Polyvinylpyrrolidone as additive for perovskite solar cells with water and isopropanol as solvents

• Chen Du,
• Shuo Wang,
• Xu Miao,
• Wenhai Sun,
• Yu Zhu,
• Chengyan Wang and
• Ruixin Ma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2374–2382, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.228

• lead nitrate, to which polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) was added in order to enhance the photoelectric performance of the PSCs. By a combination of SEM, EIS, PL and UV spectroscopy and other characterization approaches, we show that the PVP additive is effective in inhibiting carrier recombination

• cells; polyvinylpyrrolidone; Introduction Due to the restrictions imposed by resources and the environment on the use of fossil fuels, in recent years, clean renewable energy technologies have received increasing attention, which has also driven the growth of the photovoltaic industry [1][2][3][4]. The

• organic polymers. As a non-ionic polymer compound, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) shows excellent solubility and physiological compatibility and is extensively applied in medicine, food, and cosmetics, which are closely related to the health of people [29]. PVP is commonly integrated in PSCs, which is

A novel all-fiber-based LiFePO₄/Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ battery with self-standing nanofiber membrane electrodes

• Li-li Chen,
• Hua Yang,
• Mao-xiang Jing,
• Chong Han,
• Fei Chen,
• Xin-yu Hu,
• Wei-yong Yuan,
• Shan-shan Yao and
• Xiang-qian Shen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2229–2237, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.215

• : 0.007 mol of Fe(NO3)3·9H2O and C2H3O2Li·2H2O, H3PO4 were dissolved in 29 g of N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) to obtain solution A; 4 g of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and 2 g of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) were dissolved in 29 g of DMF to obtain solution B. A precursor spinning solution for the LiFePO4 nanofiber

• titanate (C16H36O4Ti), 0.9593 g C2H3O2Li·2H2O, and 0.25 mL HNO3 were dissolved in 29 g of N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) to obtain solution A; 4 g of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and 2 g of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) were dissolved in 29 g of DMF to obtain solution B. A precursor spinning solution for the

Optimization and performance of nitrogen-doped carbon dots as a color conversion layer for white-LED applications

• Tugrul Guner,
• Hurriyet Yuce,
• Didem Tascioglu,
• Eren Simsek,
• Umut Savaci,
• Aziz Genc,
• Servet Turan and
• Mustafa M. Demir

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2004–2013, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.197

• nitrogen-doped CDots (N-CDots). The doping with nitrogen enables us to tune the resulting emission color of the CDots from blue to green. In order to obtain color conversion layers with these N-CDots, a mixture of water-based polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and N-CDots were prepared and subsequently processed

Toxicity and safety study of silver and gold nanoparticles functionalized with cysteine and glutathione

• Barbara Pem,
• Igor M. Pongrac,
• Lea Ulm,
• Ivan Pavičić,
• Valerije Vrček,
• Darija Domazet Jurašin,
• Marija Ljubojević,
• Adela Krivohlavek and
• Ivana Vinković Vrček

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1802–1817, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.175

• with data published on polymer-coated AgNPs and AuNPs (see Table S3 in Supporting Information File 1), the toxicity of GSH-AgNPs is similar to the toxicity effect of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) stabilized AgNPs on the same cell type as reported earlier [71][72]. The PVP-coated NPs were selected for

High-temperature resistive gas sensors based on ZnO/SiC nanocomposites

• Vadim B. Platonov,
• Marina N. Rumyantseva,
• Alexander S. Frolov,
• Alexey D. Yapryntsev and
• Alexander M. Gaskov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1537–1547, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.151

• Polycarbosilane (PCS) was used as a precursor. In a typical procedure, 1 g of PCS was dissolved in 10 mL of chloroform. After the PCS completely dissolved, 1 g of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP, M = 1 300 000) was added. The mixture was actively stirred for 5 h at 40 °C. The polymer solution was loaded in a plastic

Photoactive nanoarchitectures based on clays incorporating TiO₂ and ZnO nanoparticles

• Eduardo Ruiz-Hitzky,
• Pilar Aranda,
• Marwa Akkari,
• Nithima Khaorapapong and
• Makoto Ogawa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1140–1156, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.114

• approaches to control the intrinsic characteristics of the NPs with the aim of modulating and improving their photoactivity are discussed below. Li and co-workers [143] have prepared ZnO@kaolinite doped with Pd(II) following a soft chemistry procedure that involves the use of PdCl2 and polyvinylpyrrolidone

Effect of electrospinning process variables on the size of polymer fibers and bead-on-string structures established with a 2³ factorial design

