Fabrication and characterization of Si_1−xGe_x nanocrystals in as-grown and annealed structures: a comparative study

• Muhammad Taha Sultan,
• Adrian Valentin Maraloiu,
• Ionel Stavarache,
• Jón Tómas Gudmundsson,
• Andrei Manolescu,
• Valentin Serban Teodorescu,
• Magdalena Lidia Ciurea and
• Halldór Gudfinnur Svavarsson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1873–1882, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.182

• grazing incidence XRD (GIXRD) and X-ray reflectometry (XRR) via Philips X'pert diffractometer (Cu Kα, 0.15406 nm, precision of 0.00001°) and Jeol ARM 200F transmission electron microscopy (TEM). For the X-ray diffraction scans, a 2×Ge(220) asymmetrical hybrid monochromator utilizing line focus, with a 1/4

Engineered superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) for dual-modality imaging of intracranial glioblastoma via EGFRvIII targeting

• Xianping Liu,
• Chengjuan Du,
• Haichun Li,
• Ting Jiang,
• Zimiao Luo,
• Zhiqing Pang,
• Daoying Geng and
• Jun Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1860–1872, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.181

• solvent B was 0.09% trifluoroacetic acid with 80% acetonitrile solution. The peptide conjugation efficiency was calculated according to the following formula: Characterization of PEG-SPIONs The morphological shape of the PNPs was analyzed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) (H-600, Hitachi, Japan

Toxicity and safety study of silver and gold nanoparticles functionalized with cysteine and glutathione

• Barbara Pem,
• Igor M. Pongrac,
• Lea Ulm,
• Ivan Pavičić,
• Valerije Vrček,
• Darija Domazet Jurašin,
• Marija Ljubojević,
• Adela Krivohlavek and
• Ivana Vinković Vrček

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1802–1817, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.175

• light scattering (ELS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques. The obtained results showed that the molar ratio of reactants was more important for the successful preparation of stable NPs than all other parameters and experimental conditions. With regard to using CYS as a stabilizing

Synthesis of nickel/gallium nanoalloys using a dual-source approach in 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazole ionic liquids

• Ilka Simon,
• Julius Hornung,
• Juri Barthel,
• Jörg Thomas,
• Maik Finze,
• Roland A. Fischer and
• Christoph Janiak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1754–1767, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.171

• = 1,5-cyclooctadiene) and GaCp* (Cp* = pentamethylcyclopentadienyl) in the ionic liquid [BMIm][NTf2] selectively yields small intermetallic Ni/Ga nanocrystals of 5 ± 1 nm as derived from transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy

• from the nanoparticle/IL dispersion and washed several times with acetonitrile. PXRDs were measured for 1 h. Transmission electron microscopy. TEM was performed with a FEI Tecnai G2 F20 electron microscope [78] operated at 200 kV accelerating voltage, with a FEI Titan 80-300 TEM operated at 300 kV

Remarkable electronic and optical anisotropy of layered 1T’-WTe₂ 2D materials

• Qiankun Zhang,
• Rongjie Zhang,
• Jiancui Chen,
• Wanfu Shen,
• Chunhua An,
• Xiaodong Hu,
• Mingli Dong,
• Jing Liu and
• Lianqing Zhu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1745–1753, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.170

• peaks at 572.7 eV (3d5/2) and 582.9 eV (3d3/2), respectively, corresponding to W–Te bonds (Figure 1b right in red) [27]. The crystalline parameters of WTe2 were further studied through transmission electron microscopy (TEM), where a typical high-resolution TEM image displayed in Figure 1c shows the

TiO₂/GO-coated functional separator to suppress polysulfide migration in lithium–sulfur batteries

• Ning Liu,
• Lu Wang,
• Taizhe Tan,
• Yan Zhao and
• Yongguang Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1726–1736, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.168

• distribution of Ti and O elements (Figure 3b). In addition, the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) image of TiO2 shows the nanoporous architecture with dark nanowires and bright nanopores (Figure 3c). On the other hand, the SEM and TEM images of the as-prepared TiO2/GO composite show that the surface of

