Polydopamine-coated Au nanorods for targeted fluorescent cell imaging and photothermal therapy

• Boris N. Khlebtsov,
• Andrey M. Burov,
• Timofey E. Pylaev and
• Nikolai G. Khlebtsov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 794–803, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.79

• applications, the stability of nanocomposites under ambient conditions is a key factor. Here, we measured zeta potential and the particle-size distribution for all stages of nanocomposite synthesis. The measurements were made in citric buffer (pH 4.4), in water (pH 6.2), and Tris buffer (pH 8.5) (Figure 1E

An efficient electrode material for high performance solid-state hybrid supercapacitors based on a Cu/CuO/porous carbon nanofiber/TiO₂ hybrid composite

• Mamta Sham Lal,
• Thirugnanam Lavanya and
• Sundara Ramaprabhu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 781–793, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.78

• and (c) Cu/CuO/PCNF/TiO2 composites and (b, d) corresponding magnified images of (a, c). Inset (b, d) particle size distribution of Cu and TiO2, respectively. (a) N2 adsorption–desorption isotherms of the Cu/CuO/PCNF/TiO2 composite at 77 K and the (b) differential pore volume of the Cu/CuO/PCNF/TiO2

Enhancement in thermoelectric properties due to Ag nanoparticles incorporated in Bi₂Te₃ matrix

• Srashti Gupta,
• Dinesh Chandra Agarwal,
• Bathula Sivaiah,
• Sankarakumar Amrithpandian,
• Kandasami Asokan,
• Ajay Dhar,
• Binaya Kumar Panigrahi,
• Devesh Kumar Avasthi and
• Vinay Gupta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 634–643, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.63

• after exposure to air [24]. On the other hand conductivity is higher for samples annealed at 773 K in comparison to 573 K, which may be due to the variation in particle-size distribution. As discussed above, the particle sizes are small in samples annealed at 573 K whereas they are larger in samples

Reduced graphene oxide supported C₃N₄ nanoflakes and quantum dots as metal-free catalysts for visible light assisted CO₂ reduction

• Md Rakibuddin and
• Haekyoung Kim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 448–458, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.44

• dots. Particle size distribution of the synthesized CN nanoflakes and quantum dots. TEM image of CN nanoflake and quantum dot samples under heating at 190 °C for 5 h (a,b), 170 °C for 5 h (c,d), and 150 °C for 5 h (e,f). Field emission scanning electron microscopy images of the a) g-C3N4 nanosheet, b

Mechanism of silica–lysozyme composite formation unravelled by in situ fast SAXS

• Tomasz M. Stawski,
• Daniela B. van den Heuvel,
• Rogier Besselink,
• Dominique J. Tobler and
• Liane G. Benning

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 182–197, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.17

• NP form factor with a Monte Carlo (MC) fit and the derived discrete particle size distribution (inset); C) the scattering data for period II showing the time frames spanning the injection of the LZM solution between 24.25 s and 27.50 s of the experiment, with the first 1.25 s (blue) dominated by the

The nanoscaled metal-organic framework ICR-2 as a carrier of porphyrins for photodynamic therapy

• Jan Hynek,
• Sebastian Jurík,
• Martina Koncošová,
• Jaroslav Zelenka,
• Ivana Křížová,
• Tomáš Ruml,
• Kaplan Kirakci,
• Ivo Jakubec,
• František Kovanda,
• Kamil Lang and
• Jan Demel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2960–2967, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.275

• narrow particle size distribution (Figure 2 and Figure 3). Increasing the temperature to 120 °C resulted in the formation of longer nanoparticles (Figure S2, Supporting Information File 1). Unfortunately, all attempts to control the nanoparticle length failed and therefore we focused on the smaller

• 30 nm is virtually unchanged from the parent nanoparticles. The analysis of TEM data confirmed the preservation of the particle size (29 nm on average), only the particle size distribution was broader (Figure 2). DLS experiments with aqueous dispersions of nanoICR-2/porphyrin revealed the formation

Comparative biological effects of spherical noble metal nanoparticles (Rh, Pd, Ag, Pt, Au) with 4–8 nm diameter

• Alexander Rostek,
• Marina Breisch,
• Kevin Pappert,
• Kateryna Loza,
• Marc Heggen,
• Manfred Köller,
• Christina Sengstock and
• Matthias Epple

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2763–2774, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.258

• synthesis by-products that were not completely replaced by the stabilizing agent PVP [85]. Figure 1 and Figure 2 show the particle size distribution data from DLS and DCS, respectively. The average hydrodynamic diameter of the water-dispersed nanoparticles represents the diameter of the solid metallic core

• chemically inert and do not release toxic ions. Particle size distribution of PVP-stabilized noble metal nanoparticles determined by dynamic light scattering (DLS). All data are given as size by number and are normalized for better comparison. The polydispersity index (PDI) was between 0.1 and 0.3 in all

