Porous silver-coated pNIPAM-co-AAc hydrogel nanocapsules

• William W. Bryan,
• Riddhiman Medhi,
• Maria D. Marquez,
• Supparesk Rittikulsittichai,
• Michael Tran and
• T. Randall Lee

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1973–1982, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.194

• . However, the surface morphology of the porous nanoshells is rough (see Figure 4b). Possible reasons for the roughness include destabilizing intercalation of the salt precursor into the polymer matrix and insufficient nucleation sites, leading to lengthy time periods needed for nanocapsule growth. To

Layered double hydroxide/sepiolite hybrid nanoarchitectures for the controlled release of herbicides

• Ediana Paula Rebitski,
• Margarita Darder and
• Pilar Aranda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1679–1690, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.163

• techniques (XRD, FTIR and 29Si NMR spectroscopies, CHN analysis and SEM) that revealed interactions of LDH with the sepiolite fibers through the silanol groups present on the outer surface of sepiolite, together with the intercalation of MCPA in the LDH confirmed by the increase in the basal spacing from

• nanoarchitectures and most of the hybrid nanoarchitectures confirm the intercalation of MCPA in the LDH supported on the sepiolite fibers. The d(003) reflection is shifted towards lower 2θ angles, resulting from an increase of the basal spacing from 0.77 to 2.15 nm, with values similar to those observed when MCPA

• is intercalated in the LDH [37][38]. FTIR spectra (Figure 2B) shows bands ascribed to the organic component in all of the hybrid nanoarchitectures, although, as occurs in the MCPAie-LDH intercalation compound, interactions with the inorganic substrate modified the position of the bands. This affects

Materials nanoarchitectonics at two-dimensional liquid interfaces

• Katsuhiko Ariga,
• Michio Matsumoto,
• Taizo Mori and
• Lok Kumar Shrestha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1559–1587, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.153

• strategy for one-dimensional fullerene nanorods a promising approach for applications in photosensitive devices. Ji, Shrestha, and co-workers investigated the effects of the intercalation of polycyclic aromatic compounds, such as naphthalene, anthracene, and pyrene, on the formation of one-dimensional C60

• nanowhiskers in liquid–liquid interfacial precipitation processes [245]. The intercalation of polycyclic aromatic compounds generally modifies the growth of fullerene one-dimensional crystals depending on intercalation species. While anthracene and pyrene led to an increased porosity of the structures, the

• structural characteristics of those without intercalator compounds were preserved in the presence of naphthalene. In addition, intercalation of the polycyclic molecules significantly modified the spectral emissions of the fullerene assemblies probably due to effects of molecular packing on the electron

Multicomponent bionanocomposites based on clay nanoarchitectures for electrochemical devices

• Giulia Lo Dico,
• Bernd Wicklein,
• Lorenzo Lisuzzo,
• Giuseppe Lazzara,
• Pilar Aranda and
• Eduardo Ruiz-Hitzky

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1303–1315, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.129

• nanoclays and GNPs without 2θ displacement (Figure S3, Supporting Information File 1). This suggests that, in contrast to other polymer–HNT composites, no intercalation of chitosan into the halloysite interlayer spacing occurred, and thus, halloysite still remains in its dehydrated form (Figure S4

Photoactive nanoarchitectures based on clays incorporating TiO₂ and ZnO nanoparticles

• Eduardo Ruiz-Hitzky,
• Pilar Aranda,
• Marwa Akkari,
• Nithima Khaorapapong and
• Makoto Ogawa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1140–1156, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.114

• kaolinite surface through sol–gel methods as, for instance, one based on the controlled hydrolysis titanium(IV)-n-butoxide in ethanol, resulting in heterocoagulation with kaolinite in aqueous suspensions [96]. However, kaolinite can be expanded by the intercalation of polar molecules such as urea, dimethyl

• layered clay minerals showed a strong blue-shift compared to bare ZnO prepared at the same precursor concentrations. In kaolinite, the particle size of ZnO was larger and the intercalation ratio was smaller than in montmorillonite 2:1 (a typical smectite clay mineral). In this last case, the average

