Melifoliox B, a novel phloroglucin derivative isolated from Melicope barbigera (Rutaceae) and synthesis of new oxidation products from melifoliones A and B

• Horst Weber,
• Kim-Thao Tran-Cong,
• Bernhard Mayer,
• Guido J. Reiss,
• Iryna S. Konovalova,
• Marc S. Appelhans,
• Kenneth R. Wood and
• Claus M. Passreiter

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2026, 22, 535–546, doi:10.3762/bjoc.22.39

• -toluenesulfonic acid at 80 °C in toluene afforded benzoxocin (7) as the only product. On the other hand, melifolione A (1) was completely decomposed under these conditions. Irradiation of 5 in methanol with UV-light (300 nm) for 3 days at room temperature gave melifolione B (2) with traces of melifolione A (1

Get a better glimpse on sequential photoreactions of trisnorbornadienes with ¹⁹F NMR spectroscopy

• Julian Felix Maria Hebborn,
• Ben Eric Merten,
• Thomas Paululat and
• Heiko Ihmels

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2026, 22, 527–534, doi:10.3762/bjoc.22.38

• controlled by light [1][2][3][4]. To add to that, the photochromic reaction allows to convert the energy of the applied light into chemical energy, which can thus be stored and eventually released on demand as heat in the back reaction. Therefore, photochromic reactions constitute the centerpiece of the

• ][31][32][33]. Furthermore, to shift the absorption towards lower-energy light in such compounds – and for that matter to the solar spectrum – push–pull systems [29][31], enlarged π systems [30][33], and heteroaromatic chromophores [32][34][35] have been introduced (Figure 1). Although this structural

• the physicochemical parameters of the light energy storage and release, the thermally induced cycloreversion of 2f0,3 was investigated. Analysis of the cycloreversion at different temperatures revealed a half-life, t1/2, of 55 d at 25 °C, an activation enthalpy ΔH = 99.4 kJ/kg, and an activation

Modern synthetic pathways towards eribulin and its subunits

• Sebastian Dominik Graf

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2026, 22, 495–526, doi:10.3762/bjoc.22.37

• aldehyde 200. Another optimization was achieved during the formation of the central ketal motif of 186 (Scheme 22). Here, the diastereomeric mixture of 183 (see Scheme 19) was exposed to light-mediated DDQ-oxidation within a continuous flow setup, which yielded epimers (R)-184 and (S)-184. This mixture was

Synthesis and uranyl(VI) extraction performance of a calix[4]pyrrole–tetrahydroxamic acid receptor

• Sara Karnib,
• Rana Baydoun,
• Wissam Zaidan,
• Nancy AlHaddad,
• Omar El Samad,
• Bilal Nsouli,
• Francine Cazier-Dennin and
• Pierre-Edouard Danjou

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2026, 22, 486–494, doi:10.3762/bjoc.22.36

• for supramolecular platforms like calixarenes for actinides and lanthanides extraction [36][37]. In light of this background, we report here the incorporation of hydroxamic acid into phenoxycalix[4]pyrrole and examine its effectiveness in extracting uranyl from aqueous solution using gamma

Structural reassignment of compound 968, an allosteric glutaminase inhibitor

• Lindsey A. Albertelli,
• Sainabou Jallow,
• Chun Li and
• Scott M. Ulrich

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2026, 22, 455–460, doi:10.3762/bjoc.22.33

• ethanol to yield the title compound as a light gray powder (4.05 g, 72%). 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 9.72 (s, 1H), 7.91 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 2H), 7.76 (t, J = 6.9 Hz, 2H), 7.41 (t, J = 7.3 Hz, 1H), 7.35 (d, J = 1.8 Hz, 1H), 7.29 (m, 2H), 7.71 (dd, J = 8.3, 1.8 Hz, 1H), 6.90 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 1H), 5.70 (s, 1H

Concept-driven strategies in target-oriented synthesis

• David Yu-Kai Chen,
• Chao Li and
• Yefeng Tang

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2026, 22, 451–454, doi:10.3762/bjoc.22.32

• pages will spark interest and deepen understanding in the fascinating world of target-oriented synthesis. In light of the current scientific landscape, perhaps it is fitting to reflect on the impact of artificial intelligence and innovations in machine-assisted synthetic design as we conclude this

Arene activation via π-bond localization: concepts and opportunities

• Paul Meiners,
• Julian J. Melder and
• Tobias Morack

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2026, 22, 257–273, doi:10.3762/bjoc.22.19