• nanoparticles (Rh, Pd, Pt, Ag, Au). In each upper right corner, a typical nanoparticle is shown in higher magnification. Particle size distributions of noble metal nanoparticles determined by high-resolution TEM imaging (HRTEM; log-normal particle size distribution fit). The histograms were analysed using a log

Cytotoxicity of doxorubicin-conjugated poly[N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide]-modified γ-Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles towards human tumor cells

• Zdeněk Plichta,
• Yulia Kozak,
• Rostyslav Panchuk,
• Viktoria Sokolova,
• Matthias Epple,
• Lesya Kobylinska,
• Pavla Jendelová and
• Daniel Horák

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2533–2545, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.236

• were used. Number- (Dn) and weight-average particle diameter (Dw) and polydispersity index (PDI = Dw/Dn) characterizing the particle size distribution were determined from analysis of at least 500 particles on micrographs from a FEI Tecnai G2 Spirit transmission electron microscope (TEM; Brno, Czech

• PDI = 1.23 documenting a moderately broad particle size distribution (Figure 4a). The hydrodynamic diameter Dh of γ-Fe2O3 particles in water according to DLS was 90 nm with polydispersity PI = 0.15, which was in agreement with PDI. It is a general observation that Dh > Dn, as DLS observes also solvent

Droplet-based synthesis of homogeneous magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles

• Christian D. Ahrberg,
• Ji Wook Choi and
• Bong Geun Chung

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2413–2420, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.226

• synthesized in the droplet reactor are compared to nanoparticles prepared through conventional batch synthesis in terms of particle size distribution and reproducibility. Furthermore, we demonstrate how the size of the synthesized particles can be adjusted by varying the reaction time in the droplet reactor

• the reaction. Furthermore, the particle size distribution is widening with increasing residence time in the reaction, starting ta a standard deviation of 0.9 nm at a residence time of 2.2 min and increasing to 1.7 nm at a residence time of 18.5 min. Although classical theory for nanoparticle

• nucleation and growth predicts a narrowing of the particle size distribution with increasing reaction time [35][36], the opposite is observed in our experiments. This is probably due to classical models not including effects such as Ostwald ripening and, in our case more significant, the aggregation of

Nanoconjugates of a calixresorcinarene derivative with methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) fragments for drug encapsulation

• Alina M. Ermakova,
• Julia E. Morozova,
• Yana V. Shalaeva,
• Victor V. Syakaev,
• Aidar T. Gubaidullin,
• Alexandra D. Voloshina,
• Vladimir V. Zobov,
• Irek R. Nizameev,
• Olga B. Bazanova,
• Igor S. Antipin and
• Alexander I. Konovalov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2057–2070, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.195

• using dynamic light scattering (DLS) and a the bimodal particle size distribution of 3 was observed in aqueous solution. The detailed DLS data are presented in Table S1, Supporting Information File 1. In Figure 3a the intensity-averaged size distribution is presented. It shows that in the solution are

• at room temperature (Figure 4c, Figure S10, Supporting Information File 1). In the 0.9% NaCl solution a monomodal particle size distribution was observed (Table S1, Supporting Information File 1). TEM images of dried saline solution of 3 confirmed the growing of the macrocycle particle size to about

• carried out by using thin-film hydration. The particle size distribution of 3 significantly changes in the presence of Dox: The averaged size of small particles increases from 8 to 16 nm and large particles disappear, which leads to a decrease of the PDI value (Figure S11a, Table S1, Supporting

Cryochemical synthesis of ultrasmall, highly crystalline, nanostructured metal oxides and salts

• Elena A. Trusova and
• Nikolai S. Trutnev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1755–1763, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.166

• additive. The scale bar represents 150 nm. Histograms of the particle size distribution for NaNO3 powders synthesized with the addition of 3 wt % (а) and 15 (b) wt % NaF. Scheme describing the formation of crystalline metal oxides with water, carbon dioxide, and NOx as byproducts. Men+ – metal ions; NO3

• powder practically does not affect the particle size, which was 100–200 nm. The micrographs clearly show that practically every nitrate crystallite is coated with a coating of 2–3 nm thickness. Using the DAS method, it was shown that a powder containing 15 wt % of NaF had a narrower particle size

• distribution (Figure 11a,b). For the powder containing 3 wt % of NaF, 72% of the particles had a diameter of 15–85 nm. When the powder contained 15 wt % of NaF, then 72% of the particles had a diameter of 25–70 nm. Apparently, the F− ions in the sodium nitrate solution (NaNO3) prevent both the growth of

Photoluminescence of CdSe/ZnS quantum dots in nematic liquid crystals in electric fields

