Selective gas detection using Mn₃O₄/WO₃ composites as a sensing layer

• Yongjiao Sun,
• Zhichao Yu,
• Wenda Wang,
• Pengwei Li,
• Gang Li,
• Wendong Zhang,
• Lin Chen,
• Serge Zhuivkov and
• Jie Hu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1423–1433, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.140

• Abstract Pure WO3 sensors and Mn3O4/WO3 composite sensors with different Mn concentrations (1 atom %, 3 atom % and 5 atom %) were successfully prepared through a facile hydrothermal method. As gas sensing materials, their sensing performance at different temperatures was systematically investigated for gas

• between the two metal oxides. The sensor based on the Mn3O4/WO3 composite with 3 atom % Mn showed a high selective response to hydrogen sulfide (H2S), ammonia (NH3) and carbon monoxide (CO) at working temperatures of 90 °C, 150 °C and 210 °C, respectively. The demonstrated superior selectivity opens the

• Cr2O3-functionalzied WO3 nanorod sensor had better selectivity toward ethanol than that of pristine WO3 [11]. From previous reports, it is almost certainly clear that catalytic Mn3O4 attached to WO3 should promote the gas sensing reactions, and the Mn3O4/WO3 composite is expected to be a more effective

BiOCl/TiO₂/diatomite composites with enhanced visible-light photocatalytic activity for the degradation of rhodamine B

• Minlin Ao,
• Kun Liu,
• Xuekun Tang,
• Zishun Li,
• Qian Peng and
• Jing Huang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1412–1422, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.139

• Abstract A BiOCl/TiO2/diatomite (BTD) composite was synthesized via a modified sol–gel method and precipitation/calcination method for application as a photocatalyst and shows promise for degradation of organic pollutants in wastewater upon visible-light irradiation. In the composite, diatomite was used as

• degradation product and visible light (λ > 400 nm) was used as the light source for the evaluation of the photocatalytic properties of the prepared BTD composite. The results show that the catalytic performance of the BTD composite under visible-light irradiation is much higher than that of TiO2 or BiOCl

• alone. When the molar ratio of BiOCl to TiO2 is 1:1 and the calcination temperature is 400 °C, the composite was found to exhibit the best catalytic effect. Through the study of the photocatalytic mechanism, it is shown that the strong visible-light photocatalytic activity of the BTD composite results

Highly ordered mesoporous silica film nanocomposites containing gold nanoparticles for the catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol

• Mohamad Azani Jalani,
• Leny Yuliati,
• Siew Ling Lee and
• Hendrik O. Lintang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1368–1379, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.135

• -nitrophenol at room temperature, the highly ordered structure of the as-fabricated silica/gold nanoparticle thin film composite after thermal hydrogen reduction at 210 °C resulted in an improved catalytic activity for the reduction of 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol compared to the material calcined at 250 °C

• reduction at 210 °C, the composite will start to decompose its organic components in [Au3Pz3]C10TEG and then form porous structures in mesoporous silica with high quality. It should be noted that [AuNPs]red/silicahex at 230 °C showed a significant decrease in the ordered structure, suggesting the

• ). Since AuNPs were the active site in this reaction, the increase in the catalytic activity of the film composite [AuNPs]red/silicahex at 210 °C is strongly suggested by the small particle size of the as-synthesized AuNPs in high-quality mesostructured silica. Since the NaBH4 concentration largely

Construction of a 0D/1D composite based on Au nanoparticles/CuBi₂O₄ microrods for efficient visible-light-driven photocatalytic activity

• Weilong Shi,
• Mingyang Li,
• Hongji Ren,
• Feng Guo,
• Xiliu Huang,
• Yu Shi and
• Yubin Tang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1360–1367, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.134

• , Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212018, PR China School of Energy and Power, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212003, PR China 10.3762/bjnano.10.134 Abstract Photocatalysis is considered to be a promising technique for the degradation of organic pollutants. Herein, a 0D/1D composite

