Polydopamine-coated Au nanorods for targeted fluorescent cell imaging and photothermal therapy

• Boris N. Khlebtsov,
• Andrey M. Burov,
• Timofey E. Pylaev and
• Nikolai G. Khlebtsov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 794–803, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.79

• -functionalized nanoparticles in folate-positive HeLa cells in contrast to the folate-negative HEK 293 cells using fluorescent microscopy. The replacement of folic acid with polyethylene glycol (PEG) leads to a decrease in nanoparticle uptake by both folate-positive and folate-negative cells. We performed NIR

• ) loading, resulting in the formation of AuNR-PDA-R123-folate nanocomposites (Scheme 1). This platform demonstrates three distinct features: (1) targeting of nanocomposites with folic acid leads to enhanced cellular uptake by folate-positive cancer cells compared with PEG-coated nanorods; (2) the high

• -light illumination due to the presence of R123 molecules. Additionally, nanoparticles can selectively accumulate in the cancer cells because of targeting to folate receptors. Folate-mediated cell imaging Efficient cellular uptake of nanocarriers is significant to ensure the therapeutic efficacy of

On the transformation of “zincone”-like into porous ZnO thin films from sub-saturated plasma enhanced atomic layer deposition

• Alberto Perrotta,
• Julian Pilz,
• Stefan Pachmajer,
• Antonella Milella and
• Anna Maria Coclite

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 746–759, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.74

• a type-II isotherm is associated with nonporous materials. Mesoporous materials are instead characterized by a type-IV isotherm, in which a hysteresis arises in the desorption step, due to the condensation of water in the pores. The adsorptive uptake was expressed as adsorptive volume obtained from

• vapor. The example is reported for the layer deposited with 1 s plasma exposure time and annealed at 400 °C. In the adsorption branch, two water uptake stages in the formed porosity were identified at 20% and 60% relative humidity. In the literature, these uptakes were attributed to filling of

• micropores and mesopores, respectively [49][50]. At 90% relative humidity a rapid increase of the water uptake was witnessed. This was attributed to swelling of the layers, accounting for the desorption branch crossing the adsorption branch while decreasing the relative humidity. When water leaves the

Topochemical engineering of composite hybrid fibers using layered double hydroxides and abietic acid

• Liji Sobhana,
• Lokesh Kesavan,
• Jan Gustafsson and
• Pedro Fardim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 589–605, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.60

• very thin covering of AA, compared to C-HF fibers from UBKP (Figure S4d–f, Supporting Information File 1). The SEM characterization of materials suggests that unrefined fibers (BKP, UBKP) yield a better uptake of AA with uniform coating/adhesion than refined fibers (BKPR, UBKPR). SEM images of C

Improving control of carbide-derived carbon microstructure by immobilization of a transition-metal catalyst within the shell of carbide/carbon core–shell structures

• Teguh Ariyanto,
• Jan Glaesel,
• Andreas Kern,
• Gui-Rong Zhang and
• Bastian J. M. Etzold

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 419–427, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.41

• partial conversion [15][26]. Figure 2b shows the pore structure of the partially converted carbide at 800 °C characterized by N2 sorption analysis. The adsorption–desorption curve shows a similar shape compared to a typical fully CDC material synthesized at 800 °C but features a lower uptake due to the

Removal of toxic heavy metals from river water samples using a porous silica surface modified with a new β-ketoenolic host

• Said Tighadouini,
• Smaail Radi,
• Abderrahman Elidrissi,
• Khadija Haboubi,
• Maryse Bacquet,
• Stéphanie Degoutin,
• Mustapha Zaghrioui and
• Yann Garcia

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 262–273, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.25

• increase in the retention capacity as a function of the increase in the initial concentration of Zn(II), Pb(II), Cd(II) and Cu(II) metals. The maximum adsorption was achieved gradually after an initial concentration of each metal of about 40 mg·L−1. The adsorption isotherms allow the metal uptake per unit

Targeting strategies for improving the efficacy of nanomedicine in oncology

• Gonzalo Villaverde and
• Alejandro Baeza

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 168–181, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.16

• help of nanocarriers [6]. Moreover, the external surface of these nanocarriers can be decorated with different bio-organic moieties (targeting groups) that bind specifically to receptors located on the membrane of tumoral cells in order to enhance the particle uptake in the malignant cells. This

• significant enhancement of the particle uptake due to multiple binding processes with tumoral receptors through a multivalence effect [25]. Nature usually employs antibodies for the recognition of cells and pathogenic bodies. Antibodies are large proteins that present a characteristic Y-shaped structure in

