Synthesis of novel C-doped g-C₃N₄ nanosheets coupled with CdIn₂S₄ for enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution

• Jingshuai Chen,
• Chang-Jie Mao,
• Helin Niu and
• Ji-Ming Song

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 912–921, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.92

• , Beijing) equipped with a 420 nm optical filter (to cut off ultraviolet light) was placed on top as the light source. The system was degassed before irradiation and the evolution of hydrogen was detected by inline gas chromatography (CEL-GC7920, TCD, 5A molecular sieve column and N2 as carrier gas

Towards rare-earth-free white light-emitting diode devices based on the combination of dicyanomethylene and pyranine as organic dyes supported on zinc single-layered hydroxide

• Jeff L. Nyalosaso,
• Rachod Boonsin,
• Pierre Vialat,
• Damien Boyer,
• Geneviève Chadeyron,
• Rachid Mahiou and
• Fabrice Leroux

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 760–770, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.75

• how truly the colour of an object is represented by a light source compared to a black-body source. Fifteen standard colour swatches (termed R1 through R15) plus the international standard colour rendering index Ra are represented in Figure 8. In the HPTS/DCM/LED configuration, all the colour indices

Ultrathin hydrophobic films based on the metal organic framework UiO-66-COOH(Zr)

• Miguel A. Andrés,
• Clemence Sicard,
• Christian Serre,
• Olivier Roubeau and
• Ignacio Gascón

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 654–665, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.65

• balances with a filter paper plate. BAM images were obtained using a KSV NIMA Micro BAM, equipped with a red laser light source (50 mW, 659 nm) with a fixed incidence angle of 53.1°. The spatial resolution of this optical system in the water surface plane is 6 µm per pixel. Chloroform (CHCl3, Macron, >99.8

Review of time-resolved non-contact electrostatic force microscopy techniques with applications to ionic transport measurements

• Aaron Mascaro,
• Yoichi Miyahara,
• Tyler Enright,
• Omur E. Dagdeviren and
• Peter Grütter

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 617–633, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.62

• . One example of this is in time-resolved Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) experiments that measure the surface photovoltage of a sample as a function of time after a light source is pulsed. This was first implemented by Takihara et al. to measure the photovoltage dynamics of a sample at time scales

• by the detection electronics, but instead is theoretically limited only by the thermal noise of the cantilever [18]. This principle can be easily extended to ionic systems (such as those discussed previously) by simply replacing the pulsed light source with a pulsed voltage. In this case, the

Direct observation of the CVD growth of monolayer MoS₂ using in situ optical spectroscopy

• Claudia Beatriz López-Posadas,
• Yaxu Wei,
• Wanfu Shen,
• Daniel Kahr,
• Michael Hohage and
• Lidong Sun

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 557–564, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.57

• performed in a confocal microconfiguration using a ×100 microscope objective lens and a 2400 grooves mm−1 grating. For DR measurements, an inverted microscope (Nikon Eclipse Ti) was used. A beam from a tungsten halogen white light source was reflected into a ×50 ultra-long working distance objective using a

Ultraviolet patterns of flowers revealed in polymer replica – caused by surface architecture

• Anna J. Schulte,
• Matthias Mail,
• Lisa A. Hahn and
• Wilhelm Barthlott

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 459–466, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.45

• integrating sphere on the opposite side of the opening where the light source was situated. The polymer replicas were colored black using black dye and a thin layer of carbon black was embedded at the backside of the replicas. Both steps were undertaken to avoid reflection at the backside of the replicas and

Surface plasmon resonance enhancement of photoluminescence intensity and bioimaging application of gold nanorod@CdSe/ZnS quantum dots

• Siyi Hu,
• Yu Ren,
• Yue Wang,
• Jinhua Li,
• Junle Qu,
• Liwei Liu,
• Hanbin Ma and
• Yuguo Tang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 22–31, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.3

• future research. We chose the longer absorption peak of the GNRs as equivalent to the QD PL emission peak. When the QDs and GNRs are coupled together, two kinds of nanostructured particles were combined by mutual electrostatic adsorption. The PL of the QDs could then be used as the light source to excite

A new bioinspired method for pressure and flow sensing based on the underwater air-retaining surface of the backswimmer Notonecta

