Interaction of Te and Se interlayers with Ag or Au nanofilms in sandwich structures

• Arkadiusz Ciesielski,
• Lukasz Skowronski,
• Marek Trzcinski,
• Ewa Górecka,
• Wojciech Pacuski and
• Tomasz Szoplik

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 238–246, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.22

• ) and ellipsometric measurements, showed that using either of these interlayers introduces strain in nanocrystals of both plasmonic films. This, in turn, influences the migration of Se and Te into the metal layers. Selenium atoms migrate both in the silver and gold nanolayers, while tellurium atoms

Raman study of flash-lamp annealed aqueous Cu₂ZnSnS₄ nanocrystals

• Yevhenii Havryliuk,
• Oleksandr Selyshchev,
• Mykhailo Valakh,
• Alexandra Raevskaya,
• Oleksandr Stroyuk,
• Constance Schmidt,
• Volodymyr Dzhagan and
• Dietrich R. T. Zahn

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 222–227, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.20

• nanocrystals (NCs) is investigated by Raman spectroscopy. Unlike similar previous studies of NCs synthesized at high temperatures in organic solvents, NCs in this work, which have diameters as small as 2–6 nm, were synthesized under environmentally friendly conditions in aqueous solution using small molecules

• field. Among them are kesterite Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) and related compounds [1][2][3]. This class of compounds can be used in the promising technology of “printing” solar cells using inks based on CZTS nanocrystals (NCs) [4][5][6][7]. However, the structural complexity of these compounds results in numerous

• , project “ChaSe”), Volkswagen Foundation (project “New functionalities of semiconductor nanocrystals by controllable coupling to molecules”), by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No 701254, and by NAS of Ukraine (project

Surface plasmon resonance enhancement of photoluminescence intensity and bioimaging application of gold nanorod@CdSe/ZnS quantum dots

• Siyi Hu,
• Yu Ren,
• Yue Wang,
• Jinhua Li,
• Junle Qu,
• Liwei Liu,
• Hanbin Ma and
• Yuguo Tang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 22–31, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.3

• can be easily tuned from the visible to the near-infrared (NIR) spectrum. QDs have emerged as the next generation of luminescence materials, and they have been widely used as nanoprobes for bioimaging and biosensing. As semiconductor nanocrystals, their large surface-to-volume ratio is advantageous

Zn/F-doped tin oxide nanoparticles synthesized by laser pyrolysis: structural and optical properties

• Florian Dumitrache,
• Iuliana P. Morjan,
• Elena Dutu,
• Ion Morjan,
• Claudiu Teodor Fleaca,
• Monica Scarisoreanu,
• Alina Ilie,
• Marius Dumitru,
• Cristian Mihailescu,
• Adriana Smarandache and
• Gabriel Prodan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 9–21, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.2

• states and VB/CB” (valence band/conduction band) “by adjusting the position of bandgap to obtain an optimized narrow value” [23]. Thus, using a solution-based single-source precursor (Er-doped KSnF3), oxygen-vacancy-rich nanocrystals of co-doped Er and F SnO2 were obtained at low temperature with an

• pyrolysis of SnMe4 and ZnEt2 sensitized with a SF6 gas flow, all in oxidative mixtures. We also report a study on the structural, optical and electrical properties of such Zn/F co-doped SnO2 nanoparticles. Depending on the experimental parameters, different Zn and F doping levels in SnO2-based nanocrystals

• nanoparticles measured from TEM images. The tendency of the reduction in the mean crystallite size with increasing Zn concentration (without ZnO phase segregation) was also observed for the case of Zn-doped SnO2 nanocrystals prepared by a solid-state reaction from stannous chloride and zinc acetate, yet in this

Site-controlled formation of single Si nanocrystals in a buried SiO₂ matrix using ion beam mixing

• Xiaomo Xu,
• Thomas Prüfer,
• Daniel Wolf,
• Hans-Jürgen Engelmann,
• Lothar Bischoff,
• René Hübner,
• Karl-Heinz Heinig,
• Wolfhard Möller,
• Stefan Facsko,
• Johannes von Borany and
• Gregor Hlawacek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2883–2892, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.267

