Green fabrication of lanthanide-doped hydroxide-based phosphors: Y(OH)₃:Eu³⁺ nanoparticles for white light generation

• Tugrul Guner,
• Anilcan Kus,
• Mehmet Ozcan,
• Aziz Genc,
• Hasan Sahin and
• Mustafa M. Demir

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1200–1210, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.119

• diffraction (XRD; X’Pert Pro, Philips, Eindhoven, The Netherlands), while their morphology was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM; Quanta 250, FEI, Hillsboro, OR, USA). High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) micrographs were obtained using an FEI Tecnai F20 field emission gun

Synthesis and characterization of quaternary La(Sr)S–TaS₂ misfit-layered nanotubes

• Marco Serra,
• Erumpukuthickal Ashokkumar Anumol,
• Dalit Stolovas,
• Iddo Pinkas,
• Ernesto Joselevich,
• Reshef Tenne,
• Andrey Enyashin and
• Francis Leonard Deepak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1112–1124, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.111

• axis. From the HRTEM images, a periodicity of ≈1.16 nm along the c-axis was concluded (Figure 5a). The analysis of HAADF-STEM images of a SrxLa1−xS–TaS2 nanotube from a sample containing 20 atom % Sr substitution shows that nanotubes with different folding vectors are present. For example, in Figure 6a

• was obtained in the analyzed nanotubes. The S map shows more or less uniform distribution in the nanotube. HRTEM imaging and SAED analysis were carried out on a SrxLa1−xS–TaS2 sample with 60 atom % Sr in the precursor (40 atom % La). The nanotube was found to have an interlayer periodicity of ≈1.18 nm

• the lattice. EDX quantification indicated that the La/Sr ratio is in the range 38–61 (La):62–39 (Sr) in the analyzed nanotubes. This analysis shows that the Sr atoms can substitute for the La atoms up to about 60 atom %. The HRTEM/EDX analysis does not indicate any Sr substitution into the TaS2

Structural and optical properties of penicillamine-protected gold nanocluster fractions separated by sequential size-selective fractionation

• Xiupei Yang,
• Zhengli Yang,
• Fenglin Tang,
• Jing Xu,
• Maoxue Zhang and
• Martin M. F. Choi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 955–966, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.96

• sequentially. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) shows that the four fractions are well-dispersed spherical particles of diameter 3.0 ± 0.6, 2.3 ± 0.5, 1.7 ± 0.4, and 1.2 ± 0.4 nm. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy suggests that disulfide, excess ligands and gold(I) complexes

• supernatant was dried with N2 which was designated as the residue. Characterization of the structure and optical properties of gold nanoclusters High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) measurements were recorded on a JEOL 2010 transmission electron microscope (Tokyo, Japan) operating at an

• spectrophotometer (Varian, Palo Alto, CA, USA). The PL properties of the samples were acquired on a QM4 spectrofluorometer (Photon Technology International, Lawrenceville, NJ, USA). Results and Discussion TEM characterization Figure 2A shows an HRTEM image of the crude AuNC product. It is clearly observed that the

Synthesis of MnO₂–CuO–Fe₂O₃/CNTs catalysts: low-temperature SCR activity and formation mechanism

• Yanbing Zhang,
• Lihua Liu,
• Yingzan Chen,
• Xianglong Cheng,
• Chengjian Song,
• Mingjie Ding and
• Haipeng Zhao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 848–855, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.85

• the acid-treated CNTs and the catalysts were investigated by TEM and HRTEM (Figure 3). The acid-treated CNTs have a smooth external surface (Figure 3a) that becomes coarse after being loaded with active metal oxide (Figure 3b). Additionally, the HRTEM images show the presence of catalysts nanoflakes

• , also verifying the generation of metal oxide catalysts on the CNT surface. The EDX spectrum (Figure 3d) shows signals of Mn, Cu, Fe, O and C. Clear lattice fringes of the metal oxides cannot be observed in the HRTEM images, indicating the generation of amorphous materials, which is consistent with the

