Electrospun one-dimensional nanostructures: a new horizon for gas sensing materials

• Muhammad Imran,
• Nunzio Motta and
• Mahnaz Shafiei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2128–2170, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.202

• the development of the gas sensors employing electrospun nanofibers have been published. Recently, Choi et al. [43] reported a review on chemiresistive and optical sensors employing only semiconducting metal oxides and their functionalization by catalytic nanoparticles. Herein, we will comprehensively

• structural properties, including size and topology of the MOx 1D nanostructures, which leads to a change in their chemical sensing behaviour. [8][147][148][149][150]. Yamazoe et al.[151][152] explained the two types of functionalization mechanisms occurring in metal oxides as chemical sensitization and

• -WO3 NTs toward 5 ppm toluene at 400 °C is measured. A negligible NO response (1.25 for the Pt-WO3 NTs and 1.04 for the Pd-WO3 NTs at 5ppm) at 400 °C was found. One problem associated with surface functionalization of NPs (3–50 nm) is their agglomeration. Traditional functionalization methods have

Phosphorus monolayer doping (MLD) of silicon on insulator (SOI) substrates

• Noel Kennedy,
• Ray Duffy,
• Luke Eaton,
• Dan O’Connell,
• Scott Monaghan,
• Shane Garvey,
• James Connolly,
• Chris Hatem,
• Justin D. Holmes and
• Brenda Long

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2106–2113, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.199

• MLD on SOI, which allows for the impact of reduced substrate dimensions to be probed. The doping was done through functionalization of the substrates with chemically bound allyldiphenylphosphine dopant molecules. Following functionalization, the samples were capped and annealed to enable the diffusion

• carrier concentrations greater than those that would be expected in bulk silicon. Results and Discussion 1 × 1 cm bulk p-type silicon and SOI samples were cut, and hydrogen-terminated using 2% hydrofluoric acid. The functionalization procedure was then carried out as outlined in the Experimental section

• important to note that functionalization was carried out using a low concentration of ADP (0.1 M = 2% v/v). Even at these low levels it was found on bulk silicon substrates that ADP produced optimal active carrier concentration levels after processing with a functionalization of 3 h shown in Figure 5. 13 nm

Nanoconjugates of a calixresorcinarene derivative with methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) fragments for drug encapsulation

• Alina M. Ermakova,
• Julia E. Morozova,
• Yana V. Shalaeva,
• Victor V. Syakaev,
• Aidar T. Gubaidullin,
• Alexandra D. Voloshina,
• Vladimir V. Zobov,
• Irek R. Nizameev,
• Olga B. Bazanova,
• Igor S. Antipin and
• Alexander I. Konovalov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2057–2070, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.195

• outstanding class of synthetic macrocycles. With regard to supramolecular containers for drug encapsulation they offer a convenient platform that allows for the functionalization of upper and lower rim by different groups, offers an aromatic cavity capable to π–π, CH–π and cation–π interactions and can form

• usage of fragments of known biocompatible polymers, such as PEG, polylactic acid and polycaprolactone. The functionalization of the calixresorcinarene platform with such fragments leads to the formation of hyperbranched three-dimensional structures, which exhibit a higher solubility, lower viscosity and

Metal-free catalysis based on nitrogen-doped carbon nanomaterials: a photoelectron spectroscopy point of view

• Mattia Scardamaglia and
• Carla Bittencourt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2015–2031, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.191

• paragraph. The increasing interest in new functionalization strategies of carbon nanomaterials have been triggered by the wide range of potential applications. Co-doping After the reports on the catalytic performance of nitrogen-doped carbon nanomaterials for the ORR, the scientific interest turned to the

• [76]. Post-synthetic treatments are more effective to achieve surface functionalization, while the use of nitrogen-containing precursors along with a carbon source is more suitable to obtain a homogeneous incorporation of nitrogen in 3D graphene foam [77], multiwalled CNTs [78] or porous carbon [79

• : for energies close to the threshold for carbon substitution, functionalization takes place, while at higher energies the main electronic signatures of graphene are compromised indicating the destruction of the hexagonal lattice due to the metallic atoms backscattering from the substrate [55][88]. In

Defect formation in multiwalled carbon nanotubes under low-energy He and Ne ion irradiation

• Santhana Eswara,
• Jean-Nicolas Audinot,
• Brahime El Adib,
• Maël Guennou,
• Tom Wirtz and
• Patrick Philipp

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1951–1963, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.186

• in the sample. Depending on the sample a fourth peak due to intercalated graphite compounds and increasing disorder produced by functionalization and strain can appear in the region of 1617–1625 cm−1 [1]. Further information on defects can be obtained by the intensity of optical absorbance which is

The inhibition effect of water on the purification of natural gas with nanoporous graphene membranes

