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Search for "films" in Full Text gives 986 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology. Showing first 200.
Ultrafast signatures of magnetic inhomogeneity in Pd1−xFex (x ≤ 0.08) epitaxial thin films
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 836–844, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.74
- Abstract A series of Pd1−xFex alloy epitaxial films (x = 0, 0.038, 0.062, and 0.080), a material promising for superconducting spintronics, was prepared and studied with ultrafast optical and magneto-optical laser spectroscopy in a wide temperature range of 4–300 K. It was found that the transition to the
- inhomogeneities. The low-temperature fraction of the residual paramagnetic phase can be deduced from the magnitude of the slow reflectivity relaxation component. It is estimated as ≈30% for x = 0.038 and ≈15% for x = 0.062 films. The minimal iron content ensuring the magnetic homogeneity of the ferromagnetic
- state in the Pd1−xFex alloy at low temperatures is about 7–8 atom %. Keywords: magnetic inhomogeneities; PdFe alloy; thin epitaxial films; time-resolved magneto-optical Kerr effect; time-resolved optical spectroscopy; Introduction Superconductor-based technologies are promising for exaflop-scale
Temperature and chemical effects on the interfacial energy between a Ga–In–Sn eutectic liquid alloy and nanoscopic asperities
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 817–827, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.72
- oxide [10]. This effect has also been used to trigger the reaction of thin oxide films at the liquid–vapor interface with liquid gallium alloys [11]. While the liquid–vapor interface of liquid gallium-based alloys has been well investigated, the wetting of liquid gallium alloys on different substrates
Optimizing PMMA solutions to suppress contamination in the transfer of CVD graphene for batch production
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 796–806, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.70
- B2 mixture yields more consistent electric properties of the graphene channel, thanks to a homogenous and reproducible process. Such characteristics ultimately translate into a consistent sensor performance, which is pivotal for industrial fabrication. Conclusion Monolayer graphene films and single
- 4.0 Torr was kept constant through the variable frequency-driven pumping system. The growth time for single graphene crystals (250–350 µm) and large-area graphene films (ca. 25 cm2) was 40 and 80 min, respectively. To finalize the process, an argon flush of 500 sccm was conducted to cool down samples
- synthesized graphene domains easy to be observed in an optical microscope equipped with a CCD camera (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S1a). Raman spectroscopy Large-area graphene films and single graphene crystals transferred onto SiO2/Si substrates were characterized by Raman microscopy (WITec GmbH
Recent advances in nanoarchitectures of monocrystalline coordination polymers through confined assembly
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 763–777, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.67
- –liquid or air–liquid interfaces. After evaporation of the solvent, the monocrystalline coordination polymers were packed by the condensed polymer, forming free-standing films. The coordination polymers could also be grown on 1D polyimide fibers first [140]. Then, the 1D fibers could self-assemble into
- nanosheets spontaneously and precisely organized into films at the interface laminarly. The films could be easily transferred to other substrates, and showed superprotonic conductivity, which may be promising for fuel cells. The assembly process of 2D coordination polymer nanosheets could be confined inside
- MIL96−PDMS films on shaped aluminum foil. Figure 7b was reprinted with permission from [139], Copyright 2021, American Chemical Society. This content is not subject to CC BY 4.0. c) Optical micrograph and schematic illustration of the evaporation-directed with assembly with periodic cracks. Figure 7c
A nonenzymatic reduced graphene oxide-based nanosensor for parathion
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 730–744, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.65
- ., hydrazine) as reductants or rapid heat treatment at high temperatures are required for the synthesis of electrochemically reduced GO (ERGO), controlled synthesis of ERGO films could be possible via optimization of electrochemical parameters. These parameters are the range of the applied voltage, numbers of
- bond disappeared in ERGO. The amount of residual oxygenated functional groups in ERGO films is likely to vary depending on the experimental conditions, such as applied potential, reduction times, and the electrolyte used [25]. The process parameters for electrochemical reduction were optimized to
Experimental and theoretical study of field-dependent spin splitting at ferromagnetic insulator–superconductor interfaces
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 682–688, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.60
- the inner peak is broadened, and finally becomes a wide and flat band. Besides this, the self-consistency relation for thin films produces the typical step-like first-order phase transition at the critical δφ (here always plotted for the upper branch of Figure 2), while especially in the case ε’ = 1 a