• catalysts: (a) acid-treated CNTs, (b) 1% MnO2–CuO–Fe2O3/CNTs, (c) 2% MnO2–CuO–Fe2O3/CNTs, (d) 4% MnO2–CuO–Fe2O3/CNTs, (e) 6% MnO2–CuO–Fe2O3/CNTs, and (f) Mn–Cu–FeOx/CNTs-IWIM. TEM and HRTEM images, as well as EDX spectrum of CNT-based samples: (a) CNTs, (b–d) 4% MnO2–CuO–Fe2O3/CNTs. XPS results of the as

Tungsten disulfide-based nanocomposites for photothermal therapy

• Tzuriel Levin,
• Hagit Sade,
• Rina Ben-Shabbat Binyamini,
• Maayan Pour,
• Iftach Nachman and
• Jean-Paul Lellouche

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 811–822, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.81

• , US) and then dried at ambient temperature for 24 h. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) images were acquired using a high-resolution transmission electron microscope (JEM 2100, JEOL Inc., Peabody, MA, US) equipped with a 4k × 4k CCD camera (Gatan, Pleasanton, CA, US). Samples

• Figure 2a and Figure 2c; cf. Figure 2d and Figure 2f), is that WS2-NT-CM is significantly less aggregated in aqueous dispersion compared to WS2-NT. Here, too, the electrostatic repulsion provided by CAN-mag is probably the reason. In the HRTEM image of WS2-NT-CM (Figure 2e), the crystalline nanoparticles

• of maghemite are easily observed, including visible lattice fringes (marked in yellow). TEM images of WS2-NT-CM-PEI (Figure 2g) and WS2-NT-CM-PAA (Figure 2i) show that the dark CAN-mag composite is surrounded by a lighter substance, namely the organic polymer (PEI or PAA). A closer look by HRTEM into

Ultrasonication-assisted synthesis of CsPbBr₃ and Cs₄PbBr₆ perovskite nanocrystals and their reversible transformation

• Longshi Rao,
• Xinrui Ding,
• Xuewei Du,
• Guanwei Liang,
• Yong Tang,
• Kairui Tang and
• Jin Z. Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 666–676, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.66

• Figure 1a, the diffraction pattern clearly indicates that orthorhombic CsPbBr3 PNCs (PDF card #18-0364) were formed. No other phases were observed, suggesting the high purity of the samples. The TEM image shown in Figure 1b demonstrates that the CsPbBr3 PNCs have a regular square morphology. HRTEM was

• nanoparticles that have been reported before [23][35][36]. The HRTEM image shown in Figure 4d demonstrates an interplanar spacing of 0.39 nm, corresponding to the (300) crystal plane of bulk Cs4PbBr6, which is also consistent with the PDF card #73-2478. The size of the Cs4PbBr6 PNCs is defined here as the

• , JEM-2100F, JEOL, Japan) with an accelerating voltage of 100 kV. High-resolution TEM (HRTEM) was carried out on a JEOL JEM-2100F instrument operating at 200 kV. The crystal phases of the products were measured using an X-ray diffractometer (XRD, D8-Advance, Bruker, Germany) with a Cu Kα radiation

Enhancement in thermoelectric properties due to Ag nanoparticles incorporated in Bi₂Te₃ matrix

• Srashti Gupta,
• Dinesh Chandra Agarwal,
• Bathula Sivaiah,
• Sankarakumar Amrithpandian,
• Kandasami Asokan,
• Ajay Dhar,
• Binaya Kumar Panigrahi,
• Devesh Kumar Avasthi and
• Vinay Gupta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 634–643, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.63

• characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and thermoelectric measurements. XRD measurements were performed using a Bruker D8 Avance diffractometer with Cu Kα (1.5406 Å) radiation. TEM investigations were carried out using a LIBRA 200 FE HRTEM. Gatan software [22] was used

• for analysis of HRTEM images of samples. Scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM EDS) was performed using a field-emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) [MIRA\\, TESCAN]. Temperature-dependent thermoelectric measurements were carried out for all samples with size

• with Bi2Te3. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high-resolution TEM (HRTEM) images of Bi2Te3:Ag samples annealed at 573 K are shown in Figure 3. Figure 3a,b shows the bright-field image and the HRTEM image of the as-prepared Bi2Te3 samples with

A porous 3D-RGO@MWCNT hybrid material as Li–S battery cathode

• Yongguang Zhang,
• Jun Ren,
• Yan Zhao,
• Taizhe Tan,
• Fuxing Yin and
• Yichao Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 514–521, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.52