• Krzysztof Nieszporek,
• Tomasz Pańczyk and
• Jolanta Nieszporek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1906–1916, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.182

• nitrogen atoms. A variable degree of pore functionalization will be helpful to investigate the influence of water on the gas permeation through the nanopores. Atomic charges for atoms in the rim of nanopore HH were obtained using the OPLS force field, whereas the charges for atoms in the rims of nanopores

SO₂ gas adsorption on carbon nanomaterials: a comparative study

• Deepu J. Babu,
• Divya Puthusseri,
• Frank G. Kühl,
• Sherif Okeil,
• Michael Bruns,
• Manfred Hampe and
• Jörg J. Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1782–1792, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.169

• shown that the oxygen functionalities present on GO are in the form of hydroxy and carboxy groups [12]. The tunability of the material in terms of porosity and extent of functionalization makes GO a prototype of a hydrophilic carbon adsorbent and as such interesting for studying gas adsorption in 2D

Controllable one-pot synthesis of uniform colloidal TiO₂ particles in a mixed solvent solution for photocatalysis

• Jong Tae Moon,
• Seung Ki Lee and
• Ji Bong Joo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1715–1727, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.163

• preparing colloidal nanostructures and many colloidal TiO2 porous particles have been demonstrated [13][15][26]. Among the various colloidal TiO2 nanostructures, there has been increasing interest in uniform, colloidal TiO2 spheres due to their advantageous characteristics including facile functionalization

Nanoporous silicon nitride-based membranes of controlled pore size, shape and areal density: Fabrication as well as electrophoretic and molecular filtering characterization

• Axel Seidenstücker,
• Stefan Beirle,
• Fabian Enderle,
• Paul Ziemann,
• Othmar Marti and
• Alfred Plettl

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1390–1398, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.131

• ], an essential future aim based on the present work is the realization of filters that combine mechanically stable solid-state membranes containing quasi-identical nanopores with the possibility of their additional functionalization by inserting various types of organic moieties. In that case

Atomic-level characterization and cilostazol affinity of poly(lactic acid) nanoparticles conjugated with differentially charged hydrophilic molecules

• María Francisca Matus,
• Martín Ludueña,
• Cristian Vilos,
• Iván Palomo and
• Marcelo M. Mariscal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1328–1338, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.126

• charged groups must surround the surface region for an optimal functionalization/charge distribution, which is a key factor in determining physicochemical interactions with different biological molecules inside the organism. Another important point that was investigated was the encapsulation of drugs in

• distributed at the nanoparticle surface. Ensuring a correct PEGylation process is crucial. The surface design of NPs requires that the charged groups must surround the surface region for an optimal functionalization/charge distribution, which is a key factor in determining physicochemical interactions with

Semi-automatic spray pyrolysis deposition of thin, transparent, titania films as blocking layers for dye-sensitized and perovskite solar cells

• Hana Krýsová,
• Josef Krýsa and
• Ladislav Kavan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1135–1145, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.105

• compositions of spray pyrolysis precursors is a bit empirical, and the comparison of TAA vs TAA-AcAc is not reinforced by deeper discussion of the growth mechanism and structure of the products. Matteocci et al. [13] assumed that acetylacetone can induce functionalization of FTO, aiding in turn an efficient

Review on nanoparticles and nanostructured materials: history, sources, toxicity and regulations

• Jaison Jeevanandam,
• Ahmed Barhoum,
• Yen S. Chan,
• Alain Dufresne and
• Michael K. Danquah

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1050–1074, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.98

Electro-optical interfacial effects on a graphene/π-conjugated organic semiconductor hybrid system

• Karolline A. S. Araujo,
• Luiz A. Cury,
• Matheus J. S. Matos,
• Thales F. D. Fernandes,
• Luiz G. Cançado and
• Bernardo R. A. Neves

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 963–974, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.90

• of graphene-based devices, SAM surface functionalization is employed for both doping level control and work function tuning [14][15][16]. The present work brings these two fronts together by investigating a graphene/retinoic acid (RA) – a π-conjugated organic semiconductor – hybrid system and its

• surface), G (green color), Gf and RA (brown – dark and blue – illuminated). It is clear in Figure 4f that, upon RA functionalization, the surface potential of a graphite microplate decreases. This provides a signature of p-type doping of graphene, as follows: the work function φ of any material is given

• of Gf, which results from the p-doping of Gf induced by RA functionalization. The data in Figure 5 clearly indicate that RA self-assembled monolayers present a larger surface potential difference compared to graphite microplate (in agreement with the photo-assisted EFM experiments in Figure 4). In

Heavy-metal detectors based on modified ferrite nanoparticles

• Urszula Klekotka,
• Ewelina Wińska,
• Elżbieta Zambrzycka-Szelewa,
• Dariusz Satuła and
• Beata Kalska-Szostko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 762–770, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.69

