Comparative study of antibacterial properties of polystyrene films with TiO_x and Cu nanoparticles fabricated using cluster beam technique

• Vladimir N. Popok,
• Cesarino M. Jeppesen,
• Peter Fojan,
• Anna Kuzminova,
• Jan Hanuš and
• Ondřej Kylián

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 861–869, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.80

• exposed to an RF capacitively coupled oxygen plasma (Figure 7b). Oxygen plasma treatment is performed at a pressure of 4 Pa, an applied RF power of 40 W and at a distance between RF electrode and a sample of 4 cm. For “type 3”, the clusters are in-flight plasma-treated prior to the deposition on a

The effect of atmospheric doping on pressure-dependent Raman scattering in supported graphene

• Egor A. Kolesov,
• Mikhail S. Tivanov,
• Olga V. Korolik,
• Olesya O. Kapitanova,
• Xiao Fu,
• Hak Dong Cho,
• Tae Won Kang and
• Gennady N Panin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 704–710, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.65

• /isopropyl alcohol mixture was used to wash graphene from etching products [31]. PMMA was removed by submerging the sample in glacial acetic acid (extra pure) [32] for 4 h. Graphene, doped with nitrogen, was prepared using a nitrogen-plasma treatment described elsewhere [33]. The Raman spectra were obtained

Wafer-scale bioactive substrate patterning by chemical lift-off lithography

• Chong-You Chen,
• Chang-Ming Wang,
• Hsiang-Hua Li,
• Hong-Hseng Chan and
• Wei-Ssu Liao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 311–320, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.31

• deionized water between single steps. Multiplexed biological probe-anchored platform. After 40 s of oxygen plasma treatment, a flat PDMS stamp was conformally sealed onto a MCU SAM modified Au substrate for 60 min. After the stamp removal, the Au substrate was conformally sealed to another plasma-treated

The role of ligands in coinage-metal nanoparticles for electronics

• Ioannis Kanelidis and
• Tobias Kraus

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2625–2639, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.263

• . Sintering has been achieved by thermal decomposition of the ligands [35][36], light [37][38], plasma treatment [39], microwaves [40], electrical voltage applied to the film [41], chemical agents [42], or ageing [43]. Thermal decomposition, the conventional method for welding metal nanoparticles together

• , materials that combine conductivity at lower percolation thresholds and mechanical flexibility, improved conductivity was achieved by means of conventional thermal annealing [129] or plasma treatment [130]. Gold nanowires (AuNW) with core diameters below 2 nm were arranged into a mesh on PET substrates

Direct writing of gold nanostructures with an electron beam: On the way to pure nanostructures by combining optimized deposition with oxygen-plasma treatment

• Domagoj Belić,
• Mostafa M. Shawrav,
• Emmerich Bertagnolli and
• Heinz D. Wanzenboeck

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2530–2543, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.253

• atom %, depending on the sustained electron beam dose. As a second step, oxygen-plasma treatment is established to further enhance the Au content in the structures, while preserving their morphology to a high degree. This two-step process represents a simple, feasible and high-throughput method for

• issue. For that reason, this study focuses on the optimization of deposition mechanism using a commercially available metal-organic gold precursor and explores oxygen-plasma treatment as a potentially viable large-scale postdeposition purification method for 2D and 3D nanostructures. Over the last few

• this method is limited to smaller structures and areas that can be efficiently processed by a scanning electron beam. As a possible solution to this issue, oxygen-plasma treatment, has been explored, yielding promising results [65][66]. Nevertheless, the ultimate goal is direct deposition of high

Strategy to discover full-length amyloid-beta peptide ligands using high-efficiency microarray technology

• Clelia Galati,
• Natalia Spinella,
• Lucio Renna,
• Danilo Milardi,
• Francesco Attanasio,
• Michele Francesco Maria Sciacca and
• Corrado Bongiorno

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2446–2453, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.243

• residues of the peptide. The propensity of the epoxysilane HESs to immobilize peptides was investigated by measuring the fluorescence of 1 μM Cy3-Aβ40 spot arrays previously assayed until the blocking step. For comparison, reference HESs properly prepared with an O2-plasma treatment have been tested. In

• preserved upon silanization. No fluorescence spots have been observed on the reference slide. In this case, the blocking-washing step was effective to fully remove the full-length amyloid spots. After the O2-plasma treatment, the surface of the un-epoxysilane slides may likely be rich in Si–OH groups that