• than bare ZnO. This was attributed to the dissolution of ZnO in acidic solution, which is suppressed by the hybridization with smectites [46][92][93]. CTA-smectites treated with a hydrothermal solution intercalation method at 70 °C for 10 h lead to ZnO@CTA-montmorillonite where the ZnO NPs are either

Synthesis and characterization of quaternary La(Sr)S–TaS₂ misfit-layered nanotubes

• Marco Serra,
• Erumpukuthickal Ashokkumar Anumol,
• Dalit Stolovas,
• Iddo Pinkas,
• Ernesto Joselevich,
• Reshef Tenne,
• Andrey Enyashin and
• Francis Leonard Deepak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1112–1124, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.111

• different functionalities to be combined and is characterized by the presence of different regions corresponding to the inner and outer surfaces (e.g., for adsorption and catalysis), the interstitial galleries (for intercalation), and the tube termination, which could be either opened or capped [3

Trapping polysulfide on two-dimensional molybdenum disulfide for Li–S batteries through phase selection with optimized binding

• Sha Dong,
• Xiaoli Sun and
• Zhiguo Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 774–780, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.77

• transformation of 2H→1T' has been widely studied [26][27][28]. The fundamental mechanisms of this structural transformation are governed by electron transfer [26], so the phase transition can be initiated by treatment with n-butyllithium (n-BuLi) [27], intercalation of alkali-metal ions [29][30], substitution of

Towards rare-earth-free white light-emitting diode devices based on the combination of dicyanomethylene and pyranine as organic dyes supported on zinc single-layered hydroxide

• Jeff L. Nyalosaso,
• Rachod Boonsin,
• Pierre Vialat,
• Damien Boyer,
• Geneviève Chadeyron,
• Rachid Mahiou and
• Fabrice Leroux

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 760–770, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.75

• is to trap the organic molecules by intercalation so as to preserve their optical properties [10][11]. In the solid matrix the molecule dyes are arranged in the interlayer spaces by monolayer particle assembly and a direct anion-exchange procedure in organic media [12]. Depending on the nature of the

• and co-workers [14]. The most intense (001) peak at 2θ = 6.61° corresponds to an interlayer d-spacing of 1.33 nm where the intercalation of acetate anions occurs [1]. Such intense (001) reflections are characteristic of a layered structure. The other reflections, hkl with h or k ≠ 0, are much weaker

• consists of a quasi-planar triangular array of octahedral divalent metal ions separated by anions, e.g., acetate. Those anions coordinate the metal atoms and water molecules. The intercalation of new guest molecules or ions that substitute the acetate anions located in the interlayer space brings small

Outstanding chain-extension effect and high UV resistance of polybutylene succinate containing amino-acid-modified layered double hydroxides

• Adam A. Marek,
• Vincent Verney,
• Christine Taviot-Gueho,
• Grazia Totaro,
• Laura Sisti,
• Annamaria Celli and
• Fabrice Leroux

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 684–695, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.68

• manner and partially interpenetrating at the aromatic rings, allowing for the structurally beneficial π–π interaction. FTIR spectroscopy was applied to confirm the intercalation of HIS and PHE in the hybrid structures. The FTIR spectra of LDH/HIS and LDH/PHE in comparison to pristine amino acids are

Targeting strategies for improving the efficacy of nanomedicine in oncology

• Gonzalo Villaverde and
• Alejandro Baeza

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 168–181, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.16

• subcellular localizations [42][82]. There are many cytotoxic drugs, such as doxorubicin, that induce cell apoptosis through intercalation with nuclear DNA. Further, gene silencing therapies based on an effective delivery of short hairpin RNA (shRNA) bearing genes for small interfering RNA (siRNA) need nuclear

A novel polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane-modified layered double hydroxide: preparation, characterization and properties

• Xianwei Zhang,
• Zhongzhu Ma,
• Hong Fan,
• Carla Bittencourt,
• Jintao Wan and
• Philippe Dubois

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 3053–3068, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.284

• . In contrast, the LDH modified with OCPS seems to have a denser interlayer packing. Previous literature suggests that the intercalation with linear organic molecules, e.g., surfactants, into pristine LDH can significantly weaken the hydrogen-bonding interactions between interlayer water, interlayer