• agreement, which also confirms the successful fabrication of requested structures. Infrared spectroscopy All samples were measured by IR spectroscopy to see if the surface of nanoparticles changes after core modification and surface functionalization. This method was also expected to serve as a reference

• unmodified one) in the range of 1393–1591 cm−1, which indicates the presence of C–C bonds in the rings of PA and SA [30]. The spectra after functionalization with 3-PPA or 16-PHDA show the presence of signals around 1060 and 1105 cm−1, which proves the presence of P–O and P–O–Fe stretching bonds [31]. Bands

• hint that local Fe surrounding becomes maghemite-like. In Figure 5B, the spectra of SA-modified Mn0.5Fe2.5O4 nanoparticles after the adsorption of different ions are depicted. The comparison of spectra collected in Figure 5B with unmodified particles (Figure 5A) indicates that surface functionalization

The effect of atmospheric doping on pressure-dependent Raman scattering in supported graphene

• Egor A. Kolesov,
• Mikhail S. Tivanov,
• Olga V. Korolik,
• Olesya O. Kapitanova,
• Xiao Fu,
• Hak Dong Cho,
• Tae Won Kang and
• Gennady N Panin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 704–710, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.65

• designed to operate on the basis of undoped properties of graphene; on the other hand, the adsorption of certain functional groups, for example, can be used as a constituent part of the methods of graphene functionalization [4]. At the same time, graphene layers on substrates are necessary for

• , graphene functionalization techniques, and taking into account adsorption effects during nanoelectronic device engineering. Experimental Graphene was synthesized on Cu foil at 1020 °C by a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method using a mixture of CH4 of 40 sccm and H2 of 10 sccm. Cu foil (Alfa Aesar

Cyclodextrin-assisted synthesis of tailored mesoporous silica nanoparticles

• Fuat Topuz and
• Tamer Uyar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 693–703, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.64

• functionalization-induced changes in the CD structure. The solubility of CD molecules greatly varies depending on the CD structure. Pristine CDs are poorly soluble molecules due to the presence of strong intermolecular hydrogen bonding in the crystal state (e.g., the solubility of β-CD in water is 18.5 g/L) [22

• structure [23][24]. The aggregation is mainly governed by hydrogen bonds between the hydroxyl moieties. After the functionalization with HP motifs, no significant aggregation was observed for partially substituted HP-β-CDs at low concentration (12 mM) [25]. It is thus expected that the HP-γ-CD incorporation

Tuning adhesion forces between functionalized gold colloidal nanoparticles and silicon AFM tips: role of ligands and capillary forces

• Sven Oras,
• Sergei Vlassov,
• Marta Berholts,
• Rünno Lõhmus and
• Karine Mougin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 660–670, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.61

• higher than on their nanoparticle counterparts, the dependance on functional groups remained the same. Keywords: adhesion; AFM; gold; nanoparticle functionalization; nanoparticles; Introduction Adhesion is a complex combination of various interfacial forces such as capillary, electrostatic and vdW

• surface treatment. One approach is the functionalization of the surfaces with various ligands. For instance, grafting a thin molecular film with hydrophobic tail groups on a surface, formed by self-assembly process, prevents the formation of nano- or microdroplets of water on the treated sample, or

• between Au particles and silicon substrates. Furthermore, Langbein et al. stated that the vdW attraction between two surfaces is only affected by their outer layers, if the separation of the surfaces is lower or in the same range as the thickness of the outer layer [22]. As a result, functionalization of

Single-step process to improve the mechanical properties of carbon nanotube yarn

• Maria Cecilia Evora,
• Xinyi Lu,
• Nitilaksha Hiremath,
• Nam-Goo Kang,
• Kunlun Hong,
• Roberto Uribe,
• Gajanan Bhat and
• Jimmy Mays

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 545–554, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.52

• . Covalent bonding among the tubes can be obtained via simultaneous functionalization and crosslinking [19]. Possible strategies for enhancing the friction between CNTs include modifying CNT surfaces through physical processes (e.g., condensing the tubes under high pressure) [16], chemical processes [20][21

• a dose of 27 kGy. The low dose of 27 kGy was chosen for this preliminary investigation because only functionalization on the MWNT powder surface was desired. The aim of this preliminary study was to verify the conversion of AN to PAN on the MWNT powder surface under e-beam irradiation. An aqueous

• . investigated the functionalization of vapor-grown carbon fibers (VGCFs), via gamma and e-beam radiation processes using acrylic acid as a source of oxygen functional groups, which enhanced the dispersion of VGCFs in water [33]. Unlike CNTs, VGCFs have a unique morphology, a tubular structure with the sidewalls