• potent estrogen receptor modulator tamoxifen [26]. These nanoparticles were capable to induce a significant in vivo tumour growth inhibition due to the enhanced nanoparticle uptake within the tumoral cells owing to the strong interaction between the antibody and HER2. Another interesting possibility is

New micro/mesoporous nanocomposite material from low-cost sources for the efficient removal of aromatic and pathogenic pollutants from water

• Emmanuel I. Unuabonah,
• Robert Nöske,
• Jens Weber,
• Christina Günter and
• Andreas Taubert

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 119–131, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.11

• micro- and mesopores in 1Z- and 2Z-HYCA, while 1M-HYCA only shows a low nitrogen uptake. Its specific surface area, SBET, is only 20 m2/g, while the SBET of 1Z-HYCA is 162 m2/g and the SBET of 2Z-HYCA is 228 m2/g (Figure 1A). As a result, M-HYCA was not considered any further because high surface areas

• are a prerequisite for successful water treatment. In contrast, both Zn-containing samples show adsorption–desorption isotherms indicative of porous materials. The isotherm shape is, however, rather ill-defined and can be understood as a mixture of different isotherm types. A significant uptake is

• the positively charged 2Z-HYCA@650 °C. This behavior also explains, in part, the mechanism for the uptake of 4-NP by 2Z-HYCA nanocomposite material, as it is expected that 4-nitrophenol will ionize in water at pH 6.3 to yield some 4-nitrophenoxide anions that will be electrostatically held onto the

Surface plasmon resonance enhancement of photoluminescence intensity and bioimaging application of gold nanorod@CdSe/ZnS quantum dots

• Siyi Hu,
• Yu Ren,
• Yue Wang,
• Jinhua Li,
• Junle Qu,
• Liwei Liu,
• Hanbin Ma and
• Yuguo Tang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 22–31, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.3

• @CdSe/ZnS can be used in cell imaging studies, after conjugation with FA, we performed a MCF-7 breast cancer cell targeting imaging study, and the results as shown in Figure 8. Robust cellular uptake could be obtained from the CdSe/ZnS@FA and GNR@CdSe/ZnS@FA treated samples. The obvious luminescence and

• staining appearing in Figure 8 was due to the accumulation of functionalized nanoparticles in the cells, and there was no sign of any damage to the cell, demonstrating passive uptake in MCF-7 breast cancer cells using CdSe/ZnS@FA and GNR@CdSe/ZnS@FA. However, because the PL intensity and cell morphology of

Characterization and influence of hydroxyapatite nanopowders on living cells

• Przemyslaw Oberbek,
• Tomasz Bolek,
• Adrian Chlanda,
• Seishiro Hirano,
• Sylwia Kusnieruk,
• Julia Rogowska-Tylman,
• Ganna Nechyporenko,
• Viktor Zinchenko,
• Wojciech Swieszkowski and
• Tomasz Puzyn

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 3079–3094, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.286

• uptake and HAp–cell interactions CHO cells were chosen for the visualization of cell interaction with HAp, since these cells displayed the greatest susceptibility in the viability tests. HAp agglomerates were clearly visible because of their ability to reflect a laser beam in the used wavelength range

• , which were not carried out in this study. The small impact of HAp nanoobjects on A549 cells is probably connected to their cancerous nature and lower intracellular pH value [77]. Even after a high uptake of HAp particles, A549 could dissolve hydroxyapatite more efficiently and safely than the other

• with thermal treatment during the process. State of agglomeration and solubility are mainly influenced by the drying methods. A uniform size of agglomerates with a highly developed surface area (achieved, e.g., by spray drying) and hence better uptake by the cells can be used as an advantage for drug

Hydrogen-induced plasticity in nanoporous palladium

• Markus Gößler,
• Eva-Maria Steyskal,
• Markus Stütz,
• Norbert Enzinger and
• Roland Würschum

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 3013–3024, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.280

• 3.887 Å for pure palladium to 3.895 Å for PdHα (maximum hydrogen concentration at 25 °C) and amounts to 4.025 Å in PdHβ (minimum hydrogen concentration at 25 °C) [21]. This significant increase in lattice constants, and thus volumetric expansion upon hydrogen uptake, makes palladium also an interesting

• palladium-hydride phase transition, as the concept is of utmost importance for the mechanical behaviour of npPd. Current understanding of palladium-hydride phase transitions The nature of the phase transition in palladium hydride crucially depends on both sample dimensions and the rate of hydrogen uptake

The nanoscaled metal-organic framework ICR-2 as a carrier of porphyrins for photodynamic therapy

