) has been employed as a filler in polymer-based composites, displaying high

• , solder TIM may reach thermal conductivities at least one order-of-magnitude higher than those of carbon-based composites [6]. However, modern trends for minimization and the production of ultra-lightweight electronic devices reject the use of high-density metallic composites, preferring lower-density

Threshold voltage decrease in a thermotropic nematic liquid crystal doped with graphene oxide flakes

• Mateusz Mrukiewicz,
• Krystian Kowiorski,
• Paweł Perkowski,
• Rafał Mazur and
• Małgorzata Djas

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 71–78, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.7

• composites [11][12][13][14]. NLCs doped with graphene or carbon nanotubes show a faster response in electro-optical switching than pure liquid crystal compounds. This effect is caused by trapping of some free ion concentrations [15][16] or reduction in the rotational viscosity [17]. Furthermore, due to

• optical microscope (POM) technique. In the all liquid crystal composites, the GO flakes were well dispersed. The liquid crystal cells exhibited uniform color, indicating that the rod-like molecules were uniformly aligned. However, Figure 3b–e, illustrates some GO aggregation. The size and quantity of the

• slight decrease in birefringence of GO composites compared with the pure 5CB nematic liquid crystal (Figure 3a). For concentrations higher than 0.3 wt %, we can expect the creation of a lyotropic nematic phase in the isotropic phase of the 5CB-GO suspension, as was previously reported [39][40]. We used

Amorphous Ni_xCo_yP-supported TiO₂ nanotube arrays as an efficient hydrogen evolution reaction electrocatalyst in acidic solution

• Yong Li,
• Peng Yang,
• Bin Wang and
• Zhongqing Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 62–70, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.6

• Yong Li Peng Yang Bin Wang Zhongqing Liu School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, P. R. China Engineered Multifunctional Composites (EMC), Knoxville, Tennessee 37934, USA 10.3762/bjnano.10.6 Abstract Bimetallic phosphides have been attracting increasing

A novel polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane-modified layered double hydroxide: preparation, characterization and properties

• Xianwei Zhang,
• Zhongzhu Ma,
• Hong Fan,
• Carla Bittencourt,
• Jintao Wan and
• Philippe Dubois

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 3053–3068, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.284

• after modification, which is expected to eventually limit the potential for applications of LDHs in polymer composites. Polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS) are a class of well-defined nanostructured molecules, which contain a silica cage core and externally attached organic substituents [22

Electrostatic force microscopy for the accurate characterization of interphases in nanocomposites

• Diana El Khoury,
• Richard Arinero,
• Jean-Charles Laurentie,
• Mikhaël Bechelany,
• Michel Ramonda and
• Jérôme Castellon

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2999–3012, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.279

• electron beam bombardment can irreversibly electrically charge the material [20][21]. Moreover, while in the case of composites with 1D or 2D inclusions, the interphase can be directly accessed after cross-sectioning [20][21]; interphase characterization is more difficult for nanoparticle-filled materials

Co-intercalated layered double hydroxides as thermal and photo-oxidation stabilizers for polypropylene

• Qian Zhang,
• Qiyu Gu,
• Fabrice Leroux,
• Pinggui Tang,
• Dianqing Li and
• Yongjun Feng

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2980–2988, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.277

• various techniques. The results show that the powdered HnMn′-Ca2Al-LDHs hybrid materials have a much higher thermal stability than MP-Ca and HALS before intercalation. In addition, the HnMn′-Ca2Al/PP composites exhibit a higher overall resistance against thermal degradation and photo-oxidation compared to

• LDHs intercalated with only HALS or MP. This underlines the benefit of the co-intercalation. The co-intercalated LDH materials pave a new way in designing and fabricating high-performance multifunctional additives for polymers. Keywords: co-intercalation; composites; layered double hydroxides; photo

• functional additives have attracted increasing attention for their wide applications in polymers [7]. Organic anti-aging species have been immobilized onto inorganic supports (e.g., carbon nanotubes, SiO2, graphene oxide) to produce inorganic–organic composites with higher migration resistance [8][9][10