Reliable fabrication of transparent conducting films by cascade centrifugation and Langmuir–Blodgett deposition of electrochemically exfoliated graphene
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 666–674, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.58
- typically polydisperse, containing particles of various sizes, which is not optimal for applications. We employed cascade centrifugation to select specific particle sizes in solution and prepared thin films from those graphene particles using the Langmuir–Blodgett assembly. Employing centrifugation speeds
- of 3, 4, and 5 krpm, further diluting the solutions in different volumes of solvent, we reliably and consistently obtained films of tunable thickness. We show that there is a limit to how thin these films can be, which is imposed by the percolation threshold. The percolation threshold is
- wavelength of 660 nm is obtained for these films, which is in agreement with earlier works on Langmuir–Blodgett assembled ultrasonic-assisted liquid-phase exfoliated graphene. Our work demonstrates that films that are in all respects on par with films of graphene obtained through other solution-based
Revealing local structural properties of an atomically thin MoSe2 surface using optical microscopy
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 572–581, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.49
- deposited on a MoS2 crystal surface. Using near-edge X-ray absorption (NEXAFS), it was observed a strong dichroism in FePc thin films thicker than 4.5 nm. The strongest intensity of the N 1s→π* orbital transition at grazing incidence implies that the molecules are predominantly flat-lying with respect to
Influence of thickness and morphology of MoS2 on the performance of counter electrodes in dye-sensitized solar cells
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 528–537, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.44
- disulfide (MoS2) was prepared on substrates coated with fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) to substitute the platinum counter electrode (CE) for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Herein, we synthesized layered and honeycomb-like MoS2 thin films via the cyclic voltammetry (CV) route. Thickness and morphology
- of the MoS2 thin films were controlled via the concentration of precursor solution. The obtained results showed that MoS2 thin films formed at a low precursor concentration had a layered morphology while a honeycomb-like MoS2 thin film was formed at a high precursor concentration. Both types of MoS2
- allows for the direct deposition of MoS2 thin films from liquid precursors onto various conducting substrates with easily controlled thickness and morphology. Several reports have already been published that describe the control of structure and morphology of electrodeposited MoS2 to maximize its
Design and characterization of polymeric microneedles containing extracts of Brazilian green propolis
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 503–516, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.42
- , microneedles have been developed to cross the stratum corneum and enable the use of the transdermal route in different therapies [6]. Propolis (PRP) has already been studied in wound healing when incorporated in many vehicles, such as ointments, emulsions, hydrogels, films, or as hydroalcoholic or glycolic
- yielded more malleable structures. Previous studies have shown that films containing PVA and propylene glycol are more malleable due to the breaking of hydrogen bonds by the effect of propylene glycol [34]. The factorial design chosen allowed us to evaluate the characteristics of the formulations
Zinc oxide nanostructures for fluorescence and Raman signal enhancement: a review
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 472–490, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.40
- , enhanced Raman scattering for periodic ZnO-elevated Au dimer nanostructures [12] and enhanced fluorescence emission signals from Al-doped ZnO films [13] were obtained. The development of hybrid nanocomposites based on ZnO and noble metals for fluorescence and Raman signal enhancement has recently attracted
- . Numerous studies have demonstrated the enhancement of both near band edge (NBE) and defect emissions using ZnO decorated with metallic NPs [92][93]. The study in [92] showed a PL enhancement of the Au–ZnO heterojunction system by an order of magnitude when ZnO thin films were incorporated with gold
- Au NPs. Photoluminescence spectra of ZnO films were studied after doping them with 29% Au annealed at 300 °C in air. After Au incorporation, a strong increase of both UV and visible ZnO emission bands was obtained [94]. Another study [95] obtained 1.5-fold to 2.8-fold enhancements for Au-decorated
Tunable superconducting neurons for networks based on radial basis functions
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 444–454, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.37
- and parametric amplifiers. But these devices use nonlinear properties of thin superconducting films at large values of carrying currents comparable to the critical current. However, for our purposes, linear inductors are required. So we consider only the case of a small current in comparison with the
A non-enzymatic electrochemical hydrogen peroxide sensor based on copper oxide nanostructures
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 424–436, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.35