• Jan Hynek,
• Sebastian Jurík,
• Martina Koncošová,
• Jaroslav Zelenka,
• Ivana Křížová,
• Tomáš Ruml,
• Kaplan Kirakci,
• Ivo Jakubec,
• František Kovanda,
• Kamil Lang and
• Jan Demel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2960–2967, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.275

• substituent at the porphyrin phosphinate groups. Thus, phosphinatophenylporphyrin with phenyl substituents has the strongest photodynamic efficacy due to the most efficient cellular uptake. Keywords: metal-organic framework; phosphinic acid based MOF; photodynamic therapy; porphyrin; singlet oxygen

• the proximity of iron atoms constituting the ICR-2 structure. It is worth noting that the porphyrin loading does not affect the fluorescence quantum yields. Photobiological properties Cellular uptake and intracellular localization HeLa cells were treated with the nanoparticles in Eagle's Minimum

• Essential Medium (EMEM) without foetal bovine serum to avoid modification of the particle surface properties by nonspecific binding of serum albumin. The cellular uptake of the nanoparticles was quantified by flow-cytometry analysis of porphyrin fluorescence associated with the cells. Figure 6A shows the

Hybrid Au@alendronate nanoparticles as dual chemo-photothermal agent for combined cancer treatment

• Anouchka Plan Sangnier,
• Romain Aufaure,
• Laurence Motte,
• Claire Wilhelm,
• Erwann Guenin and
• Yoann Lalatonne

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2947–2952, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.273

• internalized by the cells and accumulates preferentially into bone tissue. Benyettou et al. showed that alendronate-coated magnetic NPs favour the intratumoral uptake and inhibit tumor growth [10]. HMBPs are also effective ligands to stabilize nanoparticles under biological conditions [11][12][13][14][15

Cytotoxicity of doxorubicin-conjugated poly[N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide]-modified γ-Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles towards human tumor cells

• Zdeněk Plichta,
• Yulia Kozak,
• Rostyslav Panchuk,
• Viktoria Sokolova,
• Matthias Epple,
• Lesya Kobylinska,
• Pavla Jendelová and
• Daniel Horák

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2533–2545, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.236

• chemical attachment of target biomolecules, reduces cytotoxicity, and controls particle uptake by the cells [10]. Coatings can be either of low molecular weight, such are carbohydrates and organic acids (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, succinic acid, bisphosphonic acid), or of

• undifferentiated cells, mesenchymal stem cells were utilized. Cellular uptake of agents was studied by fluorescence microscopy and induction of cell death was visualized by live/dead assay. Dox-conjugated γ-Fe2O3@P(HPMA-MMAA) particles showed enhanced cytotoxicity in drug-sensitive and drug-resistant tumor cells

• normalized to blank controls, containing the equivalent volume of culture medium. Cytotoxicity was expressed as IC50 value calculated from full dose-response curves as drug concentration inducing 50% reduction in cell survival compared to the control cultured in parallel without the particles. The uptake

Enhanced antineoplastic/therapeutic efficacy using 5-fluorouracil-loaded calcium phosphate nanoparticles

• Shanid Mohiyuddin,
• Saba Naqvi and
• Gopinath Packirisamy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2499–2515, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.233

• with 5-FU and resulted in enhanced cellular uptake and efficacy [18]. Furthermore, a chitosan/gold nanocomposite was employed as a load carrier for 5-FU with an encapsulation efficiency of 96% [19]. Interestingly, monomeric self-assembled nucleoside nanoparticles (SNNPs) loaded with 5-FU were shown to

• agglomeration and enhanced colloidal stability [29]. Since the particle stability mainly depends on the electrical charge of the surface, properties such as cellular uptake, rate of drug release, and blood retention time are directly correlated with the zeta potential value. Furthermore, the zeta potential

• showed a concentration-dependent toxicity on the cells irrespective of the cell lines used. In NIH 3T3 cells, considerably low toxicity was found (Figure 4A) with respect to cancer cells. The increased metabolism in cancer cells might be the reason for the enhanced cellular uptake [39] of the particles

Nanocellulose: Recent advances and its prospects in environmental remediation

• Katrina Pui Yee Shak,
• Yean Ling Pang and
• Shee Keat Mah

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2479–2498, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.232

• displayed high uptake adsorption capacity for several cationic dyes such as methylene blue, basic fuchsin, crystal violet and malachite green [101]. Carboxylated CNC, with a high COOH content of 2.1 mmol/g, showed a significant uptake of about 769 mg/g for methylene blue as compared to CNC with surface

• functional groups usually induce a high adsorption rate at low pH while a decrease in the adsorption uptake capacity is observed in medium with pH above 8. The aminopropyltriethoxysilane modified MFC’s affinity for different metal ions follows the order of Cd(II) > Cu(II) > Ni(II) [90]. The modified