• composites with 2.5 wt % Au NPs was 4.76 times as high as that of bare CBO microrods. Additionally, the 0D/1D Au/CBO composite also exhibited ideal stability. The significant improvement of the photocatalytic performance could be attributed to the improved light harvesting and increased specific surface area

• , enhancing photoresponse and providing more active sites. Our work shows a possible design of efficient photocatalysts for environmental remediation. Keywords: Au nanoparticles; 0D/1D composite; CuBi2O4 microrods; photocatalysis; photocatalytic degradation; Introduction Heterogeneous semiconductor

Nanoscale spatial mapping of mechanical properties through dynamic atomic force microscopy

• Zahra Abooalizadeh,
• Leszek Josef Sudak and
• Philip Egberts

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1332–1347, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.132

• models of failure, specifically when the failure mode occurs at a nanoscale interface of two different phases, such as those in composite materials [8][9]. Therefore, the study of nanoscale mechanical properties is critical for the development of next-generation materials, advanced mechanical systems

Multicomponent bionanocomposites based on clay nanoarchitectures for electrochemical devices

• Giulia Lo Dico,
• Bernd Wicklein,
• Lorenzo Lisuzzo,
• Giuseppe Lazzara,
• Pilar Aranda and
• Eduardo Ruiz-Hitzky

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1303–1315, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.129

• (Pangel® S9) under ultrasound irradiation. The incorporation of these components into a polymeric CHI matrix results in composite materials that can be processed either as films or as foams. In agreement with previous works [25][26], the ultrasound treatment of this type of sepiolite in aqueous medium

• Young’s modulus of the films (Figure 4A) increases with the clay nanofiller content from 5 GPa for pure chitosan up to 11 GPa for the sample Film-4, which contains 40% of clay components. These findings are in good agreement with the mechanical properties of similar composite materials based on sepiolite

• immobilized in mesopores of Al2O3 membranes (10–30 mM) [63], sol–gel-derived composite films (14 mM) [64], and similar devices based on graphene and carbon nanotubes (4–15 mM) [65][66]. The low Km value is indicative of an excellent performance attributed to strong substrate binding and high enzymatic

A silver-nanoparticle/cellulose-nanofiber composite as a highly effective substrate for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy

• Yongxin Lu,
• Yan Luo,
• Zehao Lin and
• Jianguo Huang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1270–1279, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.126

• . Results and Discussion Characterization of the Ag-NP/cellulose-NF composite The silver-nanoparticle/cellulose-nanofiber SERS substrates were fabricated by deposition of silver nanoparticles onto the surfaces of the cellulose nanofibers of ordinary laboratory filter paper by the silver mirror reaction. As

• , respectively. The field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) images of the Ag-NP/cellulose-NF composite sheets in Figure 1 show that the surfaces of the cellulose fibers are decorated with silver particles. The comparison with SEM images of bare filter paper (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S1

• good agreement with the afore-mentioned characterizations. SERS performance of the Ag-NP/cellulose-NF substrate The performance of the Ag-NP/cellulose-NF composite sheets as SERS substrates was investigated by using Rhodamine 6G (R6G, inset of Figure 4a) as probe molecule. Neither the filter paper

Green fabrication of lanthanide-doped hydroxide-based phosphors: Y(OH)₃:Eu³⁺ nanoparticles for white light generation

• Tugrul Guner,
• Anilcan Kus,
• Mehmet Ozcan,
• Aziz Genc,
• Hasan Sahin and
• Mustafa M. Demir

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1200–1210, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.119

• optoelectronic properties. As an application, these fabricated red phosphors were integrated into a PDMS/YAG:Ce3+ composite and used to generate white light. The resulting white light showed a remarkable improvement (≈24%) in terms of luminous efficiency, a slight reduction of CCT (from 3900 to 3600 K), and an

• mold was put into a vacuum oven for 30 min for solvent evaporation. Finally, this mold was cured and cross-linked at 100 °C for 30 min and then the free-standing composite film was removed from the mold. Computational details To investigate the effect of europium dopants on the structural and