• slides were properly prepared. Oxygen-plasma treatment was utilized to remove surface contaminations. This cleaning processing is useful to obtain slides with low fluorescence background, becoming a mandatory path when no wet cleaning protocol can be applied, such as in innovative integrated technologies

Identifying the nature of surface chemical modification for directed self-assembly of block copolymers

• Laura Evangelio,
• Federico Gramazio,
• Matteo Lorenzoni,
• Michaela Gorgoi,
• Francisco Miguel Espinosa,
• Ricardo García,
• Francesc Pérez-Murano and
• Jordi Fraxedas

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1972–1981, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.198

• of the polymer brush layer were analysed, we investigated the effect of the functionalization upon exposure to oxygen plasma. Figure 3c shows the C 1s HAXPES spectrum taken with 2020 eV photons of the sample cooled in nitrogen after the oxygen plasma treatment. The comparison with Figure 3a evidences

Enhancement of mechanical and electrical properties of continuous-fiber-reinforced epoxy composites with stacked graphene

• Naum Naveh,
• Olga Shepelev and
• Samuel Kenig

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1909–1918, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.191

• carbon epoxy composites have been studied, where the CNTs are either dispersed in the matrix and/or grafted on the carbon fibers [1][2]. However, the cost of CNTs limits intensive industrial applications. Other treatments have been attempted, among these, oxidation of the carbon fibers, plasma treatment

Fluorination of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes: from CF₄ plasma chemistry to surface functionalization

• Claudia Struzzi,
• Mattia Scardamaglia,
• Jean-François Colomer,
• Alberto Verdini,
• Luca Floreano,
• Rony Snyders and
• Carla Bittencourt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1723–1733, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.173

• ][26][27]. However, a combined study including the effect of the plasma treatment at the carbon nanotubes surface and the fundamental processes involving the production of CFx radicals and ions is lacking. Additionally, molecules as water or residual oxygen in the background pressure of the

• smaller and lighter radicals and ions are produced. These ions cause less damage compared to the larger ones produced in low power plasmas. Comparing the effect of the treatment duration, an increased production of defective sites is observed for short plasma treatment: under this condition a lower

• functionalization yield is obtained and the non-saturated defective sites are quenched by oxygen after air exposure. On the contrary, defects are saturated by fluorine atoms during longer plasma treatment, in agreement with the corresponding increase in the F content detected at the surface. The evolution of the

Effect of the fluorination technique on the surface-fluorination patterning of double-walled carbon nanotubes

• Lyubov G. Bulusheva,
• Yuliya V. Fedoseeva,
• Emmanuel Flahaut,
• Jérémy Rio,
• Christopher P. Ewels,
• Victor O. Koroteev,
• Gregory Van Lier,
• Denis V. Vyalikh and
• Alexander V. Okotrub

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1688–1698, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.169

• size decreases to about 10 nm and, moreover, in the latter sample many nanotubes are individual or combined into thin ropes (Figure 2d). CF4 plasma treatment does not result in nanotube separation (Figure 2b). Repulsion of fluorine atoms attached to the walls of neighboring nanotubes induces a

• [16]. The CF4 plasma treatment resulted in the lowest fluorination degree. The XPS C 1s spectra of the fluorinated samples show different energy positions for the CF component as well as for the C–CF component (Table 1). These components gradually move away from the sp2-hybridized carbon component

Parylene C as a versatile dielectric material for organic field-effect transistors

• Tomasz Marszalek,
• Maciej Gazicki-Lipman and
• Jacek Ulanski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1532–1545, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.155

• ]. It appears that adhesion forces of Parylene C not only depend on the type of substrate, but they can also be easily modified by surface processing, such as oxygen plasma treatment or thermal annealing [64]. Which procedure is to be applied strongly depends on the material used and on the further

A top-down approach for fabricating three-dimensional closed hollow nanostructures with permeable thin metal walls

• Carlos Angulo Barrios and
• Víctor Canalejas-Tejero

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1231–1237, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.124

• template by means of an oxygen-plasma treatment (ashing). The latter is enabled by the permeability and thinness of the metal film deposited on the nanopatterned resist sidewalls, which allows oxygen species to react with the organic polymer template. The technique is demonstrated through the fabrication

• nanopillar slope favors metal deposition on the sidewalls, as evidenced by the granular appearance of these surfaces. Finally, an oxygen-plasma treatment is applied to the structure leading to the result shown in Figure 1c. The pillars look transparent to the electron beam, revealing the thinness of the Al