Fabrication of photothermally active poly(vinyl alcohol) films with gold nanostars for antibacterial applications

• Mykola Borzenkov,
• Maria Moros,
• Claudia Tortiglione,
• Serena Bertoldi,
• Nicola Contessi,
• Silvia Faré,
• Angelo Taglietti,
• Agnese D’Agostino,
• Piersandro Pallavicini,
• Maddalena Collini and
• Giuseppe Chirico

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2040–2048, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.193

• are known to be sensitive to water [20][27]. In order to test the potential application of the fabricated films in biological environments, a crucial prerequisite is the study of the swelling behavior and the water uptake capability [11]. With this aim, the fabricated films were immersed for 24 h in

SO₂ gas adsorption on carbon nanomaterials: a comparative study

• Deepu J. Babu,
• Divya Puthusseri,
• Frank G. Kühl,
• Sherif Okeil,
• Michael Bruns,
• Manfred Hampe and
• Jörg J. Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1782–1792, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.169

• adsorbent. At 1 bar, there is an almost linear relationship between the BET specific surface area and the SO2 adsorption. The notable exceptions are GO and SWNT. The high SO2 uptake by GO is presumed to be due to the high concentration of oxygen functionalities (16.1 atom %) that are easily accessible due

• presence of few MWNTs and other catalyst impurities. The presence of these foreign particles might be one of the reasons for the observed low SO2 uptake in SWNTs. In Figure 5c, the SO2 adsorption at 3 bar is plotted as a function of the specific surface area of the adsorbent. At this pressure, CNHs, MWNTs

• and SWNTs lie on the same line while VACNTs exhibits a higher SO2 adsorption capacity. The SO2 uptake of Norit R1 Extra is no longer in line with the specific surface at a pressure of 3 bar. This is because, unlike other adsorbents, all the microporous adsorption sites of Norit R1 Extra are already

Review on nanoparticles and nanostructured materials: history, sources, toxicity and regulations

• Jaison Jeevanandam,
• Ahmed Barhoum,
• Yen S. Chan,
• Alain Dufresne and
• Michael K. Danquah

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1050–1074, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.98

Green synthesis of fluorescent carbon dots from spices for in vitro imaging and tumour cell growth inhibition

• Nagamalai Vasimalai,
• Vânia Vilas-Boas,
• Juan Gallo,
• María de Fátima Cerqueira,
• Mario Menéndez-Miranda,
• José Manuel Costa-Fernández,
• Lorena Diéguez,
• Begoña Espiña and
• María Teresa Fernández-Argüelles

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 530–544, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.51

• mentioned spice-derived C-dots was evaluated in vitro in human glioblastoma cells (LN-229 cancer cell line) and in human kidney cells (HK-2 non-cancerous cell line). Bioimaging and viability studies were performed with different C-dot concentrations from 0.1 to 2 mg·mL−1, exhibiting a higher uptake of C

• observed between the absolute value of the zeta potential and the cellular uptake observed in both LN-229 and HK-2 cells. XRD patterns of the four synthesized C-dots have been also studied, and the obtained results are given in Figure 5. The cinnamon, red chilli, turmeric and black pepper C-dots

• C-dots in the cytoplasm of LN-229 cells (Figure 9), while distributed in bigger agglomerates around the nuclear area in HK-2 cells (Figure 10). The fluorescence intensity attributed to the C-dots was clearly higher in LN-229 cells than in HK-2 cells, suggesting a more efficient uptake by LN-229 than

Blister formation during graphite surface oxidation by Hummers’ method

• Olga V. Sinitsyna,
• Georgy B. Meshkov,
• Anastasija V. Grigorieva,
• Alexander A. Antonov,
• Inna G. Grigorieva and
• Igor V. Yaminsky

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 407–414, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.40

• , according to the Raman spectroscopy data, gaseous products should not be released under the surface as in the model of Murray [15][16]. We assume that the initially formed GIC with sulfuric acid was swollen with the blister formation due to water uptake. Taken this into account we can explain Figure 6. The

Nanoparticle delivery to metastatic breast cancer cells by nanoengineered mesenchymal stem cells

• Liga Saulite,
• Karlis Pleiko,
• Ineta Popena,
• Dominyka Dapkute,
• Ricardas Rotomskis and
• Una Riekstina

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 321–332, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.32

• metastatic breast cancer cell line MDA-MD-231 and primary breast cancer cell line MCF7 to explore the transfer of quantum dots (QDs) to cancer cells. First, the optimal conditions for high-content QD loading in MSCs were established. Then, QD uptake in breast cancer cells was assessed after 24 h in a 3D co