• applications One of the earliest demonstrations of the unusual reactivity of small-ring-annelated arenes is found in benzocyclopropene, which undergoes facile dearomatization [29]. For example, upon exposure to iodine and UV-light, it transforms into 1,6-diiodocycloheptatriene, highlighting the pronounced

• enriching the repertoire of arene functionalization beyond the established cross-coupling and C–H activation canon. Alternatively, merging arene activation with additional concepts, such as photoredox catalysis offers an exciting opportunity to address thermodynamic constraints and to harness light-driven

Configuration–packing synergy enabling integrated crystalline-state RTP and amorphous-state TADF

• Ruiyan Wang and
• Yunan Wu

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2026, 22, 224–236, doi:10.3762/bjoc.22.16

• phosphorescence; thermally activated delayed fluorescence; Introduction Organic light-emitting materials have attracted significant attention due to their remarkable potential across a wide array of applications [1][2][3], such as in display technologies [4], information security and data storage [5], time

• , making it a suitable candidate for use in advanced optoelectronic devices, such as organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), where efficient triplet-state management and delayed fluorescence are highly desired. In different solvents, the UV–vis absorption maxima and band profiles of the compound remain

• conventions, the ΔEST was estimated by calculating the difference between the onset energies of the fluorescence and phosphorescence bands. This energy difference was determined using Equation 1: where E is the energy, h is Planck's constant, c is the speed of light, and λ is the wavelength corresponding to

Synthesis of diaryl phosphates using phytic acid as a phosphorus source

• Kazuya Asao,
• Seika Matsumoto,
• Haruka Mori,
• Riku Yoshimura,
• Takeshi Sasaki,
• Naoya Hirata,
• Yasuyuki Hayakawa and
• Shin-ichi Kawaguchi

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2026, 22, 213–223, doi:10.3762/bjoc.22.15

• its light-brown appearance was identical to that of the product synthesized from commercial phytic acid. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis results indicated that the purity of 2a derived from the extracted phytic acid was greater than 95% (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S4

Screwing the helical chirality through terminal peri-functionalization

• Devesh Chandra,
• Sachin and
• Upendra Sharma

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2026, 22, 205–212, doi:10.3762/bjoc.22.14

• circularly polarized organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs), circularly polarized luminescence (CPL), and photonic devices, etc., due to their strong circular dichroism and circularly polarized luminescence [15][16]. Their well-defined three-dimensional chiral environment also makes helicenes useful in

Improved synthesis and physicochemical characterization of the selective serotonin 2A receptor agonist 25CN-NBOH

• Adrian G. Rossebø,
• Hannah G. Kolberg,
• Anders E. Tønder,
• Louise Kjaerulff,
• Poul Erik Hansen,
• Karla A. Frydenvang,
• Jesper Østergaard and
• Jesper L. Kristensen

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2026, 22, 175–184, doi:10.3762/bjoc.22.11

• , respectively, while UV–vis spectra were recorded using the fiber optic probe (10 mm light path) of the inForm diode array spectrometer. The instrument control and data analysis were performed using the inForm software Version 1.1.3.6 (Sirius Analytical, Forest Row, UK). HPLC Samples from distribution

Design and synthesis of an axially chiral platinum(II) complex and its CPL properties in PMMA matrix

• Daiki Tauchi,
• Sota Ogura,
• Misa Sakura,
• Kazunori Tsubaki and
• Masashi Hasegawa

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2026, 22, 143–150, doi:10.3762/bjoc.22.7

• Luminescent materials based on metal complexes have been extensively studied due to their high phosphorescence efficiency, making them promising candidates for applications in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) [1][2][3][4][5], sensors [6][7][8][9], and bioimaging materials [10][11]. Among these materials

• spectrofluoropolarimeter at room temperature, at a scattering angle of 0° upon excitation with unpolarized, monochromated incident light. Absolute PLQYs of solutions and powder samples were determined using a JASCO FP-8550 spectrometer with an integrating sphere (JASCO ILF-533, diameter 96 mm) at an excitation wavelength

• of 300 nm. Fluorescence lifetimes were measured for solutions and powder samples with a HORIBA DeltaFlex spectrometer with a 370 nm LED light source for excitation. For the lifetime measurements of solution, a conventional 1 cm quartz cell was used. Optical rotation values were measured with a JASCO

Symmetrical D–π–A–π–D indanone dyes: a new design for nonlinear optics and cyanide detection

• Ergin Keleş,
• Alberto Barsella,
• Nurgül Seferoğlu,
• Zeynel Seferoğlu and
• Burcu Aydıner

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2026, 22, 131–142, doi:10.3762/bjoc.22.6