• 01069, Germany 10.3762/bjnano.9.267 Abstract For future nanoelectronic devices – such as room-temperature single electron transistors – the site-controlled formation of single Si nanocrystals (NCs) is a crucial prerequisite. Here, we report an approach to fabricate single Si NCs via medium-energy Si

Graphene-enhanced metal oxide gas sensors at room temperature: a review

• Dongjin Sun,
• Yifan Luo,
• Marc Debliquy and
• Chao Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2832–2844, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.264

• this type of composite sensors is a problem. Recently Li et al. [73] reported an ultrafast and sensitive NH3 sensor using rGO decorated with TiO2 nanocrystals. There were two different morphologies in these sensing materials: rGO either laid on the surface of TiO2 nanoparticles, partly wrapping them

• electrons transferred from graphene to Co3O4 through the Co–O–C bonds lead to an additional increase of the width of hole accumulation layers, leading to a high sensitivity at room temperature. In another work, Feng et al. [92] developed composite nanofibers of rGO-coated Co3O4 nanocrystals by using

Comparative biological effects of spherical noble metal nanoparticles (Rh, Pd, Ag, Pt, Au) with 4–8 nm diameter

• Alexander Rostek,
• Marina Breisch,
• Kevin Pappert,
• Kateryna Loza,
• Marc Heggen,
• Manfred Köller,
• Christina Sengstock and
• Matthias Epple

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2763–2774, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.258

• [89]. It was shown by Ino that metal nanoparticles (Ag, Au, Cu, Pd, Pt) prefer an icosahedral structure if their diameter is smaller than approximately 10 nm. Nanocrystals with larger diameters prefer the shape of a truncated octahedron [88][90]. UV–vis spectroscopy gives information on the optical

Oriented zinc oxide nanorods: A novel saturable absorber for lasers in the near-infrared

• Pavel Loiko,
• Tanujjal Bora,
• Josep Maria Serres,
• Haohai Yu,
• Magdalena Aguiló,
• Francesc Díaz,
• Uwe Griebner,
• Valentin Petrov,
• Xavier Mateos and
• Joydeep Dutta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2730–2740, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.255

• 16 kW/cm2 for this material [26]. Loiko et al. studied the saturable absorption of Co2+-doped ZnO nanocrystals in a glass matrix at 1.540 µm, employing them as a SA for a bulk Er laser [27], however, the saturable absorption was mostly due to the Co2+ ions in Td sites. In the present work, we

• much lower compared, e.g., with the few-layer MoS2 SA (0.5 MW/cm2) [31] which can be due to the at least partial coupling of light inside the NRs thus enhancing the light–matter interaction. Previously, the absorption saturation of ZnO nanocrystals in a polymer film was studied [26] at 1.560 µm also

• single carbon layer and few-layer MoS2) in terms of the pulse duration, similarly to the case of the Yb laser. This is attributed to the relatively large fraction of the saturable losses for the ZnO NRs, as summarized in Table 2. ZnO nanocrystals (unoriented and with nearly-spherical shape) embedded in a

Size-selected Fe₃O₄–Au hybrid nanoparticles for improved magnetism-based theranostics

• Maria V. Efremova,
• Yulia A. Nalench,
• Eirini Myrovali,
• Anastasiia S. Garanina,
• Ivan S. Grebennikov,
• Polina K. Gifer,
• Maxim A. Abakumov,
• Marina Spasova,
• Makis Angelakeris,
• Alexander G. Savchenko,
• Michael Farle,
• Natalia L. Klyachko,
• Alexander G. Majouga and
• Ulf Wiedwald

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2684–2699, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.251

• diameters of 6–44 nm (Fe3O4) and 3–11 nm (Au) were prepared by high temperature, wet chemical synthesis. High-quality Fe3O4 nanocrystals with bulk-like magnetic behavior were obtained as confirmed by the presence of the Verwey transition. The 25 nm diameter Fe3O4–Au hybrid nanomaterial sample (in aqueous

• high quality of the Fe3O4 nanocrystals. Instances of slightly off-stoichiometric Fe3O4 leads to rather large shifts of TV towards lower temperatures [35]. Therefore, the Verwey transition could often not be identified in NP ensembles since the transition smears out over a broader temperature range [36

Silencing the second harmonic generation from plasmonic nanodimers: A comprehensive discussion

