Interfacial charge transfer processes in 2D and 3D semiconducting hybrid perovskites: azobenzene as photoswitchable ligand

• Nicole Fillafer,
• Tobias Seewald,
• Lukas Schmidt-Mende and
• Sebastian Polarz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 466–479, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.38

• temperature. The solvent was removed, and the residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate (EA) and methanol (MeOH) (5:1) and filtered over silica gel. The solvent was removed and a yellowish powder was obtained [61]. The product was characterized by using 1H NMR spectroscopy. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) n = 1: δ

Correction: Biocatalytic oligomerization-induced self-assembly of crystalline cellulose oligomers into nanoribbon networks assisted by organic solvents

• Yuuki Hata,
• Yuka Fukaya,
• Toshiki Sawada,
• Masahito Nishiura and
• Takeshi Serizawa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 370–371, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.27

• Technology (PRESTO), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi-shi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan DKS Co. Ltd., 5 Ogawaracho, Kisshoin, Minami-ku, Kyoto-shi, Kyoto 601-8391, Japan 10.3762/bjnano.11.27 Keywords: cellulose oligomer; gel; nanoarchitectonics; nanoribbon networks

Poly(1-vinylimidazole) polyplexes as novel therapeutic gene carriers for lung cancer therapy

• Gayathri Kandasamy,
• Elena N. Danilovtseva,
• Vadim V. Annenkov and
• Uma Maheswari Krishnan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 354–369, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.26

• efficiency of the formed complexes in A549 lung cancer cells. The polyplex formed was found to exhibit 66% complexation efficiency. The complexation was confirmed by gel retardation assays, FTIR and thermal analysis. The blank PVI polymer was not toxic to cells. The polyplex was found to exhibit excellent

• : The polyplexes with a tracking dye (bromophenol blue, 2 µL), were loaded on a 1% agarose gel. The electrophoresis was carried in Tris/boric acid buffer (TBE) buffer at 80 V for 45 min. The gel was imaged after staining with ethidium bromide in a UV transilluminator using a gel documentation system

• heparin/siRNA (v/v) ratio. The samples were electrophoresed on a 1% agarose gel containing 0.5 μg/mL ethidium bromide at 80 V for 20 min. The bands were imaged using the gel documentation system. In vitro studies Cell viability: The effect of blank polymer and polyplex was determined using MTS (3-(4,5

Interactions at the cell membrane and pathways of internalization of nano-sized materials for nanomedicine

• Valentina Francia,
• Daphne Montizaan and
• Anna Salvati

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 338–353, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.25

• Section 2.1. Recently, computer simulations and in vitro studies of nanoparticle–membrane interactions have shown that the surface of nanomaterials can in itself induce several changes at the plasma membrane, by determining sol–gel transitions in the lipid bilayer and impairing lipid lateral diffusion

Understanding nanoparticle flow with a new in vitro experimental and computational approach using hydrogel channels

• Armel Boutchuen,
• Dell Zimmerman,
• Abdollah Arabshahi,
• John Melnyczuk and
• Soubantika Palchoudhury

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 296–309, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.22

• ). The swelling behavior was highly influenced by the pH value of the solution. The selected gel formulation synthesized with 1.3 mL DI water showed an increased mass of 25% at pH 2, 30% at pH 13, and a maximum of 60% at pH 11. Figure 3 shows the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of the different

• showed the smoothest surface of all gel formulations. The gels prepared with 1.5 mL DI water showed a distinctly porous surface structure. Therefore, the 1.3 mL DI water hydrogels were most suitable for making flow channels of negligible friction to resemble the vascular microenvironment. The hollow 3D

• hydrogel channels were formed via a facile experimental technique using a newly constructed syringe and plastic tube assembly (Figure 4). The liquid gel was allowed to solidify overnight within the syringe–tube assembly and slowly removed from the assembly after solidification. The resultant final product

Facile biogenic fabrication of hydroxyapatite nanorods using cuttlefish bone and their bactericidal and biocompatibility study

• Satheeshkumar Balu,
• Manisha Vidyavathy Sundaradoss,
• Swetha Andra and
• Jaison Jeevanandam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 285–295, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.21

• literature that synthetic and conventional Hap has been prepared by various chemical procedures such as hydrothermal, sol–gel, mechanochemical, reverse microemulsion and precipitation methods, and the resulting material has been proposed to be highly beneficial in hard tissue treatments [3][4][5]. However