• (HRTEM, JEOL JEM-2100F) images were used for investigating surface topology. The content of sulfur in the S-3D-RGO@MWCNT composite was confirmed using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA, SHIMADZU DTG-60) in Ar atmosphere. Raman spectra were recorded on Raman spectrometer (Raman, Renishaw) using 532 nm

Reduced graphene oxide supported C₃N₄ nanoflakes and quantum dots as metal-free catalysts for visible light assisted CO₂ reduction

• Md Rakibuddin and
• Haekyoung Kim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 448–458, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.44

• size of the CN-5 QDs has been confirmed from the HRTEM results. Figure 9 exhibits HRTEM images of the GCN-5 QDs. It can clearly be seen that CN-5 QDs are decorated (marked by circle and arrows) onto the GO surface with an average diameter of 2–3 nm. A clear lattice spacing of 0.336 nm is also observed

• for the CN-5 QDs, which corresponds to the (002) plane of hexagonal g-C3N4, indicating crystalline nature of the QDs [40]. Hence, TEM, HRTEM, and FESEM studies confirm the morphology and size of the NFs and QDs and also confirm the presence of rGO in the hybrid material. The band gaps of the prepared

Improving control of carbide-derived carbon microstructure by immobilization of a transition-metal catalyst within the shell of carbide/carbon core–shell structures

• Teguh Ariyanto,
• Jan Glaesel,
• Andreas Kern,
• Gui-Rong Zhang and
• Bastian J. M. Etzold

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 419–427, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.41

• 1200 °C to obtain the final material (Figure 1, right). The amount of nickel added was varied from 5 up to 60 mg of nickel per gram of equivalent carbide. The effect of nickel catalyst on the microstructure of final carbon was investigated using XRD, temperature-programmed oxidation (TPO), HRTEM and

Sub-wavelength waveguide properties of 1D and surface-functionalized SnO₂ nanostructures of various morphologies

• Venkataramana Bonu,
• Binaya Kumar Sahu,
• Arindam Das,
• Sankarakumar Amirthapandian,
• Sandip Dhara and
• Harish C. Barshilia

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 379–388, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.37

• the TEM images of the cylinder-shaped NWs grown at 1000 °C. An HRTEM image of a single NW across the width is shown in Figure 3a. The image related to the single cylindrical NW shows the crystalline (110) plane which belongs to the rutile tetragonal SnO2 with a d spacing value of 3.36 Å (Figure 3b

• not possess extended defects. Figure 4 shows the TEM images of the NB grown at 1000 °C. The HRTEM image of the single NB shows the crystalline (110) plane of the rutile tetragonal SnO2 with a d spacing of 3.36 Å (Figure 4a). The SAED pattern corroborates the single crystalline character of the NB

• , insets in 1a and 1b show a single NW with a Au nanoparticle at the tip, (c) flower creeper-like, self catalytically grown, belt-shaped NWs, and (d) NBs after ultra-sonication, where the inset shows a tapered NB. TEM images of square-shaped NWs. (a) Low-magnification image of a single NW. (b) HRTEM image

A Ni(OH)₂ nanopetals network for high-performance supercapacitors synthesized by immersing Ni nanofoam in water

• Donghui Zheng,
• Man Li,
• Yongyan Li,
• Chunling Qin,
• Yichao Wang and
• Zhifeng Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 281–293, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.27

• -magnification TEM images; (d) HRTEM image; (e) SAED pattern of Ni(OH)2 nanopetals. XPS spectra of the elements of the as-spun ribbon, as-dealloyed ribbon and as-synthesized electrode: (a) survey spectrum, (b) Ti 2p, (c) Zr 3d, (d) Ni 2p and (e) O 1s. (a) CV curves of the Ni(OH)2/Ni-NF/MG-2, Ni(OH)2/Ni-NF/MG-5

Site-specific growth of oriented ZnO nanocrystal arrays

• Rekha Bai,
• Dinesh K. Pandya,
• Sujeet Chaudhary,
• Veer Dhaka,
• Vladislav Khayrudinov,
• Jori Lemettinen,
• Christoffer Kauppinen and
• Harri Lipsanen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 274–280, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.26