The nanoscaled metal-organic framework ICR-2 as a carrier of porphyrins for photodynamic therapy

• Jan Hynek,
• Sebastian Jurík,
• Martina Koncošová,
• Jaroslav Zelenka,
• Ivana Křížová,
• Tomáš Ruml,
• Kaplan Kirakci,
• Ivo Jakubec,
• František Kovanda,
• Kamil Lang and
• Jan Demel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2960–2967, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.275

• these porphyrins allows for superior loading of the nanoparticles when compared with commonly used 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl)porphyrin. The nanoICR-2/porphyrin composites retain part of the free porphyrins photophysical properties, while the photodynamic efficacy is strongly affected by the R

• retain their photophysical properties including O2(1∆g) generation. We demonstrate the photodynamic activity of these nanoICR-2/porphyrin composites on HeLa cells. Results and Discussion Preparation and characterisation Various organic solvents and temperatures were screened for the successful

• by powder XRD, TEM, DLS, and UV–vis and fluorescence spectroscopy. The powder XRD patterns of all composites, depicted in Figure 4 and Figure S5 (Supporting Information File 1), do not show significant changes in comparison with that of the parent nanoICR-2. Also, the coherent diffraction domain of

Ternary nanocomposites of reduced graphene oxide, polyaniline and hexaniobate: hierarchical architecture and high polaron formation

• Claudio H. B. Silva,
• Maria Iliut,
• Christopher Muryn,
• Christian Berger,
• Zachary Coldrick,
• Vera R. L. Constantino,
• Marcia L. A. Temperini and
• Aravind Vijayaraghavan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2936–2946, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.272

• of the ternary nanocomposite is higher compared to the binary composites. Such results are attributed to cooperative effects of PANI chains with rGO flakes and hexNb nanoscrolls promoted by the nanostructured architecture, resulting in a high doping degree of polymeric chains. The interesting

Layered calcium phenylphosphonate: a hybrid material for a new generation of nanofillers

• Kateřina Kopecká,
• Ludvík Beneš,
• Klára Melánová,
• Vítězslav Zima,
• Petr Knotek and
• Kateřina Zetková

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2906–2915, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.269

• the exfoliation of CaPhP in an amount sufficient for incorporation into polymers involved using propan-2-ol with a strong shear force generated in a high-shear disperser. The filler was tested both in its unexfoliated and exfoliated forms for the preparation of polymer composites, for which a low

• . The addition of the nanofiller was found to influence the composite properties – the exfoliated particles were found to have a higher impact on the properties of the prepared composites than the unexfoliated particles of the same loading Keywords: exfoliation; layered phenylphosphonate; nanomaterial

• forces. The main advantage is that a ready-to-use dispersion of nanoplatelets is obtained, so the step of dispersing dry nanoparticles in a polymer matrix is avoided, which is usually challenging, and thus simplifies the preparation of the polymer composites. In this work, layered calcium

Graphene-enhanced metal oxide gas sensors at room temperature: a review

• Dongjin Sun,
• Yifan Luo,
• Marc Debliquy and
• Chao Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2832–2844, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.264

• of MOS gas sensors. Modifications of composition and surface, and light illumination of MOS are effective ways to improve their gas-sensing performance. MOS composites with graphene or its derivatives can reduce the operating temperature and yield outstanding sensing performance surpassing that of

• the single components. The mechanisms through which graphene enhances the sensing performance of MOS sensors will be interpreted in the following sections. Wang et al. [35] reported that a formaldehyde (HCHO) sensor based on SnO2–GO composites, fabricated via electrospinning, exhibited a three times

• of semiconductor interfaces Reduced graphene oxide (rGO), which plays the role of a p-type semiconductor, can form heterojunctions when forming composites with most metal-oxide semiconductors. In the example of a SnO2–rGO sensor [45], SnO2 and rGO formed p–n heterojunctions. The enhancement mechanism