• -culture with nanoengineered MSCs. We found that incubation of MSCs with QDs in a serum-free medium provided the best accumulation results. It was found that 24 h post-labelling QDs were eliminated from MSCs. Our results demonstrate that breast cancer cells efficiently uptake QDs that are released from

• nanoengineered MSCs in a 3D co-culture. Moreover, the uptake is considerably enhanced in metastatic MDA-MB-231 cells compared with MCF7 primary breast cancer cells. Our findings suggest that nanoengineered MSCs could serve as a vehicle for targeted drug delivery to metastatic cancer. Keywords: cancer

Humidity-dependent wound sealing in succulent leaves of Delosperma cooperi – An adaptation to seasonal drought stress

• Olga Speck,
• Mark Schlechtendahl,
• Florian Borm,
• Tim Kampowski and
• Thomas Speck

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 175–186, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.20

• uptake of liquid water by the intact chlorenchyma and parenchyma cells results in a turgor-dependent increase of cell size and consequently an opening of the fissure. The described turgor changes in chlorenchyma and parenchyma cells and the concomitant changes in tissue pressure and tissue stress are, in

Involvement of two uptake mechanisms of gold and iron oxide nanoparticles in a co-exposure scenario using mouse macrophages

• Dimitri Vanhecke,
• Dagmar A. Kuhn,
• Dorleta Jimenez de Aberasturi,
• Sandor Balog,
• Ana Milosevic,
• Dominic Urban,
• Diana Peckys,
• Niels de Jonge,
• Wolfgang J. Parak,
• Alke Petri-Fink and
• Barbara Rothen-Rutishauser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2396–2409, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.239

• Marburg, Renthof 7, 35037 Marburg, Germany 10.3762/bjnano.8.239 Abstract Little is known about the simultaneous uptake of different engineered nanoparticle types, as it can be expected in our daily life. In order to test such co-exposure effects, murine macrophages (J774A.1 cell line) were incubated with

• gold (AuNPs) and iron oxide nanoparticles (FeOxNPs) either alone or combined. Environmental scanning electron microscopy revealed that single NPs of both types bound within minutes on the cell surface but with a distinctive difference between FeOxNPs and AuNPs. Uptake analysis studies based on laser

• treated with endocytotic inhibitors recovered after co-exposure, which additionally hinted that two uptake mechanisms are involved. Cross-talk between uptake pathways is relevant for toxicological studies: Co-exposure acts as an uptake accelerant. If the goal is to maximize the cellular uptake, e.g., for

Surfactant-induced enhancement of droplet adhesion in superhydrophobic soybean (Glycine max L.) leaves

• Oliver Hagedorn,
• Ingo Fleute-Schlachter,
• Hans Georg Mainx,
• Viktoria Zeisler-Diehl and
• Kerstin Koch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2345–2356, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.234

• are usually water repellent. Many economically important crops like wheat (Triticum aestivum) or rice (Oryza sativa) are characterized by leaf surfaces with superhydrophobic properties, thus the uptake of water-based agrochemicals, e.g., herbicides, is low [29] because applied droplets are likely to

• group [30]. Surfactants are characterized by their hydrophilic/lipophilic balance (HLB). In general, if they have a high HLB (>10) they enhance the penetration of herbicides with high-water solubility, while lipophilic surfactants with a low HLB (<10) effectively enhance the uptake of poorly water

• requires further investigation. The results presented herein on the soybean surface microstructure, chemistry and wettability provide important information for the further development of more target specific formulations used for the improvement of foliar uptake of nutrients and for the increase in the

A comparative study of the nanoscale and macroscale tribological attributes of alumina and stainless steel surfaces immersed in aqueous suspensions of positively or negatively charged nanodiamonds

• Colin K. Curtis,
• Antonin Marek,
• Alex I. Smirnov and
• Jacqueline Krim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2045–2059, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.205

• (SEM) measurements were employed to assess nanoparticle uptake, surface polishing, and resistance to solid–liquid interfacial shear motion. The QCM studies revealed abrupt changes to the surfaces of both alumina and stainless steel upon injection of –ND into the surrounding water environment that are

• monitor for thin films [21], it has rapidly expanded in recent years to a broad range of applications through simultaneously monitoring of changes in frequency and quality factors [22][23][24][25][26]. It has become well known as a nanotribological technique for studying uptake and sliding friction levels

• opportunity for cross-comparisons with atomic scale tribological probes. At the atomic scale, the QCM and microscopy studies indicated uptake of particles, along with the potential presence of lubricious slurry for the −ND suspensions, somewhat analogous to boundary lubrication and steric repulsion effects by