Colloidal solution of silver nanoparticles for label-free colorimetric sensing of ammonia in aqueous solutions

• Alessandro Buccolieri,
• Antonio Serra,
• Gabriele Giancane and
• Daniela Manno

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 499–507, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.48

• absorption spectra in a concentration-dependent manner and catalyses the formation of silver nanoparticles. Size, shape and surface functionalization of the nanoparticles can strongly influence the spectral trend of the plasmon band of the silver nanoparticles [28][29]. As evident from Figure 1, the plasmon

Engineering of oriented carbon nanotubes in composite materials

• Razieh Beigmoradi,
• Abdolreza Samimi and
• Davod Mohebbi-Kalhori

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 415–435, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.41

• anisotropy, is achieved for the engineering of cardiac [21], muscle [22] and nerve tissues [23]. Finally, CNT properties can be fine-tuned upon chemical functionalization. However, the latter characteristic needs to be well-balanced in order to prevent degradation of the CNT properties [24][25][26]. The

Anchoring of a dye precursor on NiO(001) studied by non-contact atomic force microscopy

• Sara Freund,
• Antoine Hinaut,
• Nathalie Marinakis,
• Edwin C. Constable,
• Ernst Meyer,
• Catherine E. Housecroft and
• Thilo Glatzel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 242–249, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.26

• , Switzerland 10.3762/bjnano.9.26 Abstract The properties of metal oxides, such as charge-transport mechanisms or optoelectronic characteristics, can be modified by functionalization with organic molecules. This kind of organic/inorganic surface is nowadays highly regarded, in particular, for the design of

A robust AFM-based method for locally measuring the elasticity of samples

• Alexandre Bubendorf,
• Stefan Walheim,
• Thomas Schimmel and
• Ernst Meyer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1–10, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.1

• of the Young’s modulus of the FDTS monolayer. Effect of tip functionalization on the SiOx elasticity peak of the SAM sample The proximity of the peaks of FDTS and SiOx holes can be explained by the fact that during scanning, some material of FDTS has gathered around the tip, so that the relatively

• AFM scan on silicon. Since our sample consists of a perforated Teflon-like monolayer, the cantilever tip is most likely constantly functionalized with a thin layer of FDTS. This leads to the observed soft elasticity in- and outside the holes. The stability of this functionalization during the scan can

• 1.2 nm deep holes. Due to the functionalization of the cantilever tip by SAM molecules, a similar stiffness is measured inside and outside the holes. Finally, the measured value of the storage modulus of 478.5 ± 0.5 MPa, which is close to the value for bulk PTFE (500 MPa), can be used as an estimation

L-Lysine-grafted graphene oxide as an effective adsorbent for the removal of methylene blue and metal ions

• Yan Yan,
• Jie Li,
• Fangbei Kong,
• Kuankuan Jia,
• Shiyu He and
• Baorong Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2680–2688, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.268

• strong cohesive interactions of graphene basal planes and edges have also caused some difficulties in attaining its optimal performance. Hence, the functionalization of graphene has been extensively developed to further improve its properties and broaden its potential application, such as loading of

• defects and π–π interactions on the graphene basal planes and edges can enhance the adsorption capacities for pollutants [3][20]. We inferred that organic molecules modifying graphene might improve their adsorption capabilities. For instance, Swager et al. reported the surface functionalization of

Patterning of supported gold monolayers via chemical lift-off lithography

• Liane S. Slaughter,
• Kevin M. Cheung,
• Sami Kaappa,
• Huan H. Cao,
• Qing Yang,
• Thomas D. Young,
• Andrew C. Serino,
• Sami Malola,
• Jana M. Olson,
• Stephan Link,
• Hannu Häkkinen,
• Anne M. Andrews and
• Paul S. Weiss

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2648–2661, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.265

• regions containing Au–alkanethiolates appeared bright in fluorescence microscopy images (Figure 2). Using this straightforward functionalization and visualization method, we investigated patterns of lifted-off Au monolayers on PDMS as substrates for DNA recognition. Upon hybridization of dye-labeled

• functionalization chemistries of Au. Experimental Fabricating patterned polydimethylsiloxane stamps Stamps with topographic features were prepared as previously described [85]. The Sylgard® 184 silicone elastomer kits were purchased from Dow Corning (Midland, MI, USA). The elastomer base and curing agent were mixed

The role of ligands in coinage-metal nanoparticles for electronics

• Ioannis Kanelidis and
• Tobias Kraus

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2625–2639, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.263

• ligands are employed during synthesis to determine geometry [2][8], to control colloidal stability [5][26][27][28], to expand the solubility range through end-functionalization [29], or to influence the electro-optical features [26][30] of the resulting nanoparticles (NPs). They can act as cross-linkers