• ]. Similarly, Padmanabhan et al. (2009) prepared the Hap NRs using the sol–gel method that had 70–90 nm width and 400–500 nm length [39]. Likewise, Papageorgiou et al. (2014) fabricated Hap NRs with 20 nm width and 400 nm length by the hydrothermal method [40]. Thus, it is evident from the previous studies

• with tissue. Further, Jadalannagari et al. (2011) and Zanotto et al. (2012) synthesized Hap NRs with smaller width and length via sol–gel and precipitation approaches, respectively [43][44], as compared to the present study. However, it is noteworthy that the biogenic fabrication of nanometer-sized Hap

Fabrication of Ag-modified hollow titania spheres via controlled silver diffusion in Ag–TiO₂ core–shell nanostructures

• Bartosz Bartosewicz,
• Malwina Liszewska,
• Bogusław Budner,
• Marta Michalska-Domańska,
• Krzysztof Kopczyński and
• Bartłomiej J. Jankiewicz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 141–146, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.12

• metal nanoparticles. A simple method employing sol–gel coating of nanoparticles with titania followed by controlled silver diffusion was developed and applied for the synthesis of Ag-modified hollow TiO2 spheres. The morphology of the synthesized structures and their chemical composition was

The different ways to chitosan/hyaluronic acid nanoparticles: templated vs direct complexation. Influence of particle preparation on morphology, cell uptake and silencing efficiency

• Arianna Gennari,
• Julio M. Rios de la Rosa,
• Erwin Hohn,
• Maria Pelliccia,
• Enrique Lallana,
• Roberto Donno,
• Annalisa Tirella and
• Nicola Tirelli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2594–2608, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.250

• degradation of low-MW and high-MW chitosan nanoparticles prepared by ionotropic gelation or direct polyelectrolyte complexation was assayed by gel electrophoresis after nuclease and chitosanase/heparin treatment, as already described in [9]. Briefly, 44 µL of siRNA either loaded in the nanoparticles (25 wt

• % loading with respect to chitosan, a high siRNA loading for precise gel analysis) or dissolved in water at the same concentration (40 µg/mL) were incubated with 22 µL of a solution of RNAse I (15 mM Tris buffer, 0.3 M NaCl, pH 7.0) at a concentration of 0, 0.33 and 3.33 U (corresponding to 0, 0.5, and 5 U

• acid released in solution was quantified using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE, 18-well/30 µL, 15% Criterion TM TBE-Urea Gel, Biorad; 70 min, 120 V). Gels were imaged with a UV trans-illuminator (ChemiDoc™ MP System #170-8280) adjusting the exposure time to avoid saturation, and the acquired

Fully amino acid-based hydrogel as potential scaffold for cell culturing and drug delivery

• Dávid Juriga,
• Evelin Sipos,
• Orsolya Hegedűs,
• Gábor Varga,
• Miklós Zrínyi,
• Krisztina S. Nagy and
• Angéla Jedlovszky-Hajdú

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2579–2593, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.249

• adjust the pH value. The mixture was loaded into glass frames in order to prepare gel films. After 24 h, the gelation occurred and every sample had a PSI content of 15 wt % at a theoretical degree of 20 cross-links. The degree of cross-links is defined as the molar ratio of monomers and cross-linking

• agents. The reaction of the gel formation is shown in Figure 1, step 1. Six gel types were prepared with different ratio of the cross-linking agents (Table 1). The number in the name of the samples indicates the molar percentage of CYS of the total amount of cross-linking agents. For example, PSI-100CYS

• of both the PSI- and the PASP-based gels, gel disks of three different diameters (6, 10 and 14 mm) were prepared. The weight of the disks was measured after reaching the equilibrium swelling degree in DMSO (for the PSI-based gels) or in an imidazole buffer of pH 8 (for the PASP-based gels). After

Long-term stability and scale-up of noncovalently bound gold nanoparticle-siRNA suspensions

• Anna V. Epanchintseva,
• Julia E. Poletaeva,
• Dmitrii V. Pyshnyi,
• Elena I. Ryabchikova and
• Inna A. Pyshnaya

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2568–2578, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.248