• plate-like, with smaller sizes in the range of 10–50 nm in diameter. The intercalation of POSS anions does not significantly change the two-dimensional morphology of the LDH. The highly non-uniform sizes and imperfect edges of these particles are an implication for the incomplete growth of OLDH crystals

• analysis The OCPS-modified LDH can be represented by the chemical formula Mg2Al(OH)6OCPSx/8(NO3)1−x·0.4H2O, where OCPS is in its ionic state and x is the degree of intercalation of OCPS. Based on elemental analysis data of carbon [C (wt %)], x can be calculated from the following equation: where MC and

Co-intercalated layered double hydroxides as thermal and photo-oxidation stabilizers for polypropylene

• Qian Zhang,
• Qiyu Gu,
• Fabrice Leroux,
• Pinggui Tang,
• Dianqing Li and
• Yongjun Feng

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2980–2988, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.277

• Auvergne, Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand ICCF, UMR-CNRS 6296, F 63171 Aubière, France 10.3762/bjnano.9.277 Abstract An elegant and efficient approach consisting in the co-intercalation of stabilizing molecular anions is described here. The thermal stabilizer calcium diethyl bis[[[3,5-bis(1,1

• various techniques. The results show that the powdered HnMn′-Ca2Al-LDHs hybrid materials have a much higher thermal stability than MP-Ca and HALS before intercalation. In addition, the HnMn′-Ca2Al/PP composites exhibit a higher overall resistance against thermal degradation and photo-oxidation compared to

• LDHs intercalated with only HALS or MP. This underlines the benefit of the co-intercalation. The co-intercalated LDH materials pave a new way in designing and fabricating high-performance multifunctional additives for polymers. Keywords: co-intercalation; composites; layered double hydroxides; photo

Layered calcium phenylphosphonate: a hybrid material for a new generation of nanofillers

• Kateřina Kopecká,
• Ludvík Beneš,
• Klára Melánová,
• Vítězslav Zima,
• Petr Knotek and
• Kateřina Zetková

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2906–2915, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.269

• order to achieve a homogenous distribution within the volume of the polymer matrix. This is a drawback for natural clays as they are usually hydrophilic, thus their application is more suitable for water-based systems. This limitation can be overcome by intercalation of organic molecules into the

• differ with the metal and organic group incorporated in their structure, the main characteristic remains the same: a strong in-plane bonding in combination with weak van der Waals interactions between the planes. This arrangement enables their use as a host material in intercalation chemistry and as a

• focused on the material itself, characterization of its chemical composition, behavior under different pH and its intercalation chemistry. In this work, this material was studied from the point of its application as a filler in a polymer matrix, which implies that possible ways for large-scale synthesis

Nanostructure-induced performance degradation of WO₃·nH₂O for energy conversion and storage devices

• Zhenyin Hai,
• Mohammad Karbalaei Akbari,
• Zihan Wei,
• Danfeng Cui,
• Chenyang Xue,
• Hongyan Xu,
• Philippe M. Heynderickx,
• Francis Verpoort and
• Serge Zhuiykov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2845–2854, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.265

• of 2D WO3·nH2O originates from its layered structure. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy analyses of as-grown WO3·nH2O samples suggest a structural transition from 2D to 3D upon temperature increase. 2D WO3·nH2O easily generates structural instabilities by 2D intercalation, resulting

• ][25][26]. Its phases (monoclinic, triclinic, orthorhombic and tetragonal) form trigonal, quadrangular, pentagonal, and hexagonal tunnels and cavities for 3D electrochemcial intercalation [27][28][29]. In contrast, its hydrates exhibit a 2D layered strcuture composed of WO5(OH2) single sheets in a

• corner-sharing arrangement with additional water molecules between layers, which is suitable for 2D intercalation chemistry [30][31][32]. Both WO3 and its hydrates have been fabricated via different methods and analyzed with regard to electrochemical, photocatalysis, sensing and electrochromic

Metal-free catalysis based on nitrogen-doped carbon nanomaterials: a photoelectron spectroscopy point of view

• Mattia Scardamaglia and
• Carla Bittencourt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2015–2031, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.191

• subsurface [32][33], consequently the chemical complexity is confined to the two-dimensional interface between graphene and the reactants, without the possibility of intercalation chemistry. In addition to the properties discussed above, the easiness of tuning makes nanocarbon materials very adaptable

