Frequency-dependent nanomechanical profiling for medical diagnosis

• Santiago D. Solares and
• Alexander X. Cartagena-Rivera

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1483–1489, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.122

• Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA 10.3762/bjnano.13.122 Abstract Atomic force microscopy (AFM), developed in the early 1980s, has become a powerful characterization tool in micro- and nanoscale science. In the early 1990s, its relevance within biology and medicine research

• chemical characterization of surfaces ranging from semiconductors and metals to polymers and biological materials [1][2][3][4][5]. In particular, a variety of mechanical property measurement methods have been developed, although most of them are restricted to relatively simple physical descriptions, such

• -established and widely used technique for fundamental micro- and nanoscale research, especially concerning topographical characterization and general force measurements [1][2][3][4][5]. However, advanced mechanical property analysis is not yet widely used for broad-impact applications. In fact, while some

Structural studies and selected physical investigations of LiCoO₂ obtained by combustion synthesis

• Monika Michalska,
• Paweł Ławniczak,
• Tomasz Strachowski,
• Adam Ostrowski and
• Waldemar Bednarski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1473–1482, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.121

• °C for 5 h in air. The heating rate was 5 °C/min. The synthesis flowchart is presented in Figure 1. Characterization of LiCoO2 powders XRD analysis XRD analysis was performed on a Rigaku Smartlab 3 kW diffractometer equipped with a vertical goniometer. The diffractometer had a Bragg–Brentano θ/2θ

Coherent amplification of radiation from two phase-locked Josephson junction arrays

• Mikhail A. Galin,
• Vladimir M. Krasnov,
• Ilya A. Shereshevsky,
• Nadezhda K. Vdovicheva and
• Vladislav V. Kurin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1445–1457, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.119

• self-aligning process using e-beam lithography and reactive ion etching [16][17]. Similar arrays were studied earlier in [9][12][13], where additional information about sample characterization can be found. Figure 1a,b shows the layout of “sample-1”. It has been fabricated on a 1 × 1 cm2 silicon

Facile preparation of Au- and BODIPY-grafted lipid nanoparticles for synergized photothermal therapy

• Yuran Wang,
• Xudong Li,
• Haijun Chen and
• Yu Gao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1432–1444, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.118

• etherate (BF3·OEt2) and 2,4-dimethylpyrrole were freshly purified by distillation under reduced pressure. Synthesis and characterization of BDP All chemical reagents were obtained from commercial suppliers and used without further purification. 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and 13C NMR spectra were

• ), 7.49 (s, 2H), 7.11 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 2H), 6.99 (d, J = 6.9 Hz, 2H), 6.89 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 4H), 3.84 (s, 3H), 3.79 (d, J = 2.9 Hz, 6H), 1.43 (d, J = 3.8 Hz, 6H); HRESIMS m/z: [M + H]+ calcd, 843.0558; found, 843.0515. Preparation and characterization of AB-LNPs LNPs containing DTPA with negative

• aqueous suspension. The mixture was vortexed for 30 s and further sonicated for 10 min to obtain AB-LNPs. Characterization of AB-LNPs The size distributions and zeta potentials were measured using a dynamic light scattering (DLS) technique on Malvern Zetasizer (Malvern Instruments Ltd., UK). Ultraviolet

Orally administered docetaxel-loaded chitosan-decorated cationic PLGA nanoparticles for intestinal tumors: formulation, comprehensive in vitro characterization, and release kinetics

• Sedat Ünal,
• Osman Doğan and
• Yeşim Aktaş

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1393–1407, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.115

• treatment of colon tumors, to provide higher drug concentration in the tumoral region in the colon, to reduce systemic side effects compared to parenteral administrations, and to alleviate colon cancer. In vitro characterization, permeability studies, in vitro cell culture studies, and comprehensive release