• Matthias Mail,
• Adrian Klein,
• Horst Bleckmann,
• Anke Schmitz,
• Torsten Scherer,
• Peter T. Rühr,
• Goran Lovric,
• Robin Fröhlingsdorf,
• Stanislav N. Gorb and
• Wilhelm Barthlott

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 3039–3047, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.282

• Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland Department of Functional Morphology and Biomechanics, Institute of Zoology, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Am Botanischen Garten 1–9, D-24118 Kiel, Germany 10.3762

• pixel size of 3 µm. Synchrotron-µCT of basal hemelytra More detailed cross sections of parts of a hemelytron were created at the Swiss Light Source synchrotron of the Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI; Villigen, Switzerland; X02DA TOMCAT beamline). The X-rays, produced by a 2.9 T superbending magnet on a 2.4

Size limits of magnetic-domain engineering in continuous in-plane exchange-bias prototype films

• Alexander Gaul,
• Daniel Emmrich,
• Timo Ueltzhöffer,
• Henning Huckfeldt,
• Hatice Doğanay,
• Johanna Hackl,
• Muhammad Imtiaz Khan,
• Daniel M. Gottlob,
• Gregor Hartmann,
• André Beyer,
• Dennis Holzinger,
• Slavomír Nemšák,
• Claus M. Schneider,
• Armin Gölzhäuser,
• Günter Reiss and
• Arno Ehresmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2968–2979, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.276

• Institute “Electronic Properties”, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA Faculty of Physics, Thin Films and Physics of Nanostructures, University of Bielefeld, 33501 Bielefeld, Germany 10.3762/bjnano.9.276 Abstract

Contactless photomagnetoelectric investigations of 2D semiconductors

• Marian Nowak,
• Marcin Jesionek,
• Barbara Solecka,
• Piotr Szperlich,
• Piotr Duka and
• Anna Starczewska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2741–2749, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.256

• = 1021 photons/(m2s)). Schematic presentation (a) of the measuring set up used for the induction technique of PME investigations of a point-illuminated 2D semiconductor in Corbino configuration (V – nanovoltmeter connected to a measuring coil; L – electronically chopped light source; the other symbols

Impact of the anodization time on the photocatalytic activity of TiO₂ nanotubes

• Jesús A. Díaz-Real,
• Geyla C. Dubed-Bandomo,
• Juan Galindo-de-la-Rosa,
• Luis G. Arriaga,
• Janet Ledesma-García and
• Nicolas Alonso-Vante

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2628–2643, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.244

• . 15 cycles were necessary to obtain a constant current density. Linear sweep voltammograms (LSVs) were recorded at 5 mV/s under N2 and O2 atmosphere. Light source was a Xe lamp (Spectral products, ASB-XE-175) coupled to a motorized monochromator (Horiba Jobin Yvon 0106-07-07) for photo-electrochemical

Au–Si plasmonic platforms: synthesis, structure and FDTD simulations

• Anna Gapska,
• Marcin Łapiński,
• Paweł Syty,
• Wojciech Sadowski,
• Józef E. Sienkiewicz and
• Barbara Kościelska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2599–2608, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.241

• . The sensor was placed in the zx-plane, between the light source and the nanoparticle layer, to allow for recording both incident and reflected fluxes. In both cases the pulse propagated along the y-axis, perpendicular to the sample surface, and was of a collimated phase front with a power of 1 W; the

• for 15 min). Green circles indicate the recognized structures. A sample of 0.5 μm × 0.5 μm size (marked by the black frame) was used for the simulations. Setup for the FDTD and FDTD/DFT simulations. Left: view from the bottom, zx-plane; yellow rectangle – outer border of the light source; red

• rectangle – outer border of the sensors; brown circles – gold nanoparticles. Right: Side view, xy-plane; vellow line – light source, wave propagation in upward direction; red and brown lines – sensors for FDTD and FDTD/DFT simulation sets, respectively; light-blue area – air; yellow area – silicon; brown

Thickness-dependent photoelectrochemical properties of a semitransparent Co₃O₄ photocathode

• Malkeshkumar Patel and
• Joondong Kim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2432–2442, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.228

• light source (5800 K, Bridgelux, ES Star Array, BXRA-56C0700-A) with a light intensity of 100 mW·cm−2 was calibrated with a power meter (KUSAMMECO, KM-SPM-11). Scan rates of 20 mV·s−1 with a 0.1 mV step were set to record the linear sweep voltammetry (LSV), with the scan direction from positive to