• stability of the AuNP-siRNA suspensions during storage by gel electrophoresis and dynamic light scattering, studied the samples by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), determined spectral characteristics of the AuNP-siRNA, and monitored the preservation of the siRNA on the AuNP surface by electrophoresis

• contains a share of AuNP-siRNA particles with a charge significantly below the average. The analysis of the same amount of AuNP-siRNA sample by gel electrophoresis confirmed the presence of particles with a charge significantly below the average in sample ×10 (blue color track in Figure 1E,F). For

• surface of gold nanoparticles. The integrity of siRNA in the AuNP-siRNA was examined after storage of the suspension for three weeks and seven months by the treatment with dithiothreitol (DTT) for the desorption of siRNA from the nanoparticle surface, followed by the analysis by gel electrophoresis

Advanced hybrid nanomaterials

• Andreas Taubert,
• Fabrice Leroux,
• Pierre Rabu and
• Verónica de Zea Bermudez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2563–2567, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.247

• into a broad scientific and technological subject including important fields such as sol–gel chemistry [4][5], polymer nanocomposites [6][7], and hybrid nanomaterials [8][9]. Nowadays, hybrid materials are almost everywhere and provide a wide range of applications from biology and health, to photonic

• the polyol process” [19], the synthetic process was found to be of prime importance to shape the nanoparticles and to optimize their surface/volume ratio in relation to the magnetic behavior. A one-step non-hydrolytic sol–gel synthesis of mesoporous TiO2 phosphonate hybrid materials was applied to

Mobility of charge carriers in self-assembled monolayers

• Zhihua Fu,
• Tatjana Ladnorg,
• Hartmut Gliemann,
• Alexander Welle,
• Asif Bashir,
• Michael Rohwerder,
• Qiang Zhang,
• Björn Schüpbach,
• Andreas Terfort and
• Christof Wöll

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2449–2458, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.235

• remainder was taken up in a mixture of hexanes and dichloromethane (4:1), and separated by chromatography on silica gel using a solvent gradient starting with the same composition. The product was recrystallized from isopropanol (ca. 100 mL). Yield: 0.10 g of a yellowish solid (61%). 1H NMR (CDCl3, 250 MHz

Design of a nanostructured mucoadhesive system containing curcumin for buccal application: from physicochemical to biological aspects

• Sabrina Barbosa de Souza Ferreira,
• Gustavo Braga,
• Évelin Lemos Oliveira,
• Jéssica Bassi da Silva,
• Hélen Cássia Rosseto,
• Lidiane Vizioli de Castro Hoshino,
• Mauro Luciano Baesso,
• Wilker Caetano,
• Craig Murdoch,
• Helen Elizabeth Colley and
• Marcos Luciano Bruschi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2304–2328, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.222

• structuring can be explained by the transition from liquid to gel. However, the increase of CUR led to a significant decrease in the yield value, probably due to the higher exposure of the hydrophilic portion to water [62][63]. The hysteresis area of the formulations was investigated by RheoWin 4.10.0000

• G’ values exceeded G” and the loss tangent was smaller than 1 for the viscoelastic preparations. Thus, the viscoelasticity is favorable to oscillatory movements performed at 25 °C, occurring during transport and storage of formulations [9]. The gelation temperature, Tsol–gel, of the formulations

• containing CUR, the Tsol–gel is considered suitable (between 25 and 37 °C). Texture profile analysis The mechanical properties of the preparations with and without CUR were evaluated by texture profile analysis (TPA). The information about the physical structure of gels obtained by TPA are useful for the

A novel all-fiber-based LiFePO₄/Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ battery with self-standing nanofiber membrane electrodes

• Li-li Chen,
• Hua Yang,
• Mao-xiang Jing,
• Chong Han,
• Fei Chen,
• Xin-yu Hu,
• Wei-yong Yuan,
• Shan-shan Yao and
• Xiang-qian Shen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2229–2237, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.215

• performance. In particular, the all-fiber-based gel-state battery composed of LiFePO4 and Li4Ti5O12 fiber membrane electrodes can be charged/discharged for 800 cycles at 1C with a retention capacity of more than 100 mAh·g−1 and a coulombic efficiency close to 100%. The good electrochemical performance is

• method. We used the materials in all-fiber-based gel batteries (the battery fabrication process is schematically shown in Figure 1). The electrochemical properties of semi-batteries and full batteries were studied, and the mechanisms leading to the high performance of the batteries were subsequently