• kinetics studies of the nanoparticular drug delivery system were carried out. It can be a detailed source and inspiration for possible future research in this area. Results and Discussion In vitro characterization of DCX-PLGA NPs and CS/DCX-PLGA NPs Mean particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), and zeta

• characterization of both coated and uncoated DCX-PLGA NPs was carried out by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). As it can be seen in Figure 1, both formulations exhibit perfectly round spheres with smooth surfaces. No free DCX crystals were found in the SEM pictures of any formulation, confirming that DCX was

LED-light-activated photocatalytic performance of metal-free carbon-modified hexagonal boron nitride towards degradation of methylene blue and phenol

• Nirmalendu S. Mishra and
• Pichiah Saravanan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1380–1392, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.114

• -responsive material with improved charge carrier density (2.97 × 1019 cm−3). The LED light harvesting properties were analysed through various established characterization techniques and the photocatalysis was verified by eliminating the aqueous phase methylene blue (MB: 93.83%) and phenol (48.56%) moieties

• times with DI water, and dried overnight at 60 °C. The commercially available HBN was used as a control sample. Characterization techniques A Rigaku Smart Lab high-resolution X-ray diffractometer (HR-XRD) equipped with a HyPix-3000 detector and Cu anode emitting Kα radiation was employed to obtain the

• crystallographic characterization. The morphology of the obtained nanostructures was captured by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM, Talos F200X G2, Thermo Scientific). The optical properties were characterized with a Shimadzu UV 2600 UV–vis spectrophotometer with an integrating sphere

Supramolecular assembly of pentamidine and polymeric cyclodextrin bimetallic core–shell nanoarchitectures

• Alexandru-Milentie Hada,
• Nina Burduja,
• Marco Abbate,
• Claudio Stagno,
• Guy Caljon,
• Louis Maes,
• Nicola Micale,
• Massimiliano Cordaro,
• Angela Scala,
• Antonino Mazzaglia and
• Anna Piperno

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1361–1369, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.112

• -inflammatory, and anticancer). The physicochemical characterization of the supramolecular assembly (nanoGSP) in terms of size and colloidal stability was investigated by complementary spectroscopic techniques, such as UV–vis, ζ-potential, and dynamic light scattering (DLS). Furthermore, the role of PolyCD

• , Figure 1) achieved by supramolecular assembly of the components as well as their physicochemical characterization in terms of size and colloidal stability. The drug binding ability of nanoGS with Pent has been investigated by complementary spectroscopic techniques such as UV–vis, zeta potential (ζ

• (AgNO3), ascorbic acid, and pentamidine isethionate were commercially available (Merck). All reagents used (Merck) were used without further purification. Characterization techniques UV–vis spectra were obtained on an Agilent model 8453 diode array spectrophotometer using 1 cm path length quartz cells

Near-infrared photoactive Ag-Zn-Ga-S-Se quantum dots for high-performance quantum dot-sensitized solar cells

• Roopakala Kottayi,
• Ilangovan Veerappan and
• Ramadasse Sittaramane

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1337–1344, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.110

• QDSCs. Physical characterization The crystalline structure and size of the synthesized QDs were examined by X-ray diffraction (Riganku Ultima IV XRD spectrometer with nickel-filtered Cu Kα radiation with a step width of 0.02°) High-resolution transmission electron microscopy was carried out on a JEOL

Enhanced electronic transport properties of Te roll-like nanostructures

• E. R. Viana,
• N. Cifuentes and
• J. C. González

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1284–1291, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.106

• electrical properties of these nanostructures, with a small disorder, and superior quality for nanodevice applications. Keywords: electrical characterization; field-effect transistors; hopping conduction; nanobelts; tellurium; Introduction The chalcogen tellurium (Te) is a rare element (0.002 ppm) in the

• -nanostructure back-gate FETs, as well as the electrical resistivity of the nanostructures as a function of temperature from 5 to 400 K. The transport measurements were carried out in a low-noise custom-made system for electrical characterization of FET devices [16][17][18]. FET devices were built by laser