• ,e. The corresponding high-resolution TEM (HRTEM) image is recorded to further investigate the morphological characteristics of ZnO NCs. The observed sharp lattice fringes in the HRTEM image reveal the good crystallinity of twinned ZnO NCs. This is possibly due to the low ion flux arriving at the

Wet chemistry route for the decoration of carbon nanotubes with iron oxide nanoparticles for gas sensing

• Hussam M. Elnabawy,
• Juan Casanova-Chafer,
• Badawi Anis,
• Mostafa Fedawy,
• Mattia Scardamaglia,
• Carla Bittencourt,
• Ahmed S. G. Khalil,
• Eduard Llobet and
• Xavier Vilanova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 105–118, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.10

• size distribution for all samples. In addition, HRTEM imaging for the anchored iron oxide nanoparticles on the MWCNTs surface was performed and the selected area electron diffraction (SAED) pattern for was identified, as shown in Figure 4. The image shows the high crystallinity of the prepared iron

• structure, which confirms the HRTEM results. In the XRD pattern for Fe2O3/CNTs the characteristic peak at 25.994° attributed to plane (002) of the CNTs can be clearly identified. The other diffraction peaks at 35.6°, 43.15°, 53.28°, 57.3°, 63.12° can be attributed to planes (311), (400), (422), (511) and

• (c) and acetone (d). Different decoration densities for different decoration ratios of 1:1 (a), 1:1.3 (b) and 1:1.5 (c). High magnification HRTEM images of MWCNTs decorated with Fe2O3 nanoparticles. The inset shows the electron diffraction pattern (SAED) for the selected area. XPS core level spectra

Zn/F-doped tin oxide nanoparticles synthesized by laser pyrolysis: structural and optical properties

• Florian Dumitrache,
• Iuliana P. Morjan,
• Elena Dutu,
• Ion Morjan,
• Claudiu Teodor Fleaca,
• Monica Scarisoreanu,
• Alina Ilie,
• Marius Dumitru,
• Cristian Mihailescu,
• Adriana Smarandache and
• Gabriel Prodan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 9–21, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.2

•  3a, a high-resolution TEM (HRTEM) image of a Zn/F-doped SnO2 sample (labeled ZTO0.44) and its mean size distribution (inset in Figure 3a) are presented. The polyhedral crystalline tin dioxide aggregated nanoparticles can be clearly seen in the HRTEM image. Also, a very thin disordered layer can be

• front of a monochromatic X-ray beam having a variable incidence θ angle and a constant wavelength corresponding to the Kα copper line (λ = 1.5418 Å). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM and HRTEM) using a Tecnai F30 G2 (300 kV) instrument, was used to investigate the particle morphology, as well as

• , F-doped and undoped SnO2 nanoparticles. XPS high-resolution spectra of: (a, b, c, d) Zn/F-doped SnO2 nanoparticles (sample ZTO0.44) and (e, f, g, h) F-doped SnO2 nanoparticles (sample ZTOst). a) HRTEM image of sample ZTO0.44 and its mean size distribution; b) SAED patterns of ZTOst (top) and ZTO0.44

Comparative biological effects of spherical noble metal nanoparticles (Rh, Pd, Ag, Pt, Au) with 4–8 nm diameter

• Alexander Rostek,
• Marina Breisch,
• Kevin Pappert,
• Kateryna Loza,
• Marc Heggen,
• Manfred Köller,
• Christina Sengstock and
• Matthias Epple

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2763–2774, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.258

• functionalization were all the same. Size and morphology of the nanoparticles were determined by dynamic light scattering (DLS), analytical disc centrifugation (differential centrifugal sedimentation, DCS), and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). Cell-biological experiments were performed to

• ), analytical disc centrifugation (differential centrifugal sedimentation, DCS), ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). All characterization data are summarized in Table 2. All nanoparticles have a neutral or negative zeta potential. This is probably due to

• nanoparticles (Rh, Pd, Pt, Ag, Au). In each upper right corner, a typical nanoparticle is shown in higher magnification. Particle size distributions of noble metal nanoparticles determined by high-resolution TEM imaging (HRTEM; log-normal particle size distribution fit). The histograms were analysed using a log

Accurate control of the covalent functionalization of single-walled carbon nanotubes for the electro-enzymatically controlled oxidation of biomolecules