• Jérémy Butet,
• Gabriel D. Bernasconi and
• Olivier J. F. Martin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2674–2683, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.250

• nonlinear nanocrystals [10][11][12], has been taken up, enabling a strong control of light–matter interaction in these hybrid nanostructures. At the same time, it was proposed to use nanoantennas for the observation of nonlinear optical processes at the nanoscale [13]. The basic idea in nonlinear plasmonics

Nanoantenna structures for the detection of phonons in nanocrystals

• Alexander G. Milekhin,
• Sergei A. Kuznetsov,
• Ilya A. Milekhin,
• Larisa L. Sveshnikova,
• Tatyana A. Duda,
• Ekaterina E. Rodyakina,
• Alexander V. Latyshev,
• Volodymyr M. Dzhagan and
• Dietrich R. T. Zahn

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2646–2656, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.246

• (SEIRA) by optical phonons of semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs) deposited on the arrays. The arrays of nano- and microantennas fabricated with nano- and photolithography reveal infrared-active LSPR modes of energy ranging from the mid to far-infrared that allow the IR response from very low concentrations

• transverse optical phonons are activated in the infrared spectra. Keywords: localized surface plasmon resonance; metal nanoclusters; nanoantenna; phonons; semiconductor nanocrystals; surface-enhanced infrared absorption; Introduction Surface-enhanced infrared absorption (SEIRA) by organic species placed on

• fructose concentrations in solutions, including market beverages [20] with concentrations as low as 10 mg/dL. Despite the significant progress in SEIRA of organic molecules at ultra-low concentrations, the plasmonic enhancement of IR absorption by inorganic nanomaterials like nanocrystals (NCs) has not

Nanocellulose: Recent advances and its prospects in environmental remediation

• Katrina Pui Yee Shak,
• Yean Ling Pang and
• Shee Keat Mah

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2479–2498, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.232

• –SO3− functional group) (Figure 3b) showed superior Ag(I) adsorption capacity over CNC obtained via mechanical grinding. Similar to CNC extraction from cellulose, acid hydrolysis is commonly used to fabricate bacteria nanocrystals from BC microfibrils [77]. To aid in the delamination of nanofibrils in

• nanoparticles and cellulose chains are compatible due to covalent bonds, which can improve the rigidity of the polymer chain and increase the energy required to break down the polymer chain [121]. Similar enhancement results were also obtained with cadmium sulphide (CdS) nanocrystals deposited on NCC which was

• material in the field of membrane technology for environmental remediation will be discussed. Cellulose nanofibers and nanocrystals have been studied as membrane construction materials for wastewater treatment [146], gas

Thickness-dependent photoelectrochemical properties of a semitransparent Co₃O₄ photocathode

• Malkeshkumar Patel and
• Joondong Kim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2432–2442, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.228

• ) up to 120 μA·cm−2 at 1.23 V vs RHE. For precise observation, we provided the morphologies of the 170 nm thick Co3O4 film in Figure 4. The FESEM images clearly showed the pores (diameter 14–20 nm) and the nanocrystals (diameter 24–42 nm). Through the pores the surface area of Co3O4 film can be

• distribution observed from the TEM image further illuminates the porous features of the Co3O4 nanocrystals and the enhanced photocurrent in the PEC cell performance. A complete cross-sectional image of the Co3O4/FTO/glass using the TEM is shown in Figure 5b. This confirms a void-free interface, which is

• flat band to depletion condition); (c) 1.4 to 0.8 V vs RHE (covering the onset potential, which is close to the flat band potential as well as OER). Surface morphology of the 170 nm thick Co3O4 film on FTO/glass showing (a) the pores with diameters of 14–20 nm and (b) Co3O4 nanocrystals with diameters

Two-dimensional photonic crystals increasing vertical light emission from Si nanocrystal-rich thin layers

• Lukáš Ondič,
• Marian Varga,
• Ivan Pelant,
• Alexander Kromka,
• Karel Hruška and
• Robert G. Elliman

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2287–2296, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.213

• into square and hexagonal pattern with lattice constants computed such that the red photoluminescence of Si nanocrystals (SiNCs) could couple to leaky modes of the PhCs and could be efficiently extracted to surrounding air. Samples having different lattice constants and heights of columns were