Studies of probe tip materials by atomic force microscopy: a review

• Ke Xu and
• Yuzhe Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1256–1267, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.104

• . Applications range from mechanical and electrical sample characterization to measurements in liquids [1][2][3][4] and even in living cells [5][6][7][8]. The critical element of an AFM is the scanning probe itself, which is usually represented by a micro-cantilever beam equipped with a conical scanning tip. As

• samples. Gold and silver bimetallic nanoclusters' morphology, properties, and structure were analyzed by various characterization means. The target analytes with specific recognition of the materials were selected, a fluorescence analysis platform for this material was constructed, and the fluorescence

• consist of a 3–6 nm low-carbon-containing material wrapped around a tungsten metal core. The technique successfully prepares metal nanowire probes with a tiny radius of curvature (1–2 nm) and high aspect ratios (lengths of 100 nm–1.5 μm), enabling the successful characterization of specific single-walled

Roll-to-roll fabrication of superhydrophobic pads covered with nanofur for the efficient clean-up of oil spills

• Patrick Weiser,
• Robin Kietz,
• Marc Schneider,
• Matthias Worgull and
• Hendrik Hölscher

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1228–1239, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.102

• Patrick Weiser Robin Kietz Marc Schneider Matthias Worgull Hendrik Holscher Institute of Microstructure Technology (IMT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), P.O. box 36 40, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility for information-driven Material Structuring and Characterization

Microneedle-based ocular drug delivery systems – recent advances and challenges

• Piotr Gadziński,
• Anna Froelich,
• Monika Wojtyłko,
• Antoni Białek,
• Julia Krysztofiak and
• Tomasz Osmałek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1167–1184, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.98

• : fabrication, characterization, and ex-vivo evaluation using pilocarpine as model drug”, by G. Roy et al., Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, published on 11 Jun 2020 by Taylor & Francis Ltd), reprinted by permission of the publisher (Taylor & Francis Ltd, http://www.tandfonline.com). This content is

Rapid fabrication of MgO@g-C₃N₄ heterojunctions for photocatalytic nitric oxide removal

• Minh-Thuan Pham,
• Duyen P. H. Tran,
• Xuan-Thanh Bui and
• Sheng-Jie You

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1141–1154, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.96

• let to cool to room temperature naturally. Different mass ratios of MgO and g-C3N4 were prepared, that is, 1%, 3% and 5%, named as x-MgO@g-C3N4 (x = 1, 3, and 5%). Characterization A variety of analytical techniques have been employed to evaluate the morphology and the physical, chemical, and optical

A cantilever-based, ultrahigh-vacuum, low-temperature scanning probe instrument for multidimensional scanning force microscopy

• Hao Liu,
• Zuned Ahmed,
• Sasa Vranjkovic,
• Manfred Parschau,
• Andrada-Oana Mandru and
• Hans J. Hug

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1120–1140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.95

• Cantilever-based atomic force microscopy (AFM) performed under ambient conditions has become an important tool to characterize new material systems as well as devices. Current instruments permit robust scanning over large areas, atomic-scale lateral resolution, and the characterization of various sample

• with a reflectivity of typically 4%. This limits the sensitivity of the interferometer to about 89 fm/, (see section “Results and Discussion” for the characterization of the interferometric deflection sensor). Figure 3a shows a typical setup for a UHV STM or tuning fork-based AFM. Preferably, the low

Green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles toward highly efficient photocatalysis and antibacterial application

• Vo Thi Thu Nhu,
• Nguyen Duy Dat,
• Le-Minh Tam and
• Nguyen Hoang Phuong

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1108–1119, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.94

• reactions that form zinc resinate are shown in Equation 1 and Equation 2. The schematic illustration of the synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles is shown in Figure 1. Methods for determining the characterization of the synthesized material The phase of the synthesized material was determined by X-ray diffraction