• of the spectrum. They are far from the ideal white light and require more blue color to shift the resulting color spectrum towards white. Therefore, integration of Y(OH)3:20% Eu3+ into the PDMS/YAG:Ce3+ composite is just part of the process towards obtaining high quality white light generation. It is

Porous N- and S-doped carbon–carbon composite electrodes by soft-templating for redox flow batteries

• Maike Schnucklake,
• László Eifert,
• Jonathan Schneider,
• Roswitha Zeis and
• Christina Roth

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1131–1139, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.113

• Technology, Institute of Physical Chemistry, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany 10.3762/bjnano.10.113 Abstract Highly porous carbon–carbon composite electrodes for the implementation in redox flow battery systems have been synthesized by a novel soft-templating approach. A PAN-based carbon felt was embedded into a

• novel composite electrodes that were synthesized utilizing the soft-template method inspired by Martinez de Yuso et al. from 2017 [23]. With this method we are able to reduce the cost for the precursor materials significantly. We are able to use pyrrole-2-carboxyaldehyde, instead of ionic liquids, as

• interactions between phloroglucinol and the surfactant lead to the formation of hydrogen bonds to the polyethylene chains of the polymer. In this fashion the porogen initiates a porous structure. It will be removed during the subsequent carbonization step [25]. The new composite materials have great potential

Synthesis and characterization of quaternary La(Sr)S–TaS₂ misfit-layered nanotubes

• Marco Serra,
• Erumpukuthickal Ashokkumar Anumol,
• Dalit Stolovas,
• Iddo Pinkas,
• Ernesto Joselevich,
• Reshef Tenne,
• Andrey Enyashin and
• Francis Leonard Deepak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1112–1124, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.111

• . (a,b) HAADF-STEM images of a SrxLa1−xS–TaS2 (20 atom % Sr in the precursor) nanotube showing multiple orientations of TaS2 layers. (a) HAADF-STEM image and (b–f) EDX elemental mapping on a SrxLa1−xS–TaS2 (40 atom % Sr in the precursor) nanotube of (b) Ta, (c) La, (d) a composite map of the elements

Nanoscale optical and structural characterisation of silk

• Meguya Ryu,
• Reo Honda,
• Adrian Cernescu,
• Arturas Vailionis,
• Armandas Balčytis,
• Jitraporn Vongsvivut,
• Jing-Liang Li,
• Denver P. Linklater,
• Elena P. Ivanova,
• Vygantas Mizeikis,
• Mark J. Tobin,
• Junko Morikawa and
• Saulius Juodkazis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 922–929, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.93

• properties of a material are interrelated. By using a wide spectrum of electromagnetic waves from visible light to terahertz radiation, it is possible to gain insights into complex hierarchical structures of composite materials. For materials with strong structural anisotropy, defined by the molecular

Synthesis of novel C-doped g-C₃N₄ nanosheets coupled with CdIn₂S₄ for enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution

• Jingshuai Chen,
• Chang-Jie Mao,
• Helin Niu and
• Ji-Ming Song

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 912–921, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.92

• effective strategy, the combination of C-doping with nanocomposite semiconductors, is presented in this work. C-doped g-C3N4 (CCN) was prepared by supramolecular self-assembly and subsequently a number of CdIn2S4/CCN composite photocatalysts were designed and fabricated though in situ decoration of CdIn2S4

• . Keywords: C-doped g-C3N4; CdIn2S4; composite materials; hydrogen generation; photocatalysis; Introduction The serious environmental concerns and increasing global energy demand have instigated growing awareness in the field of alternative energy generation over the past few decades. Photocatalysis

• , Huang et al. fabricated self-doped C-atom g-C3N4 via self-assembly, which exhibited highly efficient photocatalytic activity of H2 evolution under visible-light irradiation [22]. Moreover, the construction of a heterojunction composite is an effective approach to facilitate the separation of

Rapid, ultraviolet-induced, reversibly switchable wettability of superhydrophobic/superhydrophilic surfaces

