In situ optical sub-wavelength thickness control of porous anodic aluminum oxide

• Aleksandrs Dutovs,
• Raimonds Popļausks,
• Oskars Putāns,
• Vladislavs Perkanuks,
• Aušrinė Jurkevičiūtė,
• Tomas Tamulevičius,
• Uldis Malinovskis,
• Iryna Olyshevets,
• Donats Erts and
• Juris Prikulis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 126–133, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.12

• applications in many fields of science and technology, including nanofabrication [1], optical coatings [2], sensing [3][4][5], and others [6]. Many synthesis protocols have been developed for precise control of the pore structure of PAAO [7], which allow for the creation of nanoscale patterns for various types

• of templates, including evaporation masks [8][9][10], molds for nanowire array production using the supercritical fluid method [11], electrochemical deposition [12], atomic layer deposition [13], or traps for colloidal nanoparticle assembly [14]. Several applications, for example, color filtering [15

• . This makes it particularly suitable for quality control in the small-scale production of thin PAAO membranes for optical applications and other uses, where precise thickness is of importance. Experimental A dedicated setup (Figure 5) was built and optimized for anodization of 10 mm × 10 mm aluminum

Development and characterization of potential larvicidal nanoemulsions against Aedes aegypti

• Jonatas L. Duarte,
• Leonardo Delello Di Filippo,
• Anna Eliza Maciel de Faria Mota Oliveira,
• Rafael Miguel Sábio,
• Gabriel Davi Marena,
• Tais Maria Bauab,
• Cristiane Duque,
• Vincent Corbel and
• Marlus Chorilli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 104–114, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.10

• ]. Biocompatibility assessment is an essential aspect of the development of NEs, particularly for biomedical and cosmetic applications, as it determines the safety and efficacy of the formulations. The assessment involves evaluating the potential cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of the NEs on different cell types and

• our study were obtained, indicating the formation of stable and suitable NEs for larvicidal applications [30]. It is noteworthy that several studies have utilized essential oils containing chemical components structurally analogous to terpenes, thus, achieving table formulations using the same

• characteristics, between 20 and 30 mV, have been described in other studies about nanoemulsions containing terpenes suitable for larvicidal applications [30][33][34]. Regarding the physical characterization, the bluish reflex is characteristic of this type of colloidal system, and it is attributed to the Tyndall

New application of bimetallic Ag/Pt nanoplates in a colorimetric biosensor for specific detection of E. coli in water

• Azam Bagheri Pebdeni,
• Mohammad N. AL-Baiati and
• Morteza Hosseini

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 95–103, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.9

• . Colorimetric biosensors have become popular in analytical applications due to their high sensitivity, convenience, and ease of signal readout [7][8]. These biosensors have been extensively utilized in pathogen identification, primarily because of their ability to rapidly display results in visible color [9][10

• nanoparticles (i.e., silver nanoplates, Ag NPLs) covered with a layer of Pt atoms to improve the peroxide activity of NPLs, and use them as colorimetric biosensor materials. Metallic NPLs were employed in a variety of applications, including antibacterial activity [17][18][19], hazardous dye removal [20

• during long-term storage and can be manufactured using normal oligonucleotide chemical synthesis processes, with minor chemical changes if necessary. Aptamers are thus regarded as a good baroreceptor in a variety of biological applications [27][28]. Colorimetric paper-based biosensors are the most

Study of the reusability and stability of nylon nanofibres as an antibody immobilisation surface

• Inés Peraile,
• Matilde Gil-García,
• Laura González-López,
• Nushin A. Dabbagh-Escalante,
• Juan C. Cabria-Ramos and
• Paloma Lorenzo-Lozano

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 83–94, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.8

• need to reduce the risk of pandemic contamination. Early, reliable, and accurate diagnosis is therefore essential for health and food safety [4][5]. In this context, immunodetection seems to be a very good option [6]. There are many applications of immunoassay devices in health, food industry, and

• clinical applications. Immunoassay devices have been used not only for the detection of bacteria and viruses [7], but also for the measurement of drugs [8] and hormones [9], or for the determination of glucose in urine [10]. The specificity of antigen–antibody binding and how the antibody is attached to

• applications, such as the immobilisation of enzymes and microorganisms [12][13], and the immobilisation of antibody in enzyme immunoassays [14]. Nylon 6 (or polyamide 6, PA6) nanofibers (NFs) have been used as an immobilisation surface in biosensors [15]. Efficiency studies of nanofibres manufactured by

Berberine-loaded polylactic acid nanofiber scaffold as a drug delivery system: The relationship between chemical characteristics, drug-release behavior, and antibacterial efficiency