• spatial collection angle of 14°. Keywords: leaky modes; photoluminescence; photonic crystals; silicon nanocrystals; Introduction Photonic and plasmonic nanostructures can be employed to manipulate light on the nanoscale [1][2][3][4]. For example, photons emitted within a thin waveguiding layer can be

• sapphire by 40%. Thanks to recent progress in the understanding of light emission from silicon nanostructures, silicon nanocrystals (SiNCs) are envisaged as potential candidates for LEDs. SiNCs-based light-emitting devices with external quantum efficiencies up to 1.1% [19] and even up to 8.6% [20] have

Intrinsic ultrasmall nanoscale silicon turns n-/p-type with SiO₂/Si₃N₄-coating

• Dirk König,
• Daniel Hiller,
• Noël Wilck,
• Birger Berghoff,
• Merlin Müller,
• Sangeeta Thakur,
• Giovanni Di Santo,
• Luca Petaccia,
• Joachim Mayer,
• Sean Smith and
• Joachim Knoch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2255–2264, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.210

• [2]. The considerable broadening of dopant profiles from drain/source regions into gate areas persists [3]. Moreover, required ULSI transistor functionality and emerging applications of Si-nanocrystals (NCs) [4] unveiled additional doping issues: self-purification [5][6], suppressed dopant ionization

• (see Supporting Information File 1). Results and Discussion h-DFT calculations of embedded Si nanocrystals, fundamentals of energy offset For evaluating the energy shift ΔE of the electronic DOS between usn-Si covered with SiO2 or Si3N4, we calculated two Si-NCs (Si10, 0.8 nm size) within one

Lead-free hybrid perovskites for photovoltaics

• Oleksandr Stroyuk

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2209–2235, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.207

• have been employed as nanometer-thin-film light harvesters, such as Cu(Ga)InS(Se)2 or CdTe, showing a light conversion efficiency of up to 21% [1][2]. Progress in dye-sensitized solar cells (reaching ≈12% efficiency [1][2]) has stimulated attempts in using metal chalcogenide nanocrystals (NCs) as

• nanocrystals (NCs) [16][24][28][29][30][43][50][53][54][55][56]. Recently, broad recognition was gained by 1D and 2D layered hybrid perovskite materials with strong anisotropy of electron properties. Such materials are currently treated as very promising light harvesters with highly tunable optical and charge

Electrospun one-dimensional nanostructures: a new horizon for gas sensing materials

• Muhammad Imran,
• Nunzio Motta and
• Mahnaz Shafiei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2128–2170, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.202

• 180 °C. The average diameter of pure TiO2 and Pd-doped TiO2 NFs is 450 and 250 nm after calcination at 600 °C. The rough surfaces of pure TiO2 NFs convert into smooth surfaces with Pd doping. Pd-doped TiO2 NFs are densely packed with nanocrystals of diameter 20–30 nm. The Pd-doped TiO2 and pure TiO2

Phosphorus monolayer doping (MLD) of silicon on insulator (SOI) substrates

• Noel Kennedy,
• Ray Duffy,
• Luke Eaton,
• Dan O’Connell,
• Scott Monaghan,
• Shane Garvey,
• James Connolly,
• Chris Hatem,
• Justin D. Holmes and
• Brenda Long

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2106–2113, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.199

• substrates [19]. A previous work by Mastromatteo et al. [20] examining P implantation of silicon nanocrystals embedded into SiO2 attributed a similar P peak to interface effects. It is unclear as to whether the silicon to insulator interface in these SOI substrates will behave in a manner similar to that of

• the silicon nanocrystals. In order to attain a more detailed understanding of this interface peak a more comprehensive study of this back interface would have to be undertaken. Conclusion This study has demonstrated the first application of MLD to SOI substrates. Active carrier concentration levels

Localized photodeposition of catalysts using nanophotonic resonances in silicon photocathodes

• Evgenia Kontoleta,
• Sven H. C. Askes,
• Lai-Hung Lai and
• Erik C. Garnett

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2097–2105, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.198

• ][31]. An exception is the work of Li et al. [27], where charge separation was achieved at different crystal facets of BiVO4 nanocrystals for selective photodeposition of metal and metal oxide catalytic nanoparticles. Nevertheless, this method for the moment is limited to this specific material and