Nanocellulose: Recent advances and its prospects in environmental remediation

• Katrina Pui Yee Shak,
• Yean Ling Pang and
• Shee Keat Mah

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2479–2498, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.232

• -based composites as adsorbents, photocatalysts, flocculants, and membranes in the field of environmental remediation will be reviewed. Nanocellulose-based adsorbents Wastewater purification using cellulose-based adsorbents materials has been developed as an alternative to the energy intensive and

• −), phosphate (PO43−), fluoride (F−), and sulphate (SO42−). Cationic CNFs exhibited higher selectivity towards multivalent ions (PO43− and SO42−) than monovalent ions (F− and NO3−). On the other hand, the development of nanocellulose composites as adsorbents with numerous supportive properties, magnetic

• nanostructured composites have emerged as new types of photocatalysts with remarkable optical, electrical, mechanical, and thermal properties. The gravitation from petrochemical-based feedstock to environmentally friendly biomaterials such as cellulose-based materials is making headway for a cleaner and more

Evidence of friction reduction in laterally graded materials

• Roberto Guarino,
• Gianluca Costagliola,
• Federico Bosia and
• Nicola Maria Pugno

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2443–2456, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.229

• the FET Proactive “Neurofibres” grant No. 732344 and by the project “Metapp” (n. CSTO160004), funded by Fondazione San Paolo. NMP is supported by the European Commission under the Graphene Flagship Core 2 grant No. 785219 (WP14 “Composites”) and FET Proactive “Neurofibres” grant No. 732344 as well as

SERS active Ag–SiO₂ nanoparticles obtained by laser ablation of silver in colloidal silica

• Cristina Gellini,
• Francesco Muniz-Miranda,
• Alfonso Pedone and
• Maurizio Muniz-Miranda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2396–2404, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.224

• , 41125 Modena, Italy Center for Molecular Modeling, Ghent University, Technologiepark 903, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium 10.3762/bjnano.9.224 Abstract Highly stable Ag–SiO2 nanoparticle composites were first obtained by laser ablation of a silver target in an aqueous colloidal dispersion of silica and

Hydrothermal-derived carbon as a stabilizing matrix for improved cycling performance of silicon-based anodes for lithium-ion full cells

• Mirco Ruttert,
• Florian Holtstiege,
• Jessica Hüsker,
• Markus Börner,
• Martin Winter and
• Tobias Placke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2381–2395, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.223

• 46, 48149 Münster, Germany 10.3762/bjnano.9.223 Abstract In this work, silicon/carbon composites are synthesized by forming an amorphous carbon matrix around silicon nanoparticles (Si-NPs) in a hydrothermal process. The intention of this material design is to combine the beneficial properties of

• synthesized composites show a strong improvement in long-term cycling performance (capacity retention after 103 cycles: ≈55% (20 wt % Si composite) and ≈75% (10 wt % Si composite)), indicating that a homogeneous embedding of Si into the amorphous carbon matrix has a highly beneficial effect. The most

• composites (Si/C), dealing with the incorporation of Si into a variety of different carbon materials, such as graphite, graphene sheets [46][47], porous carbon structures [37][38][48] or the coating of Si using different precursors as carbon sources [49][50][51]. One simple method to form amorphous carbon

Lead-free hybrid perovskites for photovoltaics

• Oleksandr Stroyuk

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2209–2235, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.207

• dominates in the studies of HPs with the typical ETLs being titania and various TiO2-based composites [27]. The most efficient and frequently used HTLs are among the derivatives of spirobifluorene (Spiro-OMeTAD, see Table 1) and polythiophenes (PEDOT:PSS). Recently, very good prospects were recognized for

• the morphology of the scaffold, varying from island-like for the compact TiO2 layers to a more homogeneous MABI deposit on the mesoporous TiO2 [157]. The TiO2/MABI composites can be produced by a double-step interdiffusion method including sequential deposition of BiI3 and CH3NH3I layers followed by