• intercalation of metal atoms [99]. The authors reported the calculated and experimental Dirac point positions for different pyridinic/graphitic ratios (Figure 7). There is a counterbalancing effect between the two doping types that obscures the evaluation of the effective charge transfer to/from the dopant

Nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes coated with zinc oxide nanoparticles as sulfur encapsulator for high-performance lithium/sulfur batteries

• Yan Zhao,
• Zhengjun Liu,
• Liancheng Sun,
• Yongguang Zhang,
• Yuting Feng,
• Xin Wang,
• Indira Kurmanbayeva and
• Zhumabay Bakenov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1677–1685, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.159

• large number of mesopores. Unlike ZnO@NCNT reported in the current work, which binds sulfur to the surface, INC encapsulates sulfur inside the pore structure and therefore provides a higher specific capacity. However, INC does not have ZnO-rich active sites and is prone to damage upon the intercalation

Correlative electrochemical strain and scanning electron microscopy for local characterization of the solid state electrolyte Li_1.3Al_0.3Ti_1.7(PO₄)₃

• Nino Schön,
• Deniz Cihan Gunduz,
• Shicheng Yu,
• Hermann Tempel,
• Roland Schierholz and
• Florian Hausen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1564–1572, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.148

• structure, exhibits an anisotropic reaction upon lithium intercalation; the a-axis contracts while the c-axis expands with the transformation from LiTi2(PO4)3 to Li3Ti2(PO4)3 [32]. Hence, LATP might show similar behavior upon (de)-lithiation and its electrostatic interaction can be expected to be strongly

Blister formation during graphite surface oxidation by Hummers’ method

• Olga V. Sinitsyna,
• Georgy B. Meshkov,
• Anastasija V. Grigorieva,
• Alexander A. Antonov,
• Inna G. Grigorieva and
• Igor V. Yaminsky

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 407–414, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.40

• Hummers’ method and investigated by Raman spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. HAPG was used as a graphite precursor because its surface after cleavage contains well-ordered millimeter-sized regions. The treatment resulted in graphite intercalation by sulfuric acid and blister formation all over the

• microscopy (AFM); graphene; graphite intercalation compounds (GICs); graphite oxide (GO); highly annealed pyrolythic graphite (HAPG); Introduction Graphite oxide (GO) and its single-layer derivative, graphene oxide, are of great importance due to their potential applications as a part of supercapacitors

• involves the intercalation of molecules and ions between the carbon layers, the sp2-lattice charging and oxidation [6]. The understanding of these processes is crucial for the reproducible synthesis of GO with desired structure and properties. The larger graphite flakes are used to produce GO, the more

Photocatalytic and adsorption properties of TiO₂-pillared montmorillonite obtained by hydrothermally activated intercalation of titanium polyhydroxo complexes

• Mikhail F. Butman,
• Nikolay L. Ovchinnikov,
• Nikita S. Karasev,
• Nataliya E. Kochkina,
• Alexander V. Agafonov and
• Alexandr V. Vinogradov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 364–378, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.36

• crystallinity (nanocrystals) representing a mixture of anatase and rutile phases. The structures exhibit improved adsorption and photocatalytic activity as a result of hydrothermally activated intercalation of titanium polyhydroxo complexes (i.e., TiCl4 hydrolysis products) in a solution with a concentration

• . Keywords: adsorption; intercalation; mesoporosity; photocatalytic activity; pillared montmorillonite; titanium oxide; Introduction Titanium dioxide in its nanometer-sized form is one of the most promising modern photocatalysts [1]. However, the use of pure TiO2 nanoparticles is hindered by some

• makes it possible to effectively control the formation of titanium polycations by the dynamic scattering of a laser beam. Furthermore, applying titanium polycations for the MM intercalation process promotes a more uniform distribution of the precursor on the inner surface of a layered matrix. Recently

Ab initio study of adsorption and diffusion of lithium on transition metal dichalcogenide monolayers

• Xiaoli Sun and
• Zhiguo Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2711–2718, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.270

• between the different phases occurs during the synthesis process and lithium/sodium intercalation [26][27][28]. Sun et al. [29] have studied the effect of electron doping on the stability of 2H- and 1T'-MoS2, and showed that electron doping can stabilize the crystal structure of 1T'-MoS2. The crystalline