Synthesis of hafnium nanoparticles and hafnium nanoparticle films by gas condensation and energetic deposition

• Irini Michelakaki,
• Nikos Boukos,
• Dimitrios A. Dragatogiannis,
• Spyros Stathopoulos,
• Costas A. Charitidis and
• Dimitris Tsoukalas

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1868–1880, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.179

• to a deviation of the particle shape from the spherical shape [39]. The knowledge regarding the shape of hcp metals is very limited. Studies on hcp Ru nanocrystals revealed that they formed both truncated biprisms and hourglass shapes [51][52]. According to a recent publication of Luo et al., the

• air. The hcp structure of the Hf NPs agrees with previous thermodynamic calculations presenting the phase diagram of Hf NPs as a function of particle size and temperature [37]. The shape of Hf NPs confirms the theoretical model proposed in a recent publication by Luo et al. for hcp nanocrystals [53

Cryochemical synthesis of ultrasmall, highly crystalline, nanostructured metal oxides and salts

• Elena A. Trusova and
• Nikolai S. Trutnev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1755–1763, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.166

• NiO nanocrystals (4.1–4.7 nm) incorporated into the pore space of mesoporous titanium silicate [13]. We developed a method for the preparation of ultradispersed NiO based on the combination of the microemulsion method and cryochemical technology. NiO crystallites were obtained by cryotreatment of the

Controllable one-pot synthesis of uniform colloidal TiO₂ particles in a mixed solvent solution for photocatalysis

• Jong Tae Moon,
• Seung Ki Lee and
• Ji Bong Joo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1715–1727, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.163

• improve dispersion in a reactant solution, one can consider the direct use of TiO2 nanocrystals [23][24]. However, nanocrystals synthesized by a conventional solution-based method are strongly stabilized with organic capping agents, which limit the accessibility of the reactant molecule to the nanocrystal

Sheet-on-belt branched TiO₂(B)/rGO powders with enhanced photocatalytic activity

• Huan Xing,
• Wei Wen and
• Jin-Ming Wu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1550–1557, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.146

• nanocrystals on TiO2(B) single-crystal fibrils by a two-step process [23]. Li et al. prepared a biphase TiO2 core/shell nanofiber with anatase core and TiO2(B) shell [24]. Kandiel et al. used a hydrothermal technique to synthesize TiO2(B) nanofibers simultaneously decorated with anatase nanoparticles [25]. The

Photoluminescence of CdSe/ZnS quantum dots in nematic liquid crystals in electric fields

• Margarita A. Kurochkina,
• Elena A. Konshina and
• Daria Khmelevskaia

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1544–1549, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.145

• nanocrystals. These nanoparticles (NPs) of spherical shape are unique luminophores due to the dimensional dependence of the optical properties. The small dimensions of QDs (of the order of 1–10 nm) make it possible to integrate QDs relatively easily into hybrid structures and composite materials. Quantum dots

Absence of free carriers in silicon nanocrystals grown from phosphorus- and boron-doped silicon-rich oxide and oxynitride

• Daniel Hiller,
• Julian López-Vidrier,
• Keita Nomoto,
• Michael Wahl,
• Wolfgang Bock,
• Tomáš Chlouba,
• František Trojánek,
• Sebastian Gutsch,
• Margit Zacharias,
• Dirk König,
• Petr Malý and
• Michael Kopnarski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1501–1511, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.141

• ), Kaiserslautern, Germany Department of Chemical Physics and Optics, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic Integrated Materials Design Centre (IMDC), University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, Australia 10.3762/bjnano.9.141 Abstract Phosphorus- and boron-doped silicon nanocrystals (Si NCs) embedded in

• of P- or B-atoms has severe implications for future applications of conventional impurity doping of Si in sub-10 nm technology nodes. Keywords: atom probe tomography; doping; photoluminescence; silicon nanocrystals; transient transmission; Introduction The conductivity type and free carrier

• indicate the nearly linear dependences. The grey boxes indicate the concentration overlap regions for P- and B-doped SRO and SRON materials, respectively. (a) Atom probe tomography reconstruction of P-doped Si nanocrystals (red iso-surfaces with ≥70 atom % Si) in N-free SiO2 matrix (P-atoms: green; Si