• Margarita A. Kurochkina,
• Elena A. Konshina and
• Daria Khmelevskaia

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1544–1549, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.145

• changes in the particle size distribution in Figure 3d,e are observed. When the LC molecules do not reorient, QDs aggregates do not change their location. The results of the statistical analysis of the particle-size distribution in the active LC matrix are given in Table 1. The average area of QD

Understanding the performance and mechanism of Mg-containing oxides as support catalysts in the thermal dry reforming of methane

• Nor Fazila Khairudin,
• Mohd Farid Fahmi Sukri,
• Mehrnoush Khavarian and
• Abdul Rahman Mohamed

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1162–1183, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.108

• 550 °C to 850 °C as exhibited in Figure 12. This finding indicates a small particle size distribution, good morphology, and high surface area of the catalyst, as well as high diffusion of active metal without agglomeration during the reaction. Moreover, the average particle size was 11.6 nm, which was

A review of carbon-based and non-carbon-based catalyst supports for the selective catalytic reduction of nitric oxide

• Shahreen Binti Izwan Anthonysamy,
• Syahidah Binti Afandi,
• Mehrnoush Khavarian and
• Abdul Rahman Bin Mohamed

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 740–761, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.68

• -thermal (PT) route compared to other methods such as impregnation (IM) and physical mixture (PM). The CeO2/CNT-PT has smaller and narrower ceria particle size distribution (2 to 14 nm) than CeO2/CNT-IM (6 to 20 nm) based on the TEM and HRTEM analysis. In addition, NH3-TPD analysis was carried out in order

Cyclodextrin-assisted synthesis of tailored mesoporous silica nanoparticles

• Fuat Topuz and
• Tamer Uyar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 693–703, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.64

• (iv, vi, vii) and colored STEM (v) images and the particle size-distribution plots (iii) of MSNs produced at two different concentrations of β-CD (MSN-1 (b) and MSN-2 (c)). (a) Reference sample (MSN-20) synthesized in the absence of CD molecules at identical concentrations of TEOS (1% (v/v)) and CTAC

• /v) and r(CD/CTAC) = 2.5. Insets show the size-distribution plots of the respective particles. TEM (i, iii, iv) and colored STEM (ii) images, and as well as the particle size-distribution plots (v) of MSN particles (MSN-6-9) produced at various concentrations of HP-γ-CD (a–d). cCD = 0.10–0.60% (w/v

• ), cCTAC = 0.20% (w/v) and r(CD/CTAC) = 0.50 (a), 0.85 (b), 2 (c) and 3 (d). denotes the mean pore size calculated from the TEM images. TEM (i, ii), colored STEM (iii, iv) images, and the particle size-distribution plots (v) of MSNs (MSN-10-12) produced at various HP-γ-CD concentrations. cCTAC = 0.40

Optimisation of purification techniques for the preparation of large-volume aqueous solar nanoparticle inks for organic photovoltaics

• Furqan Almyahi,
• Thomas R. Andersen,
• Nathan A. Cooling,
• Natalie P. Holmes,
• Matthew J. Griffith,
• Krishna Feron,
• Xiaojing Zhou,
• Warwick J. Belcher and
• Paul C. Dastoor

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 649–659, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.60

• morphology of nanoparticles [22] (herein evaluated by solar cell performance). Particle size distribution The size of the nanoparticles has an impact on the overall number of layers of particles in an OPV device active layer (as 100 nm thick active layer has been found to be optimal), i.e., smaller particles

Engineering of oriented carbon nanotubes in composite materials

• Razieh Beigmoradi,
• Abdolreza Samimi and
• Davod Mohebbi-Kalhori

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 415–435, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.41

• with different alignments and their XRD results. It indicates the intensity of the (002) peak is enhanced if the CNTs in the sample are less aligned [130]. Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) is a method for evaluating the particle size distribution or nanohole size distribution in the sample. This

Photocatalytic and adsorption properties of TiO₂-pillared montmorillonite obtained by hydrothermally activated intercalation of titanium polyhydroxo complexes

• Mikhail F. Butman,
• Nikolay L. Ovchinnikov,
• Nikita S. Karasev,
• Nataliya E. Kochkina,
• Alexander V. Agafonov and
• Alexandr V. Vinogradov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 364–378, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.36

• dilution of the solution. Figure 15 shows the results of particle size analysis for the intercalation solution using the laser beam dynamic scattering method (analyzer Zetasizer Nano ZS «Malvern Instruments Ltd», He–Ne laser with a wavelength of 633 nm and a recording angle of 173°). The particle size

• distribution curve features a peak at 1.5 nm, which corresponds to polymeric forms of the (TiO)8(OH)124+ polycations, as mentioned previously [8][26]. Intercalated and TiO2-pillared montmorillonite The intercalation of montmorillonite with titanium polyhydroxo complexes was performed by ion exchange in a 1