• Paulina Korycka,
• Adam Mirek,
• Katarzyna Kramek-Romanowska,
• Marcin Grzeczkowicz and
• Dorota Lewińska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2466–2478, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.231

• structure. According to this study, the higher the concentration of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) ethanolic solution (higher solution viscosity) used, the thicker the fibers. In addition, both the type of solvent (its physicochemical properties) and the water content in the solvent turned out to be influential

• to assess the influence of these factors on the fiber diameter and bead size. Experimental Materials Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP, 1300 kDa), purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, was chosen because it can be prepared with harmless and easily accessible solvents such as ethanol. The solutions of PVP dissolved

• ) and (B) maximum electrical voltage (U = 1). Dynamic viscosity of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) solutions. Process variables selected for the factorial analysis for fiber diameter. Process variables selected for the factorial analysis of bead size and fiber diameter in the fibrous mats with bead-on-string

Facile phase transfer of gold nanorods and nanospheres stabilized with block copolymers

• Yaroslav I. Derikov,
• Georgiy A. Shandryuk,
• Raisa V. Talroze,
• Alexander A. Ezhov and
• Yaroslav V. Kudryavtsev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 616–627, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.58

• toluene. Thermostability is known to be one of the critical issues for gold-containing nanocomposites. As reported in [53], polyvinylpyrrolidone-stabilized Au nanorods of 73 ± 4 nm length and 3.3 ± 0.3 aspect ratio are gradually transformed into spheres in the temperature range of 100–250 °C. At 150 °C

• , the longitudinal plasmon peak is blue-shifted by 80 nm in 3 h. As seen from Figure 6, in our system, this peak is moved by 85 nm under the same conditions, so that the PS-b-P2VP block copolymer provides similar thermostability to Au nanorods as the polyvinylpyrrolidone homopolymer. Stabilization of Au

• thermostability of the nanoparticles is better than in the case of decanethiol stabilization and comparable to what can be achieved with polyvinylpyrrolidone. We hope that our approach can be a natural route to hybrid composite films. In the microphase-separated state, the copolymer used in this study forms P2VP

Facile synthesis of silver/silver thiocyanate (Ag@AgSCN) plasmonic nanostructures with enhanced photocatalytic performance

• Xinfu Zhao,
• Dairong Chen,
• Abdul Qayum,
• Bo Chen and
• Xiuling Jiao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2781–2789, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.277

• Information File 1) shows the SEM image of the sample obtained without polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). The product was composed of nanoparticles with of tens of nanometers in diameter with a large size distribution. This result revealed that the formation of the nanoplate units which composed the Ag@AgSCN

• /silver thiocyanate nanostructures (Ag@AgSCN). Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP, K30, Beijing Reagent Co.) and hydrazine hydrate (N2H4·H2O, 85 wt %, Shanghai Chemical Co.) were used as stabilizer and reducing agent, respectively. For the photocatalytic test, oxytetracycline was purchased from Sinopharm Chemical

The role of ligands in coinage-metal nanoparticles for electronics

• Ioannis Kanelidis and
• Tobias Kraus

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2625–2639, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.263

• includes elastic repulsion and osmotic pressure as stabilizing mechanisms [92][93]. Polymers as capping agents typically form a thicker shell. Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) in ethylene glycol [88] and polymethacrylic acid with thioether functionality in aqueous media [94] were introduced during synthesis in

• ] (section 2.2) to create stable, ethanol-based Ag nanoparticle inks; they deposited layers that could be cured at 100 °C. Exchanging hexadecylamine on the surface of copper nanowires (CuNWs) by polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) resulted in well-dispersed CuNW inks. The PVP chains stabilized the nanowires mainly

Near-infrared-responsive, superparamagnetic Au@Co nanochains

• Varadee Vittur,
• Arati G. Kolhatkar,
• Shreya Shah,
• Irene Rusakova,
• Dmitri Litvinov and
• T. Randall Lee

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1680–1687, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.168

• polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), Au@Co nanochains with a hollow interior are formed. Using this new methodology, we were able to shift the optical extinction of the generated nanoparticles to the near-infrared (NIR) region (about 900 nm), which is significantly higher than the maximum of 700 nm observed previously for

• unique new choice for biomedical applications in which such dual functional properties can be utilized. Experimental Materials Cobalt chloride (Baker), polyvinylpyrrolidone (MW ≈ 50000, Aldrich), sodium borohydride (Aldrich), potassium carbonate (Aldrich), hydrogen tetrachloroaurate(III) hydrate (Strem