• a diameter of 18 mm (Figure S1b, Supporting Information File 1). Before the assembly of the battery, the cut membrane was first soaked in LiPF6 electrolyte for 2–3 h. A gel-state 2025 type coin-cell battery was then assembled in an Ar-filled glovebox using this membrane as the gel electrolyte, and

Targeted therapeutic effect against the breast cancer cell line MCF-7 with a CuFe₂O₄/silica/cisplatin nanocomposite formulation

• B. Rabindran Jermy,
• Vijaya Ravinayagam,
• Widyan A. Alamoudi,
• Dana Almohazey,
• Hatim Dafalla,
• Lina Hussain Allehaibi,
• Abdulhadi Baykal,
• Muhammet S. Toprak and
• Thirunavukkarasu Somanathan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2217–2228, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.214

• preparation of a copper nanoferrite using a citrate sol–gel technique [6]. In addition, several metal-based ferrite systems have been recently reported for bioscience applications [7]. Although spinel ferrite nanoparticles are interesting, due to the strong magnetic dipole–dipole interactions, they tend to

Mannosylated brush copolymers based on poly(ethylene glycol) and poly(ε-caprolactone) as multivalent lectin-binding nanomaterials

• Stefania Ordanini,
• Wanda Celentano,
• Anna Bernardi and
• Francesco Cellesi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2192–2206, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.212

• use; THF used for click reaction was dried over Na/benzophenone and freshly distilled. Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) was performed on Silica Gel 60 F254 plates (Merck) with UV detection (254 and 365 nm) or using appropriate developing solutions. Flash column chromatography was performed on silica

• gel 230–400 mesh (Merck). Automated flash chromatography was performed on a Biotage® Isolera™ Prime system. NMR experiments were recorded on a Bruker AVANCE 400 MHz instrument at 298 K. Chemical shifts (δ) are reported in ppm downfield from the deuterated solvent as internal standard, coupling

Use of data processing for rapid detection of the prostate-specific antigen biomarker using immunomagnetic sandwich-type sensors

• Camila A. Proença,
• Tayane A. Freitas,
• Thaísa A. Baldo,
• Elsa M. Materón,
• Flávio M. Shimizu,
• Gabriella R. Ferreira,
• Frederico L. F. Soares,
• Ronaldo C. Faria and
• Osvaldo N. Oliveira Jr.

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2171–2181, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.210

• magnetism than other iron oxide nanoparticles [17]. These MNPs can be synthesized through various techniques, such as ultrasound irradiation, sol–gel methods, thermal decomposition, and co-precipitation [18][19][20][21]. In addition, they can be modified with biomolecules and other compounds to improve the

BergaCare SmartLipids: commercial lipophilic active concentrates for improved performance of dermal products

• Florence Olechowski,
• Rainer H. Müller and
• Sung Min Pyo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2152–2162, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.208

• is very easy by measuring the melting enthalpy using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The melting enthalpy of a SmartLipids suspension can be determined before addition to the product, after addition to a gel or a cream and after storage. In case the particles dissolve, e.g., in an oil of a

• (middle) and a commercial curcumin containing gel product (right). Incubation time was 24 h. Both laser strength (35%) and fluorescence detector gain (720 V) were kept constant during all measurements. Models of cosmetic active agents or drugs (green) incorporated into lipid nanoparticles, from left to

Ion mobility and material transport on KBr in air as a function of the relative humidity

• Dominik J. Kirpal,
• Korbinian Pürckhauer,
• Alfred J. Weymouth and
• Franz J. Giessibl

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2084–2093, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.203

• drying effect of silica gel. With this setup, RH values below 2% can be obtained. The desired humidity can be reached within a time scale ranging from some minutes up to a few hours. Without active influence the air humidity remains quite constant with a maximum rate of change of less than one percent

Review of advanced sensor devices employing nanoarchitectonics concepts

• Katsuhiko Ariga,
• Tatsuyuki Makita,
• Masato Ito,
• Taizo Mori,
• Shun Watanabe and
• Jun Takeya

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2014–2030, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.198

• fluorescent gelators containing a tris(β-diketonato) complex with appropriate metals. The presence of amines can be found through fluorescence-quenching efficiencies of the thin layer films of the gel materials. The prepared films are most sensitive to the detection of tertiary amines. The discrimination and