• Yunlu Pan,
• Wenting Kong,
• Bharat Bhushan and
• Xuezeng Zhao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 866–873, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.87

• locations. SEM images of TiO2–PFOS and Al2O3–PFOS composite surfaces. FTIR spectra of TiO2 and TiO2–PFOS, Al2O3 and Al2O3–PFOS. (a) Contact angle and FTIR spectrum of the TiO2–PFOS surface under different treatment conditions. (b) The change in transmittance for selected transitions, –OH, –CF2- and –CF3. (a

• /superhydrophilic switching of the composite surface under UV illumination and heating (top), and the first and last cycle wettability switching process of a sample (bottom). Effect of PFOS concentration on the wettability conversion time and number of conversion cycles. Acknowledgements This research was

Novel reversibly switchable wettability of superhydrophobic–superhydrophilic surfaces induced by charge injection and heating

• Xiangdong Ye,
• Junwen Hou and
• Dongbao Cai

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 840–847, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.84

• Figure 2a and Figure 2b, respectively. It is obvious that after spraying, the glass-slide surface became rough with a large number of particles that formed irregular micro- and nanoscale composite structures, which increased the roughness of the coating surface and changed the wettability of the coating

Periodic Co/Nb pseudo spin valve for cryogenic memory

• Nikolay Klenov,
• Yury Khaydukov,
• Sergey Bakurskiy,
• Roman Morari,
• Igor Soloviev,
• Vladimir Boian,
• Thomas Keller,
• Mikhail Kupriyanov,
• Anatoli Sidorenko and
• Bernhard Keimer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 833–839, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.83

• ]. These ideas can be implemented through a Josephson contact with two stable states: a high value of the critical current, IC, corresponds to the ”open” state and a low value to the ”closed” state. Such a device can be assembled if the weak link is a composite F/N/F trilayer (N is a normal metal) whose

Tungsten disulfide-based nanocomposites for photothermal therapy

• Tzuriel Levin,
• Hagit Sade,
• Rina Ben-Shabbat Binyamini,
• Maayan Pour,
• Iftach Nachman and
• Jean-Paul Lellouche

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 811–822, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.81

• ) nanocomposite. The composite is magnetic and forms a stable dispersion in water. It was characterized to verify the CAN-mag attachment to the nanotubes, and tested for PTT. Preliminary in-vitro PTT tests show that the WS2-CAN-mag nanocomposite successfully eliminated two types of cancerous cells: HeLa cells

• steps that might cause massive breakage or exfoliation of the nanotubes. For this reason, we aimed for preparation conditions that would allow composite formation without damaging the nanotubes. Electron microscopy images (Figure 2) show that WS2 nanotubes maintained their general shape after

• in TEM, and bright in SEM. A possible reason for this is that CAN-mag composite has a strong positive surface charge (see zeta potential results below in Figure 7), causing electrostatic repulsion forces that prevent a denser coverage. Another point that the electron microscope images show (see

Polydopamine-coated Au nanorods for targeted fluorescent cell imaging and photothermal therapy

• Boris N. Khlebtsov,
• Andrey M. Burov,
• Timofey E. Pylaev and
• Nikolai G. Khlebtsov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 794–803, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.79

• 10.3762/bjnano.10.79 Abstract Au nanorods (AuNRs) have attracted a great interest as a platform for constructing various composite core/shell nanoparticles for theranostics applications. However, the development of robust methods for coating AuNRs with a biocompatible shell of high loading capacity and

• AuNRs, PDA-coated AuNRs and AuNRs-PDA-R123-folate nanocomposite particles. The inclusion of the rhodamine dye into the composite nanoparticles can be confirmed by the increased extinction in the wavelength region around 500 nm. The differential spectrum peak of AuNR-PDA composites before and after

• loading of rhodamine 123 corresponds to the absorption peak of rhodamine 123 in solution, thus confirming the successful inclusion of dye molecules into the PDA shell via amine groups through a simple one-step procedure. The number of R123 molecules per composite particle can be estimated as follows