Miniemulsion copolymerization of (meth)acrylates in the presence of functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes for reinforced coating applications

• Bertha T. Pérez-Martínez,
• Lorena Farías-Cepeda,
• Víctor M. Ovando-Medina,
• José M. Asua,
• Lucero Rosales-Marines and
• Radmila Tomovska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1328–1337, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.134

• with modified multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were synthesized by in situ miniemulsion polymerization. The MWCNTs were pretreated by an air sonication process and stabilized by polyvinylpyrrolidone. The presence of the MWCNTs had no significant effect on the polymerization kinetics, but strongly

• performed either in water or in air, and afterwards stabilization by polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) in dispersion. Air-sonicated MWCNTs allowed for a smooth polymerization reaction, resulting in 20 wt % solids content (s.c.), stable and film-forming latexes with up to 1 wt % MWCNTs incorporated. Important

• purchased from IoLiTec Nanomaterials Co. (98.5%, Germany). Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) with molar mass of 10,000 g·mol−1 was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (99%). Potassium persulfate (KPS) was used as an initiator and purchased from Fluka. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) from Sigma-Aldrich (99%) and stearyl

Surface-enhanced infrared absorption studies towards a new optical biosensor

• Lothar Leidner,
• Julia Stäb,
• Jennifer T. Adam and
• Günter Gauglitz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1736–1742, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.166

• used in the experiments were polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) stabilized spherical silver nanoparticles (AgNP) with a diameter of 51 nm in aqueous suspension, AgNP content 0.01% (w/w) and PVP content 0.2% (w/w). The nanoparticle suspension was used as delivered. Amplification of water OH-stretching band

Ammonia gas sensors based on In₂O₃/PANI hetero-nanofibers operating at room temperature

• Qingxin Nie,
• Zengyuan Pang,
• Hangyi Lu,
• Yibing Cai and
• Qufu Wei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1312–1321, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.122

• were synthesized with different ratios between In2O3 and aniline during the in situ polymerization. All sensors were tested at room temperature in a concentration range of NH3 from 100 to 1000 ppm. Experimental Materials Polyvinylpyrrolidone-K90 (PVP-K90, Mw = 1.3 × 106 g/mol) was purchased from Bo Di

Tunable longitudinal modes in extended silver nanoparticle assemblies

• Serene S. Bayram,
• Klas Lindfors and
• Amy Szuchmacher Blum

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1219–1228, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.113

• pentagonal silver crystals into silver wires when capped with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) in the polyol synthesis. Their calculations showed that at high concentrations of PVP, the energy difference between the (100) and (111) facets is sufficiently reduced, eliciting a strain restriction, which in turn

Synthesis of cobalt nanowires in aqueous solution under an external magnetic field

• Xiaoyu Li,
• Lijuan Sun,
• Hu Wang,
• Kenan Xie,
• Qin Long,
• Xuefei Lai and
• Li Liao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 990–994, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.91

• pressures, cobalt nanowires were synthesized by chemical reduction in aqueous solution with the assistance of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as surfactant under moderate conditions for the first time, while an external magnetic field of 40 mT was applied. Uniform linear cobalt nanowires with relatively smooth

• under moderate conditions [12]. In this research, with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as surfactant, uniform linear cobalt nanowires with a mean diameter of about 100 nm were synthesized in aqueous solution under an external magnetic field at low temperature and atmosphere pressure for the first time. All

Chemical bath deposition of textured and compact zinc oxide thin films on vinyl-terminated polystyrene brushes

• Nina J. Blumenstein,
• Caroline G. Hofmeister,
• Peter Lindemann,
• Cheng Huang,
• Johannes Baier,
• Andreas Leineweber,
• Stefan Walheim,
• Christof Wöll,
• Thomas Schimmel and
• Joachim Bill

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 102–110, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.12

• out as described by Eisele et al. [33]. Stock solutions of polyvinylpyrrolidone (Mw = 10,000 g·mol−1, Lot#BCBF4168V, Sigma-Aldrich), zinc acetate (ZnAc2, Zn(CH3COO)2·2H2O, puriss p.a., ACS reagent, ≥99.0%, Sigma-Aldrich) and tetraethylammonium hydroxide (TEAOH, 1.5 M in methanol, Sigma-Aldrich) in

Green and energy-efficient methods for the production of metallic nanoparticles

• Mitra Naghdi,
• Mehrdad Taheran,
• Satinder K. Brar,
• M. Verma,
• R. Y. Surampalli and
• J. R. Valero

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2354–2376, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.243