• important targets in biosensor technology. Someya and co-workers developed a highly flexible organic amplifier to detect weak biosignals [107]. A highly conductive biocompatible gel composite made from multiwalled carbon nanotubes and aqueous hydrogel was integrated into a two-dimensional organic amplifier

Optimization and performance of nitrogen-doped carbon dots as a color conversion layer for white-LED applications

• Tugrul Guner,
• Hurriyet Yuce,
• Didem Tascioglu,
• Eren Simsek,
• Umut Savaci,
• Aziz Genc,
• Servet Turan and
• Mustafa M. Demir

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2004–2013, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.197

• the blue (430 nm), green (500 nm) and red (630 nm) fluorescence, the AC-CDots can produce a pure white-light emission spectrum. Finally, highly efficient CDot/gel glass, phosphor-based, trichromatic WLEDs were developed by Yuan et al. [50]. The authors doped green and red CDots into a matrix of

• methyltriethoxysilane and 3-(triethoxysilyl)propylamine, respectively, to prepare the CDot/gel glass. With this strategy, the authors achieved a LER of 71.75 lm W−1 and a CRI of 93. Lastly, red emitting [51] and white emitting Cl-doped CDots have also been reported [52]. In this work, we report the synthesis of

Nanostructured and oriented metal–organic framework films enabling extreme surface wetting properties

• Andre Mähringer,
• Julian M. Rotter and
• Dana D. Medina

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1994–2003, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.196

• example, sol–gel synthesis, electrochemical deposition, anodization, electrochemical polymerization, electrospinning, plasma treatment, chemical or hydrothermal methods, vapor deposition, layer-by-layer assembly or laser ablation [19][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39]. However, the

The influence of porosity on nanoparticle formation in hierarchical aluminophosphates

• Matthew E. Potter,
• Lauren N. Riley,
• Alice E. Oakley,
• Panashe M. Mhembere,
• June Callison and
• Robert Raja

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1952–1957, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.191

• hydrothermal gel (HP-SAPO-5) preserved the phase purity, as only AlPO-5 features are present (Figure S1, Supporting Information File 1). Nitrogen physisorption measurements show that while the type-I isotherm of MP-SAPO-5 strongly indicates microporosity, HP-SAPO-5 has a type-IV isotherm, indicating the

Synthesis and potent cytotoxic activity of a novel diosgenin derivative and its phytosomes against lung cancer cells

• Liang Xu,
• Dekang Xu,
• Ziying Li,
• Yu Gao and
• Haijun Chen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1933–1942, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.189

• used without further purification. Preparative column chromatography was performed using silica gel 60 with particle size 0.063–0.200 mm (70–230 mesh, Flash). Analytical thin-layer chromatography (TLC) was carried out employing silica gel 60 F254 plates (Merck, Darmstadt). Nuclear magnetic resonance

• mL) and extracted with H2O (20 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with saturated brine, dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered, which was purified by silica gel chromatography (PE/EtOAc 4:1) to give the desired product (348 mg, 38%) as a white solid. TLC: Rf = 0.54 (PE/EtOAc 2:1). 1H NMR

Facile synthesis of carbon nanotube-supported NiO//Fe₂O₃ for all-solid-state supercapacitors

• Shengming Zhang,
• Xuhui Wang,
• Yan Li,
• Xuemei Mu,
• Yaxiong Zhang,
• Jingwei Du,
• Guo Liu,
• Xiaohui Hua,
• Yingzhuo Sheng,
• Erqing Xie and
• Zhenxing Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1923–1932, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.188

• . All-solid-state asymmetric supercapacitor An all-solid-state asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) was constructed with CC-CNT@Fe2O3 as the negative electrode, CC-CNT@NiO as the positive electrode, potassium hydroxide/polyvinyl alcohol gel (KOH/PVA, 1:1 mass ratio) as the electrolyte, and a cellulose

• electrode, CC-CNT@Fe2O3 as the negative electrode, and PVA/KOH gel as the electrolyte delivered a high energy density of 63.3 Wh·kg−1 at 1.6 kW·kg−1. Moreover, the device exhibits superior cycling stability with 83% retention of initial capacitance after 5000 cycles. The outstanding electrochemical