Stationary beam full-field transmission helium ion microscopy using sub-50 keV He⁺: Projected images and intensity patterns

• Michael Mousley,
• Santhana Eswara,
• Olivier De Castro,
• Olivier Bouton,
• Nico Klingner,
• Christoph T. Koch,
• Gregor Hlawacek and
• Tom Wirtz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1648–1657, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.160

• thickness fringes seen in transmission electron microscopy (TEM) have been observed in a HIM and have possible explanations involving diffraction [19] or inelastic scattering [23] of He+ ions. This observation led to computational work investigating coherent scattering, channeling and diffraction of He

Kelvin probe force microscopy work function characterization of transition metal oxide crystals under ongoing reduction and oxidation

• Dominik Wrana,
• Karol Cieślik,
• Wojciech Belza,
• Christian Rodenbücher,
• Krzysztof Szot and
• Franciszek Krok

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1596–1607, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.155

• width of a few hundred nanometers and a height of tens of nanometers – see Figure 1. Their size could be easily tuned either by the temperature or time of reduction [12]. The perfect crystallographic order of TiO nanostructures is confirmed by the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) measurements in

Synthesis of P- and N-doped carbon catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction via controlled phosphoric acid treatment of folic acid

• Rieko Kobayashi,
• Takafumi Ishii,
• Yasuo Imashiro and
• Jun-ichi Ozaki

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1497–1510, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.148

• H-series precursors. Figure 1a,b shows the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images of the selected samples. Comparing the images of (a) H-1000 and (b) P-1000 revealed differences in the carbon structure. P-1000 is less dense than H-1000 and exhibits a round surface composed of graphitic layers

Selective gas detection using Mn₃O₄/WO₃ composites as a sensing layer

• Yongjiao Sun,
• Zhichao Yu,
• Wenda Wang,
• Pengwei Li,
• Gang Li,
• Wendong Zhang,
• Lin Chen,
• Serge Zhuivkov and
• Jie Hu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1423–1433, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.140

• nanoparticles increases further. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was employed to gain further insight into the crystallographic features of the Mn3O4/WO3 composites. Figure 3a exhibits a low-magnification TEM image of the 5 atom % Mn3O4/WO3 composite. The structural and crystallographic properties were

BiOCl/TiO₂/diatomite composites with enhanced visible-light photocatalytic activity for the degradation of rhodamine B

• Minlin Ao,
• Kun Liu,
• Xuekun Tang,
• Zishun Li,
• Qian Peng and
• Jing Huang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1412–1422, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.139

• . For comparison purposes, pure BiOCl was prepared according to similar procedures without adding TiO2/diatomite. Characterization The morphology of the samples was characterized by a Phenom World Phenom ProX scanning electron microscope (SEM) and a JEOL JEMe1200EX transmission electron microscopy (TEM

Warped graphitic layers generated by oxidation of fullerene extraction residue and its oxygen reduction catalytic activity

• Machiko Takigami,
• Rieko Kobayashi,
• Takafumi Ishii,
• Yasuo Imashiro and
• Jun-ichi Ozaki

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1391–1400, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.137

• study employed a fullerene extraction residue as a starting material to construct WGLs. The oxidation of the material at 600 °C exposed the WGLs by removing the surrounding amorphous moieties. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations revealed the formation of WGLs by oxidation treatment at

• The structure of the prepared carbons was studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The transmission electron microscope (JEM-2010, JEOL Inc.) was operated at an accelerating voltage of 200 kV. The X-ray diffractometer (XRD6100, Shimadzu Corp.) was equipped with a

• non-metal carbon-based cathode catalysts for PEFCs and illuminates interesting aspects of carbon materials. Comparison of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images of prepared carbons. (a) Unmodified Nanom Black material (NB-ORG), the oxidized samples (b) ONB-1, (c) ONB-2 and (d) ONB-5, and (e

Highly ordered mesoporous silica film nanocomposites containing gold nanoparticles for the catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol

• Mohamad Azani Jalani,
• Leny Yuliati,
• Siew Ling Lee and
• Hendrik O. Lintang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1368–1379, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.135