Recent advances in green carbon dots (2015–2022): synthesis, metal ion sensing, and biological applications

• Aisha Kanwal,
• Naheed Bibi,
• Sajjad Hyder,
• Arif Muhammad,
• Hao Ren,
• Jiangtao Liu and
• Zhongli Lei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1068–1107, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.93

• techniques for improving synthesis, characterization, yield, and applications of CDs There are several outstanding review articles on different applications, such as photochemical and electrochemical applications [32], photocatalysis [33], optoelectronics [34], wastewater treatment [35], food safety

• synthesis of CDs, the effects of surface states on optical properties, the characterization of CDs, metal ion sensing, and biological and agricultural applications of CDs, that is, microbial bioimaging, detection, and viability studies, pathogen control, and plant growth promotion (Figure 1). Review Green

• relationship between the concentration of Pb2+ ions and the turbidity [84]. Aloe vera extract, without any other chemical reagent, was used to prepare CDs using a one-step pyrolysis method by Devi et al. Different characterization results demonstrated that the CDs displayed excitation-independent behavior and

Spindle-like MIL101(Fe) decorated with Bi₂O₃ nanoparticles for enhanced degradation of chlortetracycline under visible-light irradiation

• Chen-chen Hao,
• Fang-yan Chen,
• Kun Bian,
• Yu-bin Tang and
• Wei-long Shi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1038–1050, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.91

• . Characterization of the as-prepared catalyst The crystalline structure of the prepared photocatalyst was analyzed by X-ray diffraction spectrometry (Empyrean, Panalytical, Holland) with Cu Kα radiation at a scanning speed of 7 °/min. The morphology of the samples was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM

• (CHIQ660D, Chenhua Instrument, China). Electronic paramagnetic resonance signals were recorded with an electron paramagnetic resonance spectrometer (Brooke A300, Germany). Results and Discussion Characterization Figure 1 shows the XRD pattern of the synthesized MIL101(Fe), Bi2O3, and BOM-20 composite. The

Electrocatalytic oxygen reduction activity of AgCoCu oxides on reduced graphene oxide in alkaline media

• Iyyappan Madakannu,
• Indrajit Patil,
• Bhalchandra Kakade and
• Kasibhatta Kumara Ramanatha Datta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1020–1029, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.89

• , materials, characterization data, electrochemical measurements, water contact angle measurements, and comparison of reported ORR activities of Ag-based catalysts. Acknowledgements Authors thank SRM IST for providing Microwave reactor facility and DST-FIST, Department of Chemistry [SR/FST/CST-66/2015(c

Influence of water contamination on the sputtering of silicon with low-energy argon ions investigated by molecular dynamics simulations

• Grégoire R. N. Defoort-Levkov,
• Alan Bahm and
• Patrick Philipp

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 986–1003, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.86

• smaller spot sizes to reduce the thickness of the layer damaged by ion beams, and to increase the lateral resolution for precise machining and sample characterization. For most of these applications, the quality of the sample surface and its cleanliness are essential and, therefore, highly controlled

Solar-light-driven LaFe_xNi_1−xO₃ perovskite oxides for photocatalytic Fenton-like reaction to degrade organic pollutants

• Chao-Wei Huang,
• Shu-Yu Hsu,
• Jun-Han Lin,
• Yun Jhou,
• Wei-Yu Chen,
• Kun-Yi Andrew Lin,
• Yu-Tang Lin and
• Van-Huy Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 882–895, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.79

• antibiotics of PPCPs accordinly. Results and Discussion Material characterization of various photocatalysts X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) was used to reveal the structure of the materials. In the synthesis step of LaNiO3, the calcination temperature was set to 500, 600, 700, and 800 °C, respectively, and the

• oxides were prepared ultimately. Photocatalysts characterization The LaFexNi1−xO3 photocatalysts were characterized by D8 advance (Bruker, Germany) to reveal the X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) patterns. The Cu Kα target was facilitated under 40 kV to generate the X-ray with λ = 0.15406 nm. The 2θ