An efficient electrode material for high performance solid-state hybrid supercapacitors based on a Cu/CuO/porous carbon nanofiber/TiO₂ hybrid composite

• Mamta Sham Lal,
• Thirugnanam Lavanya and
• Sundara Ramaprabhu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 781–793, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.78

• carbon nanofiber/TiO2 (Cu/CuO/PCNF/TiO2) composite uniformly covered with TiO2 nanoparticles was synthesized by electrospinning and a simple hydrothermal technique. The synthesized composite exhibits a unique morphology and excellent supercapacitive performance, including both electric double layer and

• pseudo-capacitance behavior. Electrochemical measurements were performed by cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge–discharge and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The highest specific capacitance value of 530 F g−1 at a current density of 1.5 A g−1 was obtained for the Cu/CuO/PCNF/TiO2 composite

• electrode in a three-electrode configuration. The solid-state hybrid supercapacitor (SSHSC) fabricated based on this composite exhibits a high specific capacitance value of 330 F g−1 at a current density of 1 A g−1 with 78.8% capacitance retention for up to 10,000 cycles. At the same time, a high energy

Towards rare-earth-free white light-emitting diode devices based on the combination of dicyanomethylene and pyranine as organic dyes supported on zinc single-layered hydroxide

• Jeff L. Nyalosaso,
• Rachod Boonsin,
• Pierre Vialat,
• Damien Boyer,
• Geneviève Chadeyron,
• Rachid Mahiou and
• Fabrice Leroux

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 760–770, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.75

• Jeff L. Nyalosaso Rachod Boonsin Pierre Vialat Damien Boyer Genevieve Chadeyron Rachid Mahiou Fabrice Leroux Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, ICCF, F-63000 Clermont–Ferrand, France 10.3762/bjnano.10.75 Abstract A new luminescent composite film resulting from the dispersion of

• large part of the visible spectrum. The concept developed in our work consisted in keeping SLH in its wet form to ensure a good dispersion of the fluorescent dyes prior to immobilizing the hybrid materials in a silicone polymer to achieve luminescent composite films. We demonstrate that these coatings

• organic dyes in the SLH matrix in its wet form. The resulting product consisting of dispersed hybrid sheets is then immobilized and dried in a polymer network such as silicone, so as to form a luminescent composite film. Another method reported in the literature to overcome the aggregation-induced

On the transformation of “zincone”-like into porous ZnO thin films from sub-saturated plasma enhanced atomic layer deposition

• Alberto Perrotta,
• Julian Pilz,
• Stefan Pachmajer,
• Antonella Milella and
• Anna Maria Coclite

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 746–759, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.74

• and, in turn, on the consequent possible clogging of the forming pores. Moreover, there are thorough investigations on the formation of porous oxides and metal-oxide/carbon composite films starting from MLD-derived metal alkoxides for Al-based [8][29] and Ti-based [11] materials. In these studies

An iridescent film of porous anodic aluminum oxide with alternatingly electrodeposited Cu and SiO₂ nanoparticles

• Menglei Chang,
• Huawen Hu,
• Haiyan Quan,
• Hongyang Wei,
• Zhangyi Xiong,
• Jiacong Lu,
• Pin Luo,
• Yaoheng Liang,
• Jianzhen Ou and
• Dongchu Chen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 735–745, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.73

• ) appeared in the Co/AAO films depending on the anodization duration, and another set of colors (including purple, indigo, blue, blue-green, and green) also appeared in the Cu/AAO films depending on the oxidation time. This colorful AAO composite film with the electrodeposited metal was a result of an

• increase in the effective refractive index and hence reduction of the reflection of the aluminum substrate [25]. The saturation of the structural colors of the metal-deposited AAO composite film was largely enhanced [25][26][27]. An electrostatic self-assembly technique was also employed to produce large

• oxidation method in phosphoric acid solution, AAO/Al was firstly prepared, onto which a non-magnetic Ag@AAO composite film was further fabricated by an alternating electrodeposition technique. It was found that under incident light at 0°, the color of the Ag/AAO film changed with the electrodeposition time