• assumption of a 1 nm wall thickness. Figure 3b provides transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images of [Au3Pz3]C10TEG/silicahex, showing a uniform structure with a hexagonal arrangement. The interpore distance based on this TEM image was calculated to be around 4.0 to 5.0 nm, which was in good agreement

• ) measurements were carried out at on a Bruker D8 Advance diffractometer with Cu Kα radiation. Ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) spectra were recorded on a Thermo Scientific model GENESYS 10S UV–vis spectroscopy. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images were obtained by using a JEOL JEM-2100 device operating at

Janus-micromotor-based on–off luminescence sensor for active TNT detection

• Ye Yuan,
• Changyong Gao,
• Daolin Wang,
• Chang Zhou,
• Baohua Zhu and
• Qiang He

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1324–1331, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.131

• transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The TEM images in Figure 1b show that both the as-prepared UCNPs (inset image) and the APTES-modified UCNPs have good monodispersity and a hexagonal structure. The diameter of the APTES-UCNPs increased from 65 nm to 71 nm after modification with APTES. The chemical

A silver-nanoparticle/cellulose-nanofiber composite as a highly effective substrate for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy

• Yongxin Lu,
• Yan Luo,
• Zehao Lin and
• Jianguo Huang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1270–1279, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.126

• demonstrated in Figure 1f, more nanogaps between the silver nanoparticles exist in the substrate Ag-NP/cellulose-NF–C, which would be beneficial for the enhanced SERS effect. Figure 2a shows the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) image of the sample Ag-NP/cellulose-NF–C showing the silver nanoparticles

• /cellulose-NF composite sheets by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) were carried out in a Hitachi SU-70 electron instrument with an EDAX HORIBA X-Max 80006 equipment working at accelerating voltages of 3.0 kV. To prepare the samples for transmission electron microscopy (TEM) measurements

Alloyed Pt₃M (M = Co, Ni) nanoparticles supported on S- and N-doped carbon nanotubes for the oxygen reduction reaction

• Stéphane Louisia,
• Yohann R. J. Thomas,
• Pierre Lecante,
• Marie Heitzmann,
• M. Rosa Axet,
• Pierre-André Jacques and
• Philippe Serp

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1251–1269, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.125

• samples were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM, JEOL, JEM-1011 at 100 kV) and high-resolution TEM (HRTEM, JEM-ARM200F Cold FEG, STEM-EDX CENTURIO-X, GATAN Gif quantum ER), chemical analysis (CHN Perkin Elmer elemental analyzer), Raman spectroscopy at 633 nm (SmartsSPM-1000 AIST-NT

Tailoring the magnetic properties of cobalt ferrite nanoparticles using the polyol process

• Malek Bibani,
• Romain Breitwieser,
• Alex Aubert,
• Vincent Loyau,
• Silvana Mercone,
• Souad Ammar and
• Fayna Mammeri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1166–1176, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.116

• refluxing (3, 6 and 15 h). The structure, microstructure and composition of the resulting NPs were then investigated by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF), respectively. The magnetic properties were also evaluated using standard

• estimated from the XRD patterns are in good agreement with the mean diameters deduced from transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images (Table 1), meaning that the nanoparticles are monocrystalline. The micrographs given in Figure 3 and Figure 4 present the two series of nanoparticles (x = 1 and x = 0.67

Photoactive nanoarchitectures based on clays incorporating TiO₂ and ZnO nanoparticles

• Eduardo Ruiz-Hitzky,
• Pilar Aranda,
• Marwa Akkari,
• Nithima Khaorapapong and
• Makoto Ogawa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1140–1156, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.114

• often on the external surface of clay minerals [8][11]. The particle shape and size have been evaluated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) using the Scherrer equation, in addition to the spectroscopic information obtained from the shift of the UV–vis absorption band to

Synthesis and characterization of quaternary La(Sr)S–TaS₂ misfit-layered nanotubes

• Marco Serra,
• Erumpukuthickal Ashokkumar Anumol,
• Dalit Stolovas,
• Iddo Pinkas,
• Ernesto Joselevich,
• Reshef Tenne,
• Andrey Enyashin and
• Francis Leonard Deepak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1112–1124, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.111