DNA aptamer selection and construction of an aptasensor based on graphene FETs for Zika virus NS1 protein detection

• Nathalie B. F. Almeida,
• Thiago A. S. L. Sousa,
• Viviane C. F. Santos,
• Camila M. S. Lacerda,
• Thais G. Silva,
• Rafaella F. Q. Grenfell,
• Flavio Plentz and
• Antero S. R. Andrade

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 873–881, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.78

• characterization, the selectivity of this aptamer towards ZIKV NS1 protein diluted in human serum. The functionalized graphene devices exhibit an evident recognition of NS1 ranging from 0.01 to 100 pg/mL. As a result, the efficiency of our functionalization protocol in combination with the distinguished

• triplicate. The mass of aptamers bound to each protein was calculated and the results were plotted using the software Graph Pad Prism 5. Statistical analysis was performed using the Kruskal–Wallis test with Dunn’s post-test. Device fabrication and electrical characterization We carried out the electrical

• characterization utilizing field-effect transistors fabricated using single-layer graphene grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and transferred to Si/SiO2 substrates. The wafers were purchased from Graphene Platform and we produced graphene transistors by conventional photolithography, following the procedures

Self-assembly of C₆₀ on a ZnTPP/Fe(001)–p(1 × 1)O substrate: observation of a quasi-freestanding C₆₀ monolayer

• Guglielmo Albani,
• Michele Capra,
• Alessandro Lodesani,
• Alberto Calloni,
• Gianlorenzo Bussetti,
• Marco Finazzi,
• Franco Ciccacci,
• Alberto Brambilla,
• Lamberto Duò and
• Andrea Picone

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 857–864, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.76

• sample. The full width at half maximum (FWHM) energy resolution of the UPS experiment is 0.05 eV. Results and Discussion Figure 1a and Figure 1b report the structural characterization of the ZnTPP/Fe(001)–p(1 × 1)O sample in the reciprocal and in direct space, respectively. The low-energy electron

Ultrafast signatures of magnetic inhomogeneity in Pd_1−xFe_x (x ≤ 0.08) epitaxial thin films

• Andrey V. Petrov,
• Sergey I. Nikitin,
• Lenar R. Tagirov,
• Amir I. Gumarov,
• Igor V. Yanilkin and
• Roman V. Yusupov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 836–844, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.74

• nominal accuracy of 0.1%. Details of the synthesis and characterization of the samples used in the work can be found in our previous papers [29][30]. The Curie temperatures for the samples with x = 0.038, 0.062, and 0.080 were ≈120 K, ≈177 K, and ≈210 K, respectively. The optical experiments were carried

Hierachical epicuticular wax coverage on leaves of Deschampsia antarctica as a possible adaptation to severe environmental conditions

• Elena V. Gorb,
• Iryna A. Kozeretska and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 807–816, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.71

• severe environmental conditions that ensure this evolutionary success [2][3][4][6]. Structural studies that have been focused mainly on anatomical and ultrastructural characterization of leaves [4][7][8][9][10][11][12] did not reveal any qualitative traits allowing for a distinction of this plant from

Optimizing PMMA solutions to suppress contamination in the transfer of CVD graphene for batch production

• Chun-Da Liao,
• Andrea Capasso,
• Tiago Queirós,
• Telma Domingues,
• Fatima Cerqueira,
• Nicoleta Nicoara,
• Jérôme Borme,
• Paulo Freitas and
• Pedro Alpuim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 796–806, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.70

• ) above the surface, thus, reproducing its topography. Fabrication and characterization of graphene field-effect transistors Receded-gate graphene field-effect transistors were fabricated on an 8″ Si/SiO2 (200 nm thick) wafers. Two arrays of devices were fabricated with different process steps (Wafer 1