• Le Thi Le,
• Hue Thi Nguyen,
• Liem Thanh Nguyen,
• Huy Quang Tran and
• Thuy Thi Thu Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 71–82, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.7

• cytotoxicity test revealed that the BBR NPs/PLA nanofiber scaffold did not induce any changes in morphology and proliferation of MA-104 cell monolayers. It suggests that the BBR/PLA and BBR NPs/PLA nanofiber scaffolds can be used in different biomedical applications, such as wound dressing, drug delivery

• -based drug delivery systems for specific applications. Result and Discussion Morphology of PLA and BBR-loaded PLA nanofiber scaffolds In order to evaluate the distribution of BBR compositions in the electrospun PLA nanofibers, the morphology of BBR powder, BBR NPs, and electrospun nanofibers was

• applications which require different release behaviors for desired therapeutic effects. Ma et al. [3] reported that the prolonged release of BBR from PCL/collagen nanofiber scaffolds up to 27 days was favorable for bone tissue repair. Meanwhile, a high concentration of BBR release within the first 24 h brought

Influence of conductive carbon and MnCo₂O₄ on morphological and electrical properties of hydrogels for electrochemical energy conversion

• Sylwia Pawłowska,
• Karolina Cysewska,
• Yasamin Ziai,
• Jakub Karczewski,
• Piotr Jasiński and
• Sebastian Molin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 57–70, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.6

• history and a wide range of applications, especially in biology, medicine, tissue engineering, and pharmacy. The multitude of application areas is related to their exceptional properties: biocompatibility, biodegradability, nontoxicity, good permeability for substances dissolved in water (e.g., oxygen and

• , drugs, metal nanoparticles, metal oxide nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, or biomolecules. This is a very important advantage that opens ways of designing composite hydrogels with various properties and applications such as biomedical [8][9][10], biosensors [11][12][13], wearable electronics [14][15][16

• , polypyrrole, and poly(ethylenedioxythiophene) [29][30][31], allows for the formation of conductive hydrogels. Conducting hydrogels possess properties of both conductive polymers and hydrogels, which makes them attractive functional materials for many applications in several fields of science and technology

Measurements of dichroic bow-tie antenna arrays with integrated cold-electron bolometers using YBCO oscillators

• Leonid S. Revin,
• Dmitry A. Pimanov,
• Alexander V. Chiginev,
• Anton V. Blagodatkin,
• Viktor O. Zbrozhek,
• Andrey V. Samartsev,
• Anastasia N. Orlova,
• Dmitry V. Masterov,
• Alexey E. Parafin,
• Victoria Yu. Safonova,
• Anna V. Gordeeva,
• Andrey L. Pankratov,
• Leonid S. Kuzmin,
• Anatolie S. Sidorenko,
• Silvia Masi and
• Paolo de Bernardis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 26–36, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.3

• a few micrometers and the effect of direct electron cooling, which can improve sensitivity in typical closed-loop cycle 3He cryostats for space applications. We study a novel concept of cold-electron bolometers with two SIN tunnel junctions and one SN contact. The amplitude–frequency characteristics

• antennas for frequencies of 210 and 240 GHz with cold-electron bolometers, described in the present paper, is proposed to be suitable for such applications. Two arrays placed on a single silicon chip with 7 mm × 7 mm size can independently detect radiation at two frequencies. Here, in the design of

• temperature [20][21][22][23]. This advantage is important for space, balloon, and ground-based applications. While dilution refrigerators are able to cool down below 50 mK, they cannot operate in extreme or even slightly unstable conditions; even the small variation of a tilt angle can lead to the cryostat

TEM sample preparation of lithographically patterned permalloy nanostructures on silicon nitride membranes

• Joshua Williams,
• Michael I. Faley,
• Joseph Vimal Vas,
• Peng-Han Lu and
• Rafal E. Dunin-Borkowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1–12, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.1

• ], transmission electron microscopy (TEM) [1][8][9][10][11], scanning transmission X-ray microscopy [12][13], and magneto-optical Kerr effect microscopy [14][15]. Possible applications of Py nanodisks were proposed for zero-hysteresis magnet sensors, magnetic logic devices, and data storage [16]. Py is a nickel

• away from the nanostructures can affect the overall mechanical stability of the membrane. Dry etching is generally better suited for bulk substrate applications as discussed in section “Preparation of nanostructures starting from a bulk substrate”. Stencil lithography Stencil lithography was

• associated with resist such as the edge bead problem and resist melting during deposition. This approach is ideal for applications on small substrates where spin coating of a homogeneous resist layer is difficult. This technique is particularly suitable for TEM application because TEM grids have the SiN