• Naoual Allali,
• Veronika Urbanova,
• Mathieu Etienne,
• Xavier Devaux,
• Martine Mallet,
• Brigitte Vigolo,
• Jean-Joseph Adjizian,
• Chris P. Ewels,
• Sven Oberg,
• Alexander V. Soldatov,
• Edward McRae,
• Yves Fort,
• Manuel Dossot and
• Victor Mamane

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2750–2762, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.257

• /en/hipco, accessed August 2016). Figure 2a gives an example of the HRTEM image of this starting material. A small amount of residual iron catalyst is visible (dark particles pointed out by red arrows). Carbonaceous impurities are mainly present in the form of carbon remains of nanometric size

• defects introduced by tuning the irradiation time. A few milligrams of the corresponding oxidized SWCNTs were analyzed in each case before proceeding to step 2. At this stage, the samples were protected under argon gas to avoid any moisture contamination and directly analyzed by HRTEM, XPS and TGA-MS

• −1) and 5 µL of DI (5 mg·mL−1). Afterwards, 5 µL of this mixture were deposited onto the chitosan/HIPCO-Fc modified GCE and allowed to dry at ambient temperature. Analytical techniques: High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and high-resolution scanning transmission electron

Size-selected Fe₃O₄–Au hybrid nanoparticles for improved magnetism-based theranostics

• Maria V. Efremova,
• Yulia A. Nalench,
• Eirini Myrovali,
• Anastasiia S. Garanina,
• Ivan S. Grebennikov,
• Polina K. Gifer,
• Maxim A. Abakumov,
• Marina Spasova,
• Makis Angelakeris,
• Alexander G. Savchenko,
• Michael Farle,
• Natalia L. Klyachko,
• Alexander G. Majouga and
• Ulf Wiedwald

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2684–2699, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.251

• varied while holding the Fe3O4/Au phase volume ratio almost constant. Additionally, the crystallographic orientation of Fe3O4 and Au for samples MNP-15 (with in situ synthesized Au seeds) and MNP-25 (with presynthesized Au seeds) was evaluated using bright-field high-resolution TEM (HRTEM) imaging

• reports on similar hybrids and electrodeposited epitaxial films [32][33]. HRTEM images of samples MNP-6 and MNP-44 are presented in Supporting Information File 1, Figure S2. While MNP-44 shows a similar growth mode, the smallest hybrid NPs (MNP-6) show a rather spherical shape for the Au core and

• from bottom to top – samples MNP-6, MNP-15, MNP-25 and MNP-44, respectively. The intensity of each diffractogram is normalized to the strongest peak. The red and blue vertical lines represent the angular position and relative intensity of reference bulk magnetite and gold phases. HRTEM and

Improved catalytic combustion of methane using CuO nanobelts with predominantly (001) surfaces

• Qingquan Kong,
• Yichun Yin,
• Bing Xue,
• Yonggang Jin,
• Wei Feng,
• Zhi-Gang Chen,
• Shi Su and
• Chenghua Sun

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2526–2532, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.235

• is the SAED pattern of the selected yellow square area); (d) HRTEM along the [1] direction; (e,f) TEM images of a CuO nanobelt after catalysis tests at 650 °C. CH4 conversion against the temperature. (a) Heating profile (Tmax = 850 °C) for NBs, NWs and NPs, with 1% Pd/Co3O4 as a reference. (b

High-temperature magnetism and microstructure of a semiconducting ferromagnetic (GaSb)_1−x(MnSb)_x alloy

• Leonid N. Oveshnikov,
• Elena I. Nekhaeva,
• Alexey V. Kochura,
• Alexander B. Davydov,
• Mikhail A. Shakhov,
• Sergey F. Marenkin,
• Oleg A. Novodvorskii,
• Alexander P. Kuzmenko,
• Alexander L. Vasiliev,
• Boris A. Aronzon and
• Erkki Lahderanta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2457–2465, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.230

• variations. Contrast changes in the lateral direction are due to diffraction contrast arising from the columnar film microstructure, which was distinctly observed in bright-field TEM (Figure 4a) and in high-resolution bright-field TEM (HRTEM) images (Figure 4b), and even affects the HAADF TEM image (not

• presented here). Energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis (EDX) of the film composition near the interface edge and at a distance from it yielded the ratio Mn/Ga/Sb = 30:30:40 with 2% accuracy. A HRTEM image of studied film is presented in Figure 4b. Fast Fourier-transform (FFT) analysis of the high-resolution