Photobleaching of YOYO-1 in super-resolution single DNA fluorescence imaging

• Joseph R. Pyle and
• Jixin Chen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2296–2306, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.229

• preference. Its fluorescent brightness at visible wavelengths is enhanced over 1,000-fold upon intercalation into DNA as compared to free YOYO-1 in water [13][14][15], which has triggered a revolution in DNA labeling since the 1990s [16]. YOYO-1 has been one of the major dyes used for super-resolution DNA

Systematic control of α-Fe₂O₃ crystal growth direction for improved electrochemical performance of lithium-ion battery anodes

• Nan Shen,
• Miriam Keppeler,
• Barbara Stiaszny,
• Holger Hain,
• Filippo Maglia and
• Madhavi Srinivasan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2032–2044, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.204

• located at 1.5 to 1.3 V and 1.1 V are observed, which correspond to lithium-ion intercalation into the α-Fe2O3 matrix with a multistep electrochemical reaction associated with the phase transformation from LixFe2O3 to cubic Li2Fe2O3 [38]. Subsequently, an intense peak at 0.78 V is presented, indicating

• slopes for the first charge curve from the starting voltage to around 1.2 V and from around 1.1 V to 0.8 V, which corresponds to the intercalation of lithium into α-Fe2O3, resulting in LixFe2O3 and cubic Li2Fe2O3, respectively [11][37]. A strong, pronounced plateau at around 0.8 V indicates the reduction

Intercalation of Si between MoS₂ layers

• Rik van Bremen,
• Qirong Yao,
• Soumya Banerjee,
• Deniz Cakir,
• Nuri Oncel and
• Harold J. W. Zandvliet

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1952–1960, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.196

• . (Adv. Mater. 2014, 26, 2096–2101) that silicon forms a highly strained epitaxial layer on MoS2. Finally, density functional theory calculations indicate that silicene clusters encapsulated by MoS2 are stable. Keywords: intercalation; molybdenum disulfide; scanning tunneling microscopy; silicene; two

• found a similar height variation using density functional theory (DFT) calculations of the intercalation of a single silicon layer in between two MoS2 layers. These calculations are discussed after the presentation of the experimental results. It is immediately obvious from Figure 1f that the transition

• between the MoS2 layers. In addition, we also conclude that the intercalated Si can be oxidized. It is well known that numerous elements have a strong tendency to intercalate between MoS2 layers [49][50]. As for the intercalation mechanism of silicon in between MoS2 layers, we can only speculate. A

Freestanding graphene/MnO₂ cathodes for Li-ion batteries

• Şeyma Özcan,
• Aslıhan Güler,
• Tugrul Cetinkaya,
• Mehmet O. Guler and
• Hatem Akbulut

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1932–1938, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.193

•  6c). The specific capacity of both graphene-reinforced β-MnO2 and γ-MnO2 electrodes decreased dramatically with increasing number of cycles. This could be attributed to the poor electrical conductivity and the textural modification during Li+ intercalation and de-intercalation processes. Cheng et. al

Enhancement of mechanical and electrical properties of continuous-fiber-reinforced epoxy composites with stacked graphene

• Naum Naveh,
• Olga Shepelev and
• Samuel Kenig

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1909–1918, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.191

• an epoxy resin containing surface-active agents (SAAs) enhanced the intercalation of epoxy monomer between EG layers and led to further exfoliation of the graphite, resulting in stacks of few graphene layers, so-called “stacked” graphene (SG). This process enabled electrical conductivity of cured

• -cost conductive alternative [7]. GNPs can be produced by intercalation of the graphitic layers with an appropriate agent followed by exfoliation of the graphite flakes. Exfoliation is obtained by rapid heating resulting in conversion of the intercalant to a gas phase forcing the adjacent graphene

• exfoliating graphite treated by a mixture of H2SO4/HNO3/KMnO4 at a ratio of 1:9:3:0.44 over an immersing time of 150 min in formic acid [10]. Intercalation with 98% HNO3 followed by hydrolysis resulted in the the formation of graphite nitrate with negligible damage to the sp2 graphite lattice. An interlayer