• measured spectral reflectance of a 600 nm period, square lattice of SU-8 nanopillars fabricated on an Al-coated Si substrate (blue curve), the same structure after the deposition of a 40 nm thick Al film (red curve), and the latter structure after an oxygen-plasma treatment (black curve). As analyzed in a

Hierarchically structured nanoporous carbon tubes for high pressure carbon dioxide adsorption

• Julia Patzsch,
• Deepu J. Babu and
• Jörg J. Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1135–1144, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.115

• needle (0.8 × 20 mm). The voltage applied to the needle tip was kept at 30 kV and the distance between the copper counter electrode and the tip was 16 cm. The spun fibres were dried at room temperature overnight. A plasma treatment process was used for functionalizing the PS fibre surface. The plasma

• expressed in g/mol. Results and Discussion In Figure 1 the overall synthesis strategy for the preparation of carbon tubes (4) and SiC tubes (5) is shown schematically. PS fibres (1) prepared by the electrospinning technique were subjected to a plasma treatment for effective tethering of the silica

Ultrasmall magnetic field-effect and sign reversal in transistors based on donor/acceptor systems

• Thomas Reichert and
• Tobat P. I. Saragi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1104–1114, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.112

• laboratory. Prior to the deposition of Spiro-TTB and HAT-CN, the predefined substrates were cleaned with acetone, 2-propanol and deionized water, followed by oxygen-plasma treatment and exposure to hexamethyldisilazane to replace the natural hydroxyl end group of SiO2 with an apolar methoxy group. Finally

Treatment of fly ash from power plants using thermal plasma

• Sulaiman Al-Mayman,
• Ibrahim AlShunaifi,
• Abdullah Albeladi,
• Imed Ghiloufi and
• Saud Binjuwair

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1043–1048, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.105

Study of the surface properties of ZnO nanocolumns used for thin-film solar cells

• Neda Neykova,
• Jiri Stuchlik,
• Karel Hruska,
• Ales Poruba,
• Zdenek Remes and
• Ognen Pop-Georgievski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 446–451, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.48

• investigate the optical and photoelectrical characteristics of the ZnO NCs, and the changes induced to the absorptance by the plasma treatments. A strong impact of hydrogen plasma treatment on the free-carrier and defect absorption of ZnO NCs has been directly detected in the PDS spectra. Although oxygen

• plasma treatment was proven to be more efficient in the surface activation of the ZnO NC, the PDS analysis showed that the plasma treatment left the optical and photoelectrical features of the ZnO NCs intact. Thus, it was proven that the selected oxygen plasma treatment can be of great benefit for the

• development of thin film solar cells based on ZnO NCs. Keywords: 3-dimensional solar cells; hydrothermal growth; optical spectroscopy; photothermal deflection spectroscopy; plasma treatment; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; ZnO nanocolumns; Introduction The widely accepted design of thin-film silicon (TF

Impact of contact resistance on the electrical properties of MoS₂ transistors at practical operating temperatures

• Filippo Giannazzo,
• Gabriele Fisichella,
• Aurora Piazza,
• Salvatore Di Franco,
• Giuseppe Greco,
• Simonpietro Agnello and
• Fabrizio Roccaforte

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 254–263, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.28

• to transfer the exfoliated MoS2 flakes onto the SiO2 surface that was previously cleaned using solvents and a soft O2 plasma treatment. Finally, source and drain contacts were obtained by deposition and lift-off of a Ni(50 nm)/Au(100 nm) bilayer. The temperature-dependent electrical characterization

Flexible photonic crystal membranes with nanoparticle high refractive index layers

• Torben Karrock,
• Moritz Paulsen and
• Martina Gerken

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 203–209, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.22

• a later water-based fabrication step. The water contact angle of untreated PDMS is 105–115° [19]. To alter the hydrophobic surface of PDMS an O2 plasma treatment is commonly used to temporarily create a hydrophilic surface [17][19]. To prevent damage to the nanostructure we instead add poly

When the going gets rough – studying the effect of surface roughness on the adhesive abilities of tree frogs

• Niall Crawford,
• Thomas Endlein,
• Jonathan T. Pham,
• Mathis Riehle and
• W. Jon P. Barnes

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 2116–2131, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.201

• adhesion if the fluid is water based, which is still being investigated (as mentioned in the discussion). Plasma treatment involves placing the PDMS sample into a plasma cleaner (Harrick Plasma Inc., NY, USA). Tests were carried out within an hour of plasma treatment. Tilting platform apparatus To test the

Nano- and microstructured materials for in vitro studies of the physiology of vascular cells