- on the surface of the main CuO layer (f). XRD pattern of CuO films. The red diffractogram corresponds to the sample obtained by thermal oxidation and the black diffractogram corresponds to the sample obtained by chemical hydrothermal oxidation. (a) CV results for a nanostructured CuO film in 0.1 M
A chemiresistive sensor array based on polyaniline nanocomposites and machine learning classification
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 411–423, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.34
- Scikit-learn, which is one of the most popular machine learning libraries of python. Anaconda installer for Python 3.8 was used to run all the libraries and Jupyter Notebooks. This work contains parts from the thesis of J. Kroutil, "Gas sensor array with nanocomposite films", Czech Technical University
Micro- and nanotechnology in biomedical engineering for cartilage tissue regeneration in osteoarthritis
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 363–389, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.31
- films (nanofiber composites) coated with PLDLA nanofibers on the behavior of bovine chondrocytes [109]. The researchers observed that electrospun nanofibers supported the adhesion of cells and maintained the chondrocyte phenotype. Besides, the adhesivity and mechanics of the nanofiber-based scaffolds
- , and OH) and surface roughness to CNT, Antonioli et al. used oxygen plasma treatment and fabricated novel superhydrophilic VA–CTN films. This treatment could increase the wettability of the nanofilms to acquire appreciable cytocompatibility [134]. The chondrocytes expressed major chondrogenic markers
Selected properties of AlxZnyO thin films prepared by reactive pulsed magnetron sputtering using a two-element Zn/Al target
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 344–354, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.29
- Witold Posadowski Artur Wiatrowski Jaroslaw Domaradzki Michal Mazur Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Electronics, Photonics and Microsystems, Janiszewskiego 11/17, 50-372 Wrocław, Poland 10.3762/bjnano.13.29 Abstract AlxZnyO thin films were obtained by reactive pulsed
- magnetron sputtering. A two-element Zn/Al planar target was used as source material prepared in the form of a Zn disc (100 mm diameter) with Al rings pressed into its surface. The sputtering processes were carried out in a mixture of argon and oxygen. The films were deposited with a discharge power of PE
- = 400 W, which corresponded to a power density on the target surface of approximately 5 W/cm2. The films were deposited on glass strip substrates, placed symmetrically over the target, making it possible to obtain films with different composition and thickness. The film sheet resistance was measured as
Controllable two- and three-state magnetization switching in single-layer epitaxial Pd1−xFex films and an epitaxial Pd0.92Fe0.08/Ag/Pd0.96Fe0.04 heterostructure
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 334–343, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.28
- , extending its functionality. Palladium–iron alloys Pd1−xFex with x < 0.10 are of strong practical interest for such MJJ and SSV structures [13][14][15][16][17] as a material for weak ferromagnetic links with tunable magnetic properties [18]. Epitaxial films of Pd1−xFex alloys with low iron content x are
- easy-plane ferromagnets with four-fold anisotropy in the film plane [18][19]. Our conjecture is a possibility to switch the magnetic moment of a Pd1−xFex alloy film between the steady directions (90° apart) as it had been done with epitaxial iron films [20][21][22]. To realize this idea, it is
- magnetic moment by 90° in epitaxial Pd1−xFex films has not been yet explored. In [18][19], based on magnetometry data, it was assumed that magnetization reversal occurs as a result of the coherent rotation of the magnetic moment by 180°; and in the study of the Pd0.96Fe0.04/VN/Pd0.92Fe0.08 structure [23
A broadband detector based on series YBCO grain boundary Josephson junctions
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 325–333, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.27
- deposition of YBaCuO films on a bicrystal substrate [25]. This problem can be mitigated by using ion irradiation [4][18][26] or step-edge junction technology [19], which will significantly increase the receiving properties and efficiency of the JJ series at high frequencies. While the integral received power
Interfacial nanoarchitectonics for ZIF-8 membranes with enhanced gas separation
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 313–324, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.26
- films were synthesized via an interfacial method, while an interfacial method and a counter-diffusion method were adopted to synthesize α-Al2O3-supported ZIF-8 membranes for CO2/N2 gas separation. Materials and Methods Chemicals Zinc nitrate hexahydrate, 2-methylimidazole (2-MIM), sodium formate of
- reagent grade, methanol and 1-octanol of analysis grade were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Deionized water produced with a Merck Millipore system was used. The α-Al2O3 disks (30 mm in diameter and 1 mm in thickness) were purchased from Fraunhofer IKTS. Synthesis of ZIF-8 free-standing films Zinc nitrate
- -ray diffraction were measured on a Rigaku Ultima IV with Cu Kα radiation (λ = 1.5418 Å) to check the crystallinity of the synthesized ZIF-8 thin films. The morphology of the supports, the free-standing thin films, and the supported membranes was observed by FE-SEM (NovaTM NanoSEM 230). The elemental