Directional light beams by design from electrically driven elliptical slit antennas

• Shuiyan Cao,
• Eric Le Moal,
• Quanbo Jiang,
• Aurélien Drezet,
• Serge Huant,
• Jean-Paul Hugonin,
• Gérald Dujardin and
• Elizabeth Boer-Duchemin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2361–2371, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.221

• phase φ of the optical field at the surface varies with position, i.e., φ(x) = kxsin θ + φ0, where k is the wavevector modulus of the incident light and φ0 is a constant. In order to emit a beam of light in a specific direction, a light source at a planar surface must reproduce this spatial phase

• a planar surface, the phase of the electric field of an incident light beam in (a,c) orthogonal or (b,d) oblique incidence is spatially (a,c) independent or (b,d) dependent, respectively. If this spatial phase distribution is reproduced on a planar surface, an extended planar light source can emit a

• beam of light in a particular direction out of the plane. (e) Such a light source is obtained when an elliptical slit antenna is fed by circular surface waves at one of its focii. The scattered light from the slit has the same spatial phase distribution at the surface as a light beam arriving at

Hierarchical heterostructures of Bi₂MoO₆ microflowers decorated with Ag₂CO₃ nanoparticles for efficient visible-light-driven photocatalytic removal of toxic pollutants

• Shijie Li,
• Wei Jiang,
• Shiwei Hu,
• Yu Liu,
• Yanping Liu,
• Kaibing Xu and
• Jianshe Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2297–2305, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.214

• light source. First, the suspension was stirred in the dark for half an hour. During reaction, 2 mL of solution was taken at certain intervals, and centrifuged to obtain the supernatant for UV–vis spectrophotometry measurements. Total organic carbon (TOC) tests were executed by the degradation of RhB

Optimization of the optical coupling in nanowire-based integrated photonic platforms by FDTD simulation

• Nan Guan,
• Andrey Babichev,
• Martin Foldyna,
• Dmitry Denisov,
• François H. Julien and
• Maria Tchernycheva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2248–2254, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.209

• waveguide are shown in Figure 4. It should be noted that the distributions in Figure 4 show interference effects that are due to our simulation method that uses a monochromatic wave light source. These effects in our case are not physical, since we are dealing with an LED source which has significant

• width. For NW devices with a 1 µm diameter, the optimized efficiency is reached for a 1.49 µm wide waveguide. All of the parameters are within reach of current nanofabrication capabilities. Therefore, the optimized photonic platform with a high light coupling efficiency could be implemented. This light

• source–waveguide–photodetector platform is the main building block of future multifunctional integrated photonic systems for photonic and sensing applications. (a) Schematic illustration of the platform geometry used for the FDTD simulations. The platform consists of a NW LED, waveguide and NW

The role of adatoms in chloride-activated colloidal silver nanoparticles for surface-enhanced Raman scattering enhancement

• Nicolae Leopold,
• Andrei Stefancu,
• Krisztian Herman,
• István Sz. Tódor,
• Stefania D. Iancu,
• Vlad Moisoiu and
• Loredana F. Leopold

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2236–2247, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.208

• reaction does not proceed in the absence of an intense light source, regardless of the amount of hydrogen peroxide added in the reaction mixture. It should be mentioned that the formation of stable, SERS-active Cl-AgNP colloids can also be obtained in the absence of hydrogen peroxide, but in this case, the

A scanning probe microscopy study of nanostructured TiO₂/poly(3-hexylthiophene) hybrid heterojunctions for photovoltaic applications

• Laurie Letertre,
• Roland Roche,
• Olivier Douhéret,
• Hailu G. Kassa,
• Denis Mariolle,
• Nicolas Chevalier,
• Łukasz Borowik,
• Philippe Dumas,
• Benjamin Grévin,
• Roberto Lazzaroni and
• Philippe Leclère

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2087–2096, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.197

• 600 mV. The light source for sample irradiation was a green laser diode (wavelength = 500 nm, power density = 1.45 mW/mm2). Photo-assisted KPFM measurements were also performed in ambient conditions, with a Bruker multimode microscope controlled by a Nanoscope III unit coupled to a Nanonis control