• , they produced spherical Ag NPs with an average diameter of 26 nm, and polydispersity of 2.3%. They also investigated the capability of different ionic and non-ionic surfactants and also polyethylene glycol (PEG) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) in surface modification and stabilization of Ag NPs produced

Nanoscale rippling on polymer surfaces induced by AFM manipulation

• Mario D’Acunto,
• Franco Dinelli and
• Pasqualantonio Pingue

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2278–2289, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.234

• different periodicities depending on the T value at which the experiment is carried out and with respect to the Tg values of the two components. Maas et al. [50] have conducted an experimental work on polysterene/polyvinylpyrrolidone (PS/PVP) copolymer films where the composition ratio is varied and the

NanoE-Tox: New and in-depth database concerning ecotoxicity of nanomaterials

• Katre Juganson,
• Angela Ivask,
• Irina Blinova,
• Monika Mortimer and
• Anne Kahru

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1788–1804, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.183

• 15% uncoated. ENMs were most often modified with citrate (31% of all coatings) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP; 24% of all coatings) (Figure 4a). The high percentage of coated NPs in the database can be explained by the fact that nanosilver which constituted 35% of the database entries is frequently

• functionalised with different coatings, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and citrate being the most widely used. A parameter closely related to NP surface properties is surface charge. It has been shown that positively charged ENMs tend to attach to the cellular surface that is negatively charged and these

High sensitivity and high resolution element 3D analysis by a combined SIMS–SPM instrument

• Yves Fleming and
• Tom Wirtz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1091–1099, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.110

• spectrometry (SIMS) data was combined with topographical data from the scanning probe microscopy (SPM) module for five test structures in order to obtain accurate chemical 3D maps: a polystyrene/polyvinylpyrrolidone (PS/PVP) polymer blend, a nickel-based super-alloy, a titanium carbonitride-based cermet, a

• )/polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) polymer blend was prepared using a 75:25 (wt %) ratio of PS/PVP homopolymers. The homopolymers of PS with molecular mass Mw = 350,000 (Mw/Mn = 2.05) and PVP with molecular mass Mn = 40,000 (Mw/Mn = 1.03) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich. Both polymers were diluted in chloroform. The polymer

From lithium to sodium: cell chemistry of room temperature sodium–air and sodium–sulfur batteries

• Philipp Adelhelm,
• Pascal Hartmann,
• Conrad L. Bender,
• Martin Busche,
• Christine Eufinger and
• Juergen Janek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1016–1055, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.105

Microwave assisted synthesis and characterisation of a zinc oxide/tobacco mosaic virus hybrid material. An active hybrid semiconductor in a field-effect transistor device

• Shawn Sanctis,
• Rudolf C. Hoffmann,
• Sabine Eiben and
• Jörg J. Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 785–791, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.81

• the zinc oximato complex and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) (mol. wt ≈ 10k) in methanol and drop wise addition of a solution of tetraethylammonium hydroxide (TEAOH) in methanol, so that the final concentrations were [Zn2+] = 10 mM, [PVP] = 10 mM, and [TEAOH] = 12.5 mM. The microwave reactions were

• using a methanolic solution of zinc complex as a zinc source and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as a growth inhibiting and stabilizing agent for the zinc oxide nanoparticles. PVP has been reported to have a higher efficiency in suppressing the growth of zinc oxide during its formation, in comparison to

Conformal SiO₂ coating of sub-100 nm diameter channels of polycarbonate etched ion-track channels by atomic layer deposition

• Nicolas Sobel,
• Christian Hess,
• Manuela Lukas,
• Anne Spende,
• Bernd Stühn,
• M. E. Toimil-Molares and
• Christina Trautmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 472–479, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.48

• narrow size distribution [4][5][6]. Typically, polymers such as polycarbonate (PC), polyethylene terephthalate, and polyimide are employed as templates. Hydrophilicity is sometimes improved by immersing the etched membrane in a surfactant solution such as polyvinylpyrrolidone. The addition of surfactants

Proinflammatory and cytotoxic response to nanoparticles in precision-cut lung slices

• Stephanie Hirn,
• Nadine Haberl,
• Kateryna Loza,
• Matthias Epple,
• Wolfgang G. Kreyling,
• Barbara Rothen-Rutishauser,
• Markus Rehberg and
• Fritz Krombach

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2440–2449, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.253

• polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)-coated Ag-NPs under submerged culture conditions in vitro. ZnO-NPs (NM110) served as ‘soluble’ and quartz particles (Min-U-Sil) as ‘non-soluble’ control particles. After 4 and 24 h, the cell viability and the release of proinflammatory cytokines was measured. In addition, multiphoton