Fluorescent bioinspired albumin/polydopamine nanoparticles and their interactions with Escherichia coli cells

• Eloïse Equy,
• Jordana Hirtzel,
• Sophie Hellé,
• Béatrice Heurtault,
• Eric Mathieu,
• Morgane Rabineau,
• Vincent Ball and
• Lydie Ploux

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1208–1224, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.100

• applications, especially because of their biocompatibility. We synthesized and characterized fluorescent PDA NPs of 10–25 nm diameter based on a protein containing a lysine–glutamate diad (bovine serum albumin, BSA) and determined whether they can penetrate and accumulate in bacterial cells to serve as a

• of antimicrobial resistance of bacteria [5], this appears as a promising route to deliver antimicrobials while reducing the drug doses and subsequent harmful side effects in antibacterial applications. To this end, different types of ONPs have been used, such as liposomes [6] and nanoparticles (NPs

• bacteria. Inspired by the eumelanin aggregates in human skin, polydopamine nanoaggregates (here referred to as nanoparticles, i.e., PDA NPs) have emerged as promising nanovectors for biomedical applications [11][12], especially because of their biocompatibility [13][14] and photothermic properties [15][16

A combined gas-phase dissociative ionization, dissociative electron attachment and deposition study on the potential FEBID precursor [Au(CH₃)₂Cl]₂

• Elif Bilgilisoy,
• Ali Kamali,
• Thomas Xaver Gentner,
• Gerd Ballmann,
• Sjoerd Harder,
• Hans-Peter Steinrück,
• Hubertus Marbach and
• Oddur Ingólfsson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1178–1199, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.98

• ; quantum chemical calculation; ultrahigh vacuum; Introduction In recent years, gold nanostructures have received much attention owing to their dielectric properties [1], their biocompatibility [2], and their electrical properties [3][4], which enable a multitude of exciting applications in the field of

Spatial variations of conductivity of self-assembled monolayers of dodecanethiol on Au/mica and Au/Si substrates

• Julian Skolaut,
• Jędrzej Tepper,
• Federica Galli,
• Wulf Wulfhekel and
• Jan M. van Ruitenbeek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1169–1177, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.97

• , Niels Bohrweg 2, 2333 CA Leiden, Netherlands Physikalisches Institut, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Wolfgang-Gaede-Straße 1, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany 10.3762/bjnano.14.97 Abstract Determining the conductivity of molecular layers is a crucial step in advancing towards applications in molecular

• the use in applications, the properties of such layers of molecules and the interface they form with the metal substrate have to be investigated carefully and systematically. In order to achieve comparability between different types of molecules, ordered layers are favorable, which makes self

Hierarchically patterned polyurethane microgrooves featuring nanopillars or nanoholes for neurite elongation and alignment

• Lester Uy Vinzons,
• Guo-Chung Dong and
• Shu-Ping Lin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1157–1168, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.96

• demonstrates a promising method for the creation of hierarchical nano-/microstructures on various polymers for nerve implant applications. Results and Discussion Fabrication and characterization of PU nanopillar and nanohole substrates We first fabricated nanopillar and nanohole arrays on medical-grade

Elasticity, an often-overseen parameter in the development of nanoscale drug delivery systems

• Agnes-Valencia Weiss and
• Marc Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1149–1156, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.95

• biological applications Mechanical properties of particles have a significant impact on the cell–particle interaction; most particles are reported to be taken up faster when they are more rigid [36]. Some materials such as phospholipids and organic silica NPs with a hyaluronic acid coating show superior

• be carefully chosen to be able to deliver a realistic outcome, facilitating translation of nanoparticles to in vivo applications (e.g., the presence of mucus altering the preferable mechanical properties). Besides this, the correlation between size and elasticity should also be considered as an

A multi-resistance wide-range calibration sample for conductive probe atomic force microscopy measurements

• François Piquemal,
• Khaled Kaja,
• Pascal Chrétien,
• José Morán-Meza,
• Frédéric Houzé,
• Christian Ulysse and
• Abdelmounaim Harouri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1141–1148, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.94

• electronics [24][25][26][27][28][29], organic and biological systems [30][31][32][33][34], and quantum devices [35][36][37]. Various technical methods have been developed in C-AFM to cope with the diversity of its applications, including advanced sensors and low-noise preamplifiers [2][38][39][40

Curcumin-loaded albumin submicron particles with potential as a cancer therapy: an in vitro study

• Nittiya Suwannasom,
• Netsai Sriaksorn,
• Chutamas Thepmalee,
• Krissana Khoothiam,
• Ausanai Prapan,
• Hans Bäumler and
• Chonthida Thephinlap