Self-assembled quasi-hexagonal arrays of gold nanoparticles with small gaps for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy

• Emre Gürdal,
• Simon Dickreuter,
• Fatima Noureddine,
• Pascal Bieschke,
• Dieter P. Kern and
• Monika Fleischer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1977–1985, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.188

• -built dark-field spectroscopy setup. A 50× objective (Mitutoyo BD Plan APO SL 50X) was used for imaging and taking the spectra. The samples were illuminated by a laser driven light source (Energetiq EQ-99-FC) at an incident angle of light of about 45°. The spectra were taken with an Andor Shamrock SR

Electromigrated electrical optical antennas for transducing electrons and photons at the nanoscale

• Arindam Dasgupta,
• Mickaël Buret,
• Nicolas Cazier,
• Marie-Maxime Mennemanteuil,
• Reinaldo Chacon,
• Kamal Hammani,
• Jean-Claude Weeber,
• Juan Arocas,
• Laurent Markey,
• Gérard Colas des Francs,
• Alexander Uskov,
• Igor Smetanin and
• Alexandre Bouhelier

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1964–1976, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.187

• electrically characterize the transport properties of the junctions in the light of the Fowler–Nordheim representation and the Simmons model for electron tunneling. We demonstrate light emission from the feedgap upon electron injection and show examples of how this nanoscale light source can be coupled to

Numerical analysis of single-point spectroscopy curves used in photo-carrier dynamics measurements by Kelvin probe force microscopy under frequency-modulated excitation

• Pablo A. Fernández Garrillo,
• Benjamin Grévin and
• Łukasz Borowik

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1834–1843, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.175

• milliseconds and a few hundreds of milleseconds) under frequency-modulated excitation (light source, electrical bias), yielding an averaged time-integral value of the instantaneous photovoltage. One can obtain a spectroscopy curve of the average surface photovoltage (SPVAV) by sweeping the excitation source

Know your full potential: Quantitative Kelvin probe force microscopy on nanoscale electrical devices

• Amelie Axt,
• Ilka M. Hermes,
• Victor W. Bergmann,
• Niklas Tausendpfund and
• Stefan A. L. Weber

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1809–1819, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.172

• observed fundamental differences in the potential distribution when using FM sideband KPFM as compared to AM lift mode KPFM (Figure 1). The cell was under short circuit conditions and could be illuminated with a white light source from the side. Further details on the solar cell, the sample preparation and

Direct AFM-based nanoscale mapping and tomography of open-circuit voltages for photovoltaics

• Katherine Atamanuk,
• Justin Luria and
• Bryan D. Huey

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1802–1808, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.171

• (Asylum Research MFP-3D-IO) is custom-mounted on an optical microscope (Nikon TE-2000) that has a broad-spectrum LED light source (Cree MK-R 12). The LED illuminates an area of ca. 1·104 µm2, including the sample/tip junction, from below through a 40× objective to provide an intensity of ca. 1 equivalent

• be directly determined by engaging the secondary feedback loop as previously described. Since the notations ISC and VOC are technically defined for 1 equivalent sun, all results and discussions indicate an effective ISC* and VOC* because the light source is not a true solar simulator. In any case

Controllable one-pot synthesis of uniform colloidal TiO₂ particles in a mixed solvent solution for photocatalysis

• Jong Tae Moon,
• Seung Ki Lee and
• Ji Bong Joo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1715–1727, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.163

• LED lamp was used as the light source during the photocatalysis experiments. The concentration of RhB was monitored by UV–vis spectrophotometry (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Genesys 10S) during the reaction. (a–e) TEM images of as-synthesized TiO2 with different volume ratios of ethanol to acetonitrile

Multimodal noncontact atomic force microscopy and Kelvin probe force microscopy investigations of organolead tribromide perovskite single crystals

• Yann Almadori,
• David Moerman,
• Jaume Llacer Martinez,
• Philippe Leclère and
• Benjamin Grévin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1695–1704, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.161

• AFM (nc-AFM) combined with KPFM. MAPbBr3 has been selected for these experiments since its absorption band edge [12] falls well below the wavelength of the AFM light source (840 nm for the Omicron VT-AFM setup used here). A specific protocol allowing simultaneous recording of the spectroscopic curves