Outstanding chain-extension effect and high UV resistance of polybutylene succinate containing amino-acid-modified layered double hydroxides

• Adam A. Marek,
• Vincent Verney,
• Christine Taviot-Gueho,
• Grazia Totaro,
• Laura Sisti,
• Annamaria Celli and
• Fabrice Leroux

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 684–695, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.68

• addition of the LDH hybrid materials. There is no reflection coming from pristine LDHs modified by amino acids. In contrast, the PBS–LDH nitrate composite exhibits an initial basal spacing of 0.84 nm. In the case of PBS composites with LDH/PHE or LDH/HIS, the absence of harmonic peaks from the layered

• chains. With a value of a = 3.4 in Equation 1, the ratio of apparent molecular weight between the composite with Mg2Al/PHE and filler-free PBS is of about 400 times (Mw(PBS–Mg2Al/PHE)/Mw(PBS) = 397, resulting in a similar change in the average repeat units under melt state polymer rheology), thus

• towards lower wavelengths, at about 300 nm, which is characteristic for pristine amino acid. A similar phenomenon was observed for the PBS composite with Zn2Al/TYR LDH and is described in the literature [15]. It can be explained by the delamination of the LDH platelets and the presence of LDH filler in a

A carrier velocity model for electrical detection of gas molecules

• Ali Hosseingholi Pourasl,
• Sharifah Hafizah Syed Ariffin,
• Mohammad Taghi Ahmadi,
• Razali Ismail and
• Niayesh Gharaei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 644–653, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.64

• experimental or theoretical simulation studies that investigated graphene, zigzag GNR or their composite material forms. Despite the remarkable advancement in recent years, this area is still in its initial development stage. Some critical issues, such as finding an ideal material and the enhancement of

Topochemical engineering of composite hybrid fibers using layered double hydroxides and abietic acid

• Liji Sobhana,
• Lokesh Kesavan,
• Jan Gustafsson and
• Pedro Fardim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 589–605, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.60

• composites by utilizing the intermolecular hydrogen bonds in natural materials. These materials include wood pulp fibers, abietic acid (resin acid) and inexpensive metal salts. In this work, a hybrid composite was created using bleached and unbleached kraft pulp fibers as cellulose platform. In situ co

• groups of AA to obtain charge-directed assembly of one material on the other material. Thus, composite hybrid fibers (C-HF) were produced and then characterized by optical (CAM), spectroscopic (XRD, IR) and microscopic techniques (SEM) to determine their average length and distribution, structure and

• between material entities play a crucial role in the resulting properties. Keywords: abietic acid; composite hybrid fibers; high tensile pulp; hydrophobic pulp; layered double hydroxides; Introduction Renewable chemicals or materials and their value addition are the current focus in the area of

A porous 3D-RGO@MWCNT hybrid material as Li–S battery cathode

• Yongguang Zhang,
• Jun Ren,
• Yan Zhao,
• Taizhe Tan,
• Fuxing Yin and
• Yichao Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 514–521, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.52

• , Geelong, Vic 3216, Australia 10.3762/bjnano.10.52 Abstract In this work, a unique three-dimensional (3D) structured carbon-based composite was synthesized. In the composite, multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) form a lattice matrix in which porous spherical reduced graphene oxide (RGO) completes the 3D

• structure. When used in Li–S batteries, the 3D porous lattice matrix not only accommodates a high content of sulfur, but also induces a confinement effect towards polysulfide, and thereby reduces the “shuttle effect”. The as-prepared S-3D-RGO@MWCNT composite delivers an initial specific capacity of 1102

• mAh·g−1. After 200 charging/discharge cycles, a capacity of 805 mAh·g−1 and a coulombic efficiency of 98% were maintained, implying the shuttle effect was greatly suppressed by the composite matrix. In addition, the S-3D-RGO@MWCNT composite also exhibits an excellent rate capability. Keywords: carbon