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1127–1140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.93

• promising biological properties, particularly antioxidant activity. However, its medical applications are limited due to its low water solubility, bioavailability, and pH-instability. CUR-loaded albumin microparticles (CUR-HSA-MPs) of submicron size in the range of 800 to 900 nm and a zeta potential of −15

• and migration of C6 glioma cells in vitro [12]. Other nanoparticles that are being explored as CUR formulations for various applications include silk-based nanoparticles. These are an excellent candidate with longer plasma half-life and slower release rate, indicating high bioavailability [13]. The

• addition, the removal of sericin, which requires a degumming process, is a prerequisite for using silk cocoons in biomedical applications to reduce the risk of an inflammatory response [18]. However, this degumming process can lead to damage to the silk structure, increase the polydispersity of the silk

Density functional theory study of Au-fcc/Ge and Au-hcp/Ge interfaces

• Olga Sikora,
• Małgorzata Sternik,
• Benedykt R. Jany,
• Franciszek Krok,
• Przemysław Piekarz and
• Andrzej M. Oleś

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1093–1105, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.90

• structure; hexagonal gold; interface energy; Introduction Heterophase interfaces are responsible for unique properties of many advanced devices designed for electronics and other applications [1]. Understanding the formation and energetics of interfaces is highly important for the nucleation of new

• . Deeper knowledge of surfaces and interfaces in heterostructures can play a crucial role in developing new methods for synthesizing such materials and in expanding their possible applications in nanoscience and nanotechnology. As a result of advances in computational methods and the increasing computer

• . Recently, nanostructures including different polytypes of gold have been observed in various experiments and have gained interest regarding potential applications. For example, the interface regions of polytypic gold nanorods were found to be highly active in catalysis [15]. The hexagonal phases seen in

Properties of tin oxide films grown by atomic layer deposition from tin tetraiodide and ozone

• Kristjan Kalam,
• Peeter Ritslaid,
• Tanel Käämbre,
• Aile Tamm and
• Kaupo Kukli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1085–1092, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.89

• have been studied from many perspectives. For example, one can mention anodes for Li-ion batteries [1], gas sensors [2], catalytic activities [3], and stable buffer [4] or base [5] layers in solar cells. More applications can be found, when SnO2 is considered as constituent of a nanostructure or a

Dual-heterodyne Kelvin probe force microscopy

• Benjamin Grévin,
• Fatima Husainy,
• Dmitry Aldakov and
• Cyril Aumaître

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1068–1084, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.88

• reference substrate, a bulk organic photovoltaic heterojunction thin film, and an optoelectronic interface obtained by depositing caesium lead bromide perovskite nanosheets on a graphite surface. The conclusion provides perspectives for future improvements and applications. Keywords: heterodyne

• applications of KPFM are extremely broad. It is now used by physicists, chemists, and biologists to characterize the nanoscale electronic/electrostatic properties of an ever-expanding range of materials, interfaces, and devices, in ambient conditions, under ultrahigh vacuum, or at the liquid–substrate

• to this, they are very promising for the use in many applications, such as LEDs, solar cells, and photodetectors. Reducing their size down to the nanoscale by synthesizing colloidal nanocrystals in solution can allow high control over the perovskite crystallinity and access to various morphologies

Spatial mapping of photovoltage and light-induced displacement of on-chip coupled piezo/photodiodes by Kelvin probe force microscopy under modulated illumination

• Zeinab Eftekhari,
• Nasim Rezaei,
• Hidde Stokkel,
• Jian-Yao Zheng,
• Andrea Cerreta,
• Ilka Hermes,
• Minh Nguyen,
• Guus Rijnders and
• Rebecca Saive

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1059–1067, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.87

• precise motion with high resolution. This offers promising possibilities for biomedical, environmental, and micro/nanoengineering applications [5][6]. Various types of design and actuation mechanisms have been developed in recent years [7][8]. A primary requirement to unlock the better performance of

Experimental investigation of usage of POE lubricants with Al₂O₃, graphene or CNT nanoparticles in a refrigeration compressor

• Kayhan Dağıdır and
• Kemal Bilen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1041–1058, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.86

• increasing nanoparticle fraction. In conclusion, nanolubricants containing nanoparticles above the optimum mass fraction increase the required electrical power of the compressor. It is concluded that nanoparticle fractions should not be used above the optimum value in nanolubricant applications. Keywords

• compressor by using a nanolubricant containing Al2O3 nanoparticles. Results showed that the required compressor power decreased up to 27% with the addition of Al2O3 at 0.075% in volume to the lubricant compared to that of the base case. The most preferred nanoparticles for nanolubricant applications in