• electron microscopy (SEM) was done by LEO model Supra 55VP SEM. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) were performed on a Titan Themis 80-300 microscope with probe and image spherical aberration (Cs) correctors, at 200 kV. Energy-dispersive X-ray

Scavenging of reactive oxygen species by phenolic compound-modified maghemite nanoparticles

• Małgorzata Świętek,
• Yi-Chin Lu,
• Rafał Konefał,
• Liliana P. Ferreira,
• M. Margarida Cruz,
• Yunn-Hwa Ma and
• Daniel Horák

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1073–1088, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.108

• the amount of DPPH radicals by half. IC50 values were calculated from the linear dependence of the absorbance on the concentration of a phenolic compound. Each experiment was performed in triplicate. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM). An FEI Tecnai G2 Spirit TEM microscope (Brno, Czech Republic

Correlation of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) with the surface density of gold nanoparticles: evaluation of the critical number of SERS tags for a detectable signal

• Vincenzo Amendola

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1016–1023, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.102

• different Raman reporters that are resonant at 633 nm, and their stabilization with a biocompatible and hydrophilic coating. Their performance was tested by correlating the Raman signal to the density of Au nanotags (AuNTs) per unit area, as obtained by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis of the

• previously reported [43]. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was performed on an FEI Tecnai G2 12 instrument operating at 100 kV and equipped with a TVIPS CCD camera. The micro-Raman measurements were recorded with a 20× (NA 0.40, 64% coverage) or a 50× (NA 0.75, 100% coverage) Olympus objective on the

Structural and optical properties of penicillamine-protected gold nanocluster fractions separated by sequential size-selective fractionation

• Xiupei Yang,
• Zhengli Yang,
• Fenglin Tang,
• Jing Xu,
• Maoxue Zhang and
• Martin M. F. Choi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 955–966, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.96

• fractionation, the crude AuNCs and fractions obtained from SSSP have been investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and UV–vis absorption together with photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. Experimental Chemicals and

Effects of gold and PCL- or PLLA-coated silica nanoparticles on brain endothelial cells and the blood–brain barrier

• Aniela Bittner,
• Angélique D. Ducray,
• Hans Rudolf Widmer,
• Michael H. Stoffel and
• Meike Mevissen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 941–954, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.95

• was removed and the remaining MTT-formazan was dissolved in DMSO (Sigma, Switzerland). Absorbance was measured at 540 nm using a plate reader (Synergy HT, BioTek, Switzerland). Nanoparticle uptake PCL-, PLLA- and Au-NP uptake was investigated using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). PCL- and PLLA

Synthesis of novel C-doped g-C₃N₄ nanosheets coupled with CdIn₂S₄ for enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution

• Jingshuai Chen,
• Chang-Jie Mao,
• Helin Niu and
• Ji-Ming Song

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 912–921, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.92

• samples were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images. As can be seen in Figure 4a,b, the CCN sample displays a representative two-dimensional layered structure that is ultrathin. After the addition of CdIn2S4 to form the heterojunction with CCN, the CdIn2S4 crystals are attached to

• , CISCCN5 and CISCCN10, respectively. Pure CdIn2S4 (CIS) was also synthesized by the same hydrothermal method but without adding CCN. Characterization The as-prepared products were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) (JEM-2100, JEOL, Japan), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR

The systemic effect of PEG-nGO-induced oxidative stress in vivo in a rodent model

• Qura Tul Ain,
• Samina Hyder Haq,
• Abeer Alshammari,
• Moudhi Abdullah Al-Mutlaq and
• Muhammad Naeem Anjum

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 901–911, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.91

• ). Graphene oxide sheets (GOS) were synthesized via a modified Hummer's method and were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The method of Zhang was adopted for cracking of GOS. Then nano-graphene oxide was PEGylated with

• epoxide groups [42]. A red-shift of λmax to 260 nm is observed for PEG-nGO [44]. Transmission electron microscopy Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to examine the morphology of GO, nGO, and PEG-nGO. A wrinkled sheet of GO, and round-shaped nGO, appeared under TEM (JEOL TEM-1400 Plus