Investigation of a memory effect in a Au/(Ti–Cu)Ox-gradient thin film/TiAlV structure
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 265–273, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.21
- analysis of resistive switching properties observed in a Au/(Ti–Cu)Ox/TiAlV structure with a gradient distribution of Cu and Ti along the (Ti–Cu)Ox thin film thickness. Thin films were prepared via multisource reactive magnetron co-sputtering. The programmed profile of the pulse width modulation
- resistive switching behavior. Results of optical, X-ray, and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy measurements allowed us to elaborate the scheme of the bandgap alignment of the prepared thin films with respect to the Au and TiAlV electrical contacts. Detailed structure and elemental profile
- previous works [41][42] have shown that an interesting alternative to the well-known conventional structures, with a multilayer stack of thin films with different electrical conducting and nonconducting properties described above, could be a thin film the composition of which changes along its thickness
Relationship between corrosion and nanoscale friction on a metallic glass
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 236–244, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.18
- films form on most metal surfaces and act as a barrier to the corrosive environment, thus impeding further corrosion. The corrosion properties of MGs, for example, the ability to passivate and to remain in the passive state in corrosive aqueous solutions, have been addressed in many studies using
- electrochemical methods, often combined with surface analytical techniques [13][14][15]. Wang et al. [13] reported that the passive oxide films are grown as a double layer structure on MGs with a corrosion product layer underlying an inner barrier layer in NaCl and Na2SO4 solutions. Since most metals and alloys
- are susceptible to corrosion when exposed to environmental conditions, the role of surface chemistry for friction must be investigated. At the macroscale, the existence of metal oxide surface films on MGs enhanced the wear resistance in corrosive solutions and the fluid lubricating films formed by
Piezoelectric nanogenerator for bio-mechanical strain measurement
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 192–200, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.14
- usually non-polar as their structural packing is anti-parallel [21]. Usually, PVDF is non-reactive towards acids and bases. It was discovered in 1969 that PVDF can produce electrical signals. Thus, it can be used in various applications of energy harvesting, in various forms such as fibers, films
- through three different PVDF solutions (12, 14, and 16 wt %). The secondary electron images, taken at 10,000× and 40,000×, magnifications of prepared PVDF electrospun films from a 12 wt % polymer solution are shown in Figure 2A. The images show that the nanofibers have a more bead-on-string-like structure
Low-energy electron interaction and focused electron beam-induced deposition of molybdenum hexacarbonyl (Mo(CO)6)
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 182–191, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.13
- ; dissociative ionisation; focused electron beam-induced deposition; molybdenum hexacarbonyl; Introduction Studies on Mo-based semiconductor materials for the application as thin films with wafer-scale thickness homogeneity [1] and for solar hydrogen production [2] have attracted interest in the last years. For
Tin dioxide nanomaterial-based photocatalysts for nitrogen oxide oxidation: a review
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 96–113, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.7
- cell of rutile SnO2, a Sn4+ ion is bonded to six oxygen ions, and every oxygen atom is coordinated by three Sn4+ ions, forming a (6, 3) coordination structure [44]. When SnO2 materials are prepared as thin films with two to eight layers the bandgap is larger than that of bulk SnO2 and decreases with
- thin film materials that can replace powder materials, (5) adhering the catalyst materials on commercial films such as polypropylene, polytetrafluorethylene, or PM2.5 films for real-life applications, such as air filters and NOx gas treatment membranes; and (6) applying the materials in biological
Sputtering onto liquids: a critical review
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 10–53, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.2
- research papers for almost 20 years until 1996 when two research groups reported SoL experiments. Ye et al. studied the formation of silver films on the surface of silicon oil [10] while Wagener et al. prepared silver and aluminium NPs by deposition onto silicon oil using various experimental conditions
- SoL is presented including monometallic and alloy NPs, oxide NPs, thin films, and nanocomposites and their promising optical, luminescence, and catalytic properties. Review 1 Theoretical background 1.1 Techniques available for the synthesis of NPs The mass production of NPs with controlled
- gauge, the electric power supply, and the gas inlets. Sputtering processes have been studied and developed for a long time [7][8] and have been implemented in the coating industry to deposit nanometer-scale films onto various solid substrates. Such functional coatings must have tailored physicochemical
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