• Alexandra M. Greiner,
• Adria Sales,
• Hao Chen,
• Sarah A. Biela,
• Dieter Kaufmann and
• Ralf Kemkemer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1620–1641, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.155

• thermoplastic polymers. Another method for generating surface topographies is surface cracking. It provokes controlled cracks on a surface of a material and surface microstructures but also nanotopographies can be obtained by this method [51][52]. After surface modification (e.g., plasma treatment) of an

• [139]. The latter is typically achieved by oxidizing the surface. Surface oxidation can be performed by means of oxygen plasma treatment, ultra violet (UV) light (for polymers) or chemical treatment [140][141][142][143][144]. Physisorption of molecules is typically an easy method for coating a surface

Graphene-enhanced plasmonic nanohole arrays for environmental sensing in aqueous samples

• Christa Genslein,
• Peter Hausler,
• Eva-Maria Kirchner,
• Rudolf Bierl,
• Antje J. Baeumner and
• Thomas Hirsch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1564–1573, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.150

• of NSL with electrochemical deposition, ion-polishing, plasma treatment and glancing-angle deposition produces ordered nanohole arrays. Therefore, NSL is a promising tool to produce nanostructured substrates. Here, nanohole arrays were prepared by a modified nanosphere lithography (Figure 1). The

• , Supporting Information File 1). The hexagonal arrangement of the closed-packed monolayer is still visible after oxygen plasma treatment. By varying the etching time, a linear relationship to the particle diameter was determined (Figure S2, Supporting Information File 1). Hence, desirable hole diameters and

Surface roughness rather than surface chemistry essentially affects insect adhesion

• Matt W. England,
• Tomoya Sato,
• Makoto Yagihashi,
• Atsushi Hozumi,
• Stanislav N. Gorb and
• Elena V. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1471–1479, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.139

• were used in traction force experiments during maximum of 60 min after the plasma treatment. Statistical analyses of the force values were carried out with SigmaStat 3.5 (Systat Software Inc., Point Richmond, CA, USA). For one-way ANOVA (Kruskal–Wallis one-way ANOVA on ranks), data obtained with males

• plasma treatment device. This work was partially supported by CARTRIB Project of The Leverhulme Trust (S. N. Gorb and E. V. Gorb) and JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number JP24120005 (A. Hozumi) in Scientific Research on Innovative Areas“Innovative Materials Engineering Based on Biological Diversity”.

Dealloying of gold–copper alloy nanowires: From hillocks to ring-shaped nanopores

• Adrien Chauvin,
• Cyril Delacôte,
• Mohammed Boujtita,
• Benoit Angleraud,
• Junjun Ding,
• Chang-Hwan Choi,
• Pierre-Yves Tessier and
• Abdel-Aziz El Mel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1361–1367, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.127

• (Figure 1a); the process is described in details elsewhere [21]. Then, the silicon is etched through the photoresist mask using SF6/O2 plasma to create nanograted silicon structures (Figure 1a(2)). After this step, an oxygen plasma treatment is applied to partially etch the photoresist lines and transform

Reasons and remedies for the agglomeration of multilayered graphene and carbon nanotubes in polymers

• Rasheed Atif and
• Fawad Inam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1174–1196, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.109

• nanocomposites [2]. Oxidation of SWNTs: The oxidation of CNTs surface is possible by, for instance, heat treatment in oxygen and air, plasma treatment, chemical treatment and ozone treatment. Oxidation can also be carried out in lithium aluminum hydride solution [41]. Table 3 shows different oxidation methods

Plasma fluorination of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes: functionalization and thermal stability

• Claudia Struzzi,
• Mattia Scardamaglia,
• Axel Hemberg,
• Luca Petaccia,
• Jean-François Colomer,
• Rony Snyders and
• Carla Bittencourt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2263–2271, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.232

• performed using plasma treatment in a magnetron sputtering chamber with fluorine diluted in an argon atmosphere with an Ar/F2 ratio of 95:5. The effect of heavily diluted fluorine in the precursor gas mixture is investigated by evaluating the modifications in the nanotube structure and the electronic

• properties upon plasma treatment. The existence of oxygen-based grafted species is associated with background oxygen species present in the plasma chamber in addition to fluorine. The thermal stability and desorption process of the fluorine species grafted on the carbon nanotubes during the fluorine plasma

• of fluorine and noble gases mixtures, an important role for achieving optimal fluorination is played by the relative concentration of fluorine in the mixture during the plasma activation. The previous studies on vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (vCNTs) fluorinated by Ar/F2 plasma treatment allowed