• the literature, and they have generally provided the highest enhancement in nanolubricant performance [5]. However, they have not yet been used as nanoparticles in nanolubricant applications in refrigeration compressor using the R1234yf refrigerant. Also, there is no study that shows the determination

A visible-light photodetector based on heterojunctions between CuO nanoparticles and ZnO nanorods

• Doan Nhat Giang,
• Nhat Minh Nguyen,
• Duc Anh Ngo,
• Thanh Trang Tran,
• Le Thai Duy,
• Cong Khanh Tran,
• Thi Thanh Van Tran,
• Phan Phuong Ha La and
• Vinh Quang Dang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1018–1027, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.84

• 70000, Vietnam Center for Innovative Materials and Architectures (INOMAR), Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Vietnam 10.3762/bjnano.14.84 Abstract Optoelectronic devices have various applications in medical equipment, sensors, and communication systems. Photodetectors, which convert light into electrical signals

• nanoparticles and ZnO nanorods obtained via a simple and cost-effective synthesis process has great potential for optoelectronic applications. Keywords: CuO nanoparticles; heterojunction; optoelectronics; visible-light photodetector; ZnO nanorods; Introduction Optoelectronics is a field to accelerate the

• applications, photodetection is an attractive area because photodetectors are the critial component to convert photon energy into electrical signals based on a nonlinear interaction between electromagnetic field and material surface [7]. Currently, many scientists are studying this topic in order to apply

Exploring internal structures and properties of terpolymer fibers via real-space characterizations

• Michael R. Roenbeck and
• Kenneth E. Strawhecker

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1004–1017, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.83

• ; structure–property relationships; Technora®; Introduction High-performance polymer fibers have enabled groundbreaking advancements in numerous applications, from personal armor to tires to sports equipment, that aim to maximize mechanical performance while minimizing weight. The successes achieved with

• profiles, ET distributions, and other quantifications of AFM maps were characterized using the Gwyddion software package [27]. Additional details on multifrequency AFM mapping theory, analysis and applications have been provided in earlier literature reports [10][28][29]. Materials and methods overview. (a

Nanoarchitectonics of photothermal materials to enhance the sensitivity of lateral flow assays

• Elangovan Sarathkumar,
• Rajasekharan S. Anjana and
• Ramapurath S. Jayasree

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 988–1003, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.82

• to detect analytes of interest in a wide range of applications such as diagnostics, environmental monitoring, and food quality measurements [1][2][3]. LFAs are well known for their simplicity, affordability, accessibility to patients, and ease of use [4]. Since the discovery of this technique in the

• change [20][21]. Generally, photothermal nanomaterials are being used in cancer therapy, removal of bacterial biofilms, and sensing applications [22][23][24]. Photothermal nanomaterials produce heat in response to the irradiation of photons at a particular wavelength [23]. Similarly, when plasmonic

• review is provided in Figure 2. Photothermal nanomaterials The photothermal properties of nanomaterials have been extensively studied for therapeutic applications. Heat generation under exposure to near-infrared (NIR) light is commonly used against deadly diseases such as cancer [28][29][30]. Because of

Fragmentation of metal(II) bis(acetylacetonate) complexes induced by slow electrons

• Janina Kopyra and
• Hassan Abdoul-Carime

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 980–987, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.81

• attachment. The reported data may contribute to a better understanding of the physical chemistry underlying the electron–molecule interactions, which is crucial for potential applications of these molecular systems in the deposition of nanoscale structures. Keywords: dissociative electron attachment; gas

• phase; metal(II) bis(acetylacetonate); negative ions; organometallic complexes; Introduction Nowadays, organometallic compounds are used in many applications. They receive great interest in the field of nanoscale technologies [1][2][3]. For example, in nanoscale design processes, the combination of an

• the dissociation products and the pathways for anion production will contribute to a better understanding of the fundamental chemistry of ML2 compounds. This is desirable for potential applications requiring the knowledge of decomposition of such organometallic complexes by particles (e.g., electron

Isolation of cubic Si₃P₄ in the form of nanocrystals

• Polina K. Nikiforova,
• Sergei S. Bubenov,
• Vadim B. Platonov,
• Andrey S. Kumskov,
• Nikolay N. Kononov,
• Tatyana A. Kuznetsova and
• Sergey G. Dorofeev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 971–979, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.80

• . Several techniques for functionalization and colloidal solubilization of Si3P4 NPs were outlined. Optical properties of the material were studied to reveal an experimental bandgap of 1.25 eV. Potential applications of the material include the preparation of microcircuits through the introduction of P