• and Hall slope ΔRH normalized by the corresponding values at T = 320 K. TEM images of the film cross section after annealing (sample GM3): (a) bright-field image, (b) HRTEM image. (a,d) HRTEM images of sample areas. (b,e) Corresponding two-dimensional Fourier spectra. (c,f) Calculated electronograms

Hierarchical heterostructures of Bi₂MoO₆ microflowers decorated with Ag₂CO₃ nanoparticles for efficient visible-light-driven photocatalytic removal of toxic pollutants

• Shijie Li,
• Wei Jiang,
• Shiwei Hu,
• Yu Liu,
• Yanping Liu,
• Kaibing Xu and
• Jianshe Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2297–2305, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.214

• /nanoparticles [32]. Further information about the structure of ACO/BMO-30 was collected from TEM images (Figure 3). The TEM images are in line with the SEM observations, i.e., ACO/BMO-30 exhibits a flower-like architecture loaded with Ag2CO3 nanoparticles (Figure 3a,b). The HRTEM displays two different lattice

Electrospun one-dimensional nanostructures: a new horizon for gas sensing materials

• Muhammad Imran,
• Nunzio Motta and
• Mahnaz Shafiei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2128–2170, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.202

Synthesis of a MnO₂/Fe₃O₄/diatomite nanocomposite as an efficient heterogeneous Fenton-like catalyst for methylene blue degradation

• Zishun Li,
• Xuekun Tang,
• Kun Liu,
• Jing Huang,
• Yueyang Xu,
• Qian Peng and
• Minlin Ao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1940–1950, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.185

• successful loading of of iron oxide and manganese oxide in the two-step procedure. To further characterize the morphologies and structures of Fe3O4/diatomite and MnO2/Fe3O4/diatomite, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) analyses were also

• nanoparticles [28]. The marked lattice fringe spacing of 0.28 nm in the HRTEM images (inset) is corresponding to the (331) planes of cubic magnetite [29]. Figure 4b shows the TEM images of MnO2/Fe3O4/diatomite, the nanoparticles on the surface are fully covered by a layer of rough 3D structured material. As

• seen in the magnified image (Figure 4c), a flower-like or urchin-like structure of the outer MnO2 shell can be easily observed. The crystal structure of the outer shell is analyzed by using HRTEM, as shown in Figure 4d. As a whole, the chaotic and unclear lattice fringes in the image illustrate the

Synthesis of hafnium nanoparticles and hafnium nanoparticle films by gas condensation and energetic deposition

• Irini Michelakaki,
• Nikos Boukos,
• Dimitrios A. Dragatogiannis,
• Spyros Stathopoulos,
• Costas A. Charitidis and
• Dimitris Tsoukalas

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1868–1880, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.179

• time of the NPs in the aggregation zone results in the formation of bigger NPs. Soft landing – structural characterization Structural characterization of the nanoparticles was performed by high-resolution electron transmission microscopy (HRTEM) and X-ray diffraction. In both cases the nanoparticles

• were exposed to ambient air prior to characterization. From analysis of HRTEM images it is evident that Hf NPs have a distinct core–shell structure, consistent with a Hafnium core covered with Hafnium oxide (Figure 2). In the core the distance between adjacent planes is equal to d = 0.275 nm, value

• the temperature [37] as we expect it in the vacuum system during NP growth. There are also some peaks that are due to a compound of Hf with oxygen (O) and/or nitrogen (N). This result is consistent with HRTEM measurements. The exact nature of the shell cannot be identified from the X-ray patterns

Uniform cobalt nanoparticles embedded in hexagonal mesoporous nanoplates as a magnetically separable, recyclable adsorbent

• Can Zhao,
• Yuexiao Song,
• Tianyu Xiang,
• Wenxiu Qu,
• Shuo Lou,
• Xiaohong Yin and
• Feng Xin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1770–1781, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.168

• the surface of NPLs-2.5-800 are observed clearly. A thin carbon layer is found on the edge of the platelet. An HRTEM image shows Co nanoparticles with an average diameter of 21 nm that are embedded evenly in the carbon layer (Figure 3B). The measured d-spacing value of 0.21 nm in Figure 3C