Sugarcane juice derived carbon dot–graphitic carbon nitride composites for bisphenol A degradation under sunlight irradiation

• Lan Ching Sim,
• Jing Lin Wong,
• Chen Hong Hak,
• Jun Yan Tai,
• Kah Hon Leong and
• Pichiah Saravanan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 353–363, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.35

• ) HRTEM image of CD/g-C3N4(0.5). The insets of (b) and (e) show the energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) results and particle size distribution of CDs, respectively. (a) XRD patterns and (b) FTIR spectra of g-C3N4, CD/g-C3N4(0.1), CD/g-C3N4(0.2), and CD/g-C3N4(0.5). (a) The absorption spectrum of

Gas-assisted silver deposition with a focused electron beam

• Luisa Berger,
• Katarzyna Madajska,
• Iwona B. Szymanska,
• Katja Höflich,
• Mikhail N. Polyakov,
• Jakub Jurczyk,
• Carlos Guerra-Nuñez and
• Ivo Utke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 224–232, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.24

• over the entire substrate. (b) Selected area electron diffraction results in a pattern corresponding to the fcc silver diffraction pattern (green). (c) EDX line scan over two particles (cf. red line in inset). A high content of silver was detected. (d) Particle size distribution of the silver

Co-reductive fabrication of carbon nanodots with high quantum yield for bioimaging of bacteria

• Jiajun Wang,
• Xia Liu,
• Gesmi Milcovich,
• Tzu-Yu Chen,
• Edel Durack,
• Sarah Mallen,
• Yongming Ruan,
• Xuexiang Weng and
• Sarah P. Hudson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 137–145, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.16

• consistent with the (102), (100) and (002) diffraction planes, respectively, of sp2 graphitic carbon [28][29]. The corresponding particle size distribution histograms (Figure 1D–F) show the average diameter of the Sa, Sb and Se materials is 4.7 ± 1.0 nm, 2.2 ± 0.5 nm and 7.8 ± 1.8 nm, respectively. X-ray

Thermo- and electro-optical properties of photonic liquid crystal fibers doped with gold nanoparticles

• Agata Siarkowska,
• Miłosz Chychłowski,
• Daniel Budaszewski,
• Bartłomiej Jankiewicz,
• Bartosz Bartosewicz and
• Tomasz R. Woliński

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2790–2801, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.278

• nanoparticles (NPs): particle size distribution of Au NPs obtained by using a disc centrifuge sedimentation method (a) and UV–vis spectrum of Au NPs in an organic solvent (b). Cross-section of the PCF 061221 (a) and experimental setup for measuring the propagation spectra in PLCF (b). Experimental setup for

Hyperthermic intracavitary nanoaerosol therapy (HINAT) as an improved approach for pressurised intraperitoneal aerosol chemotherapy (PIPAC): Technical description, experimental validation and first proof of concept

• Daniel Göhler,
• Stephan Große,
• Alexander Bellendorf,
• Thomas Albert Falkenstein,
• Mehdi Ouaissi,
• Jürgen Zieren,
• Michael Stintz and
• Urs Giger-Pabst

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2729–2740, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.272

• ., Shoreview, USA), was operated for the determination of the number-weighted particle size distribution and particle number concentration from 14–723 nm. A time-of-flight spectrometer (APS, model 3321, TSI Inc., Shoreview, USA) was employed for the characterisation of the number-weighted droplet size

Involvement of two uptake mechanisms of gold and iron oxide nanoparticles in a co-exposure scenario using mouse macrophages

• Dimitri Vanhecke,
• Dagmar A. Kuhn,
• Dorleta Jimenez de Aberasturi,
• Sandor Balog,
• Ana Milosevic,
• Dominic Urban,
• Diana Peckys,
• Niels de Jonge,
• Wolfgang J. Parak,
• Alke Petri-Fink and
• Barbara Rothen-Rutishauser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2396–2409, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.239

• the particles: The brackets indicate the average value: where ri,c and Ri are, respectively, the radius of the core and hydrodynamic radius of the i-th particle. Finally, the overall number of particles is where is the third raw moment of the particle size distribution P(rc). We describe both rc and R

In situ controlled rapid growth of novel high activity TiB₂/(TiB₂–TiN) hierarchical/heterostructured nanocomposites

• Jilin Wang,
• Hejie Liao,
• Yuchun Ji,
• Fei Long,
• Yunle Gu,
• Zhengguang Zou,
• Weimin Wang and
• Zhengyi Fu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2116–2125, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.211

• particle [32][33][34]; (2) the infiltration and erosion of N*, Ti* and H2 vapors [28][29][30] in the RC-SHS process could lead to the rough metastable surface with abundant active atoms and/or defects; or (3) the novel hierarchical/heterostructured nanocomposites with a uniform particle size distribution