• attention due to their widespread use in materials chemistry. This type of dye is of particular interest in the fields of organic electronics, photonics, and optoelectronics etc., used in areas such as dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC), organic light-emitting diodes (OLED), nonlinear optics (NLO), and

• under ambient light. In addition, interaction mechanisms of dyes with cyanide were studied using the 1H NMR titration method, and it was determined that they interacted through an addition mechanism. Photophysical properties and interaction mechanisms of the compounds were also supported through density

• groups is disrupted. These results strongly suggest the addition of cyanide to the vinyl bridge. Furthermore, the color of dyes 2a–c, blue, green, and pink, respectively, under ambient light changed to yellow when interacting with cyanide. The interaction mechanism was determined by 1H NMR, and the

Highly electrophilic, gem- and spiro-activated trichloromethylnitrocyclopropanes: synthesis and structure

• Ilia A. Pilipenko,
• Mikhail V. Grigoriev,
• Olga Yu. Ozerova,
• Igor A. Litvinov,
• Darya V. Spiridonova,
• Aleksander V. Vasilyev and
• Sergey V. Makarenko

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2026, 22, 123–130, doi:10.3762/bjoc.22.5

• . Visualization was performed under UV light (λ 254 nm). Reagents were obtained from commercial suppliers and used without further purification unless otherwise noted. X-ray crystallography. X-ray diffraction analysis of the structure 2, 3, 9a, and 9b was performed on a Rigaku 'SuperNova, Single source at offset

Advances in Zr-mediated radical transformations and applications to total synthesis

• Hiroshige Ogawa and
• Hugh Nakamura

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2026, 22, 71–87, doi:10.3762/bjoc.22.3

• a halogen‑atom transfer (XAT) mechanism, they initiated the development of monofluoroalkyl group functionalization. Upon visible-light irradiation in the presence of an Ir photocatalyst and dibutylzirconocene, α-fluorocarbonyl compounds 45 underwent XAT with low-valent zirconium species to generate

Sustainable electrochemical synthesis of aliphatic nitro-NNO-azoxy compounds employing ammonium dinitramide and their in vitro evaluation as potential nitric oxide donors and fungicides

• Alexander S. Budnikov,
• Nikita E. Leonov,
• Michael S. Klenov,
• Andrey A. Kulikov,
• Igor B. Krylov,
• Timofey A. Kudryashev,
• Aleksandr M. Churakov,
• Alexander O. Terent’ev and
• Vladimir A. Tartakovsky

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 2739–2754, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.211

• applications in organic synthesis as precursors for free radicals in selective transformations [5][6][7][8][9][10][11] and polymerization initiators [12], energetic materials [13][14][15], NO donors [16][17], and organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) [18]. Despite the wide diversity of their applications

Tandem hydrothiocyanation/cyclization of CF₃-iminopropargyl alcohols with NaSCN in the presence of AcOH

• Ruslan S. Shulgin,
• Ol’ga G. Volostnykh,
• Anton V. Stepanov,
• Igor’ A. Ushakov,
• Alexander V. Vashchenko and
• Olesya A. Shemyakina

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 2694–2702, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.207

• light of the above examples and as part of our ongoing research into the chemistry of functionalized propargyl alcohols [25][26], we decided to use CF3-substituted iminopropargyl alcohols as a starting material for hydrothiocyanation reactions, since the alkynyl imine fragment can undergo a series of

Recent advancements in the synthesis of Veratrum alkaloids

• Morwenna Mögel,
• David Berger and
• Philipp Heretsch

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 2657–2693, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.206

• visual comparison, we decided to implement flow charts with colored boxes and reaction classifications as suggested by Schwan and Christmann [10]. In their publication, reaction steps are ranked by a color scheme resembling a traffic light, depending on their strategic value in the synthesis: two shades

• the semisynthesis of Liu/Qin [26] 15 years later. The only non-green transformations displayed at the start were a protecting group installation (red) and a condensation (yellow), which was needed for the C–H activation (light green). All other transformations connect either C–C or C–heteroatom bonds

Thiazolidinones: novel insights from microwave synthesis, computational studies, and potentially bioactive hybrids

• Luan A. Martinho,
• Victor H. J. G. Praciano,
• Guilherme D. R. Matos,
• Claudia C. Gatto and
• Carlos Kleber Z. Andrade

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 2618–2636, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.203

• experimental spectrum. In blue, suppressed or absent carbon atoms bound to hydrogen atoms. a) Visual impressions of the solvatochromic study in various solvents (10−5 M) after excitation with a natural light. b) UV–vis absorption spectra of 3n in different solvents (10−5 M) at room temperature. c) Normalized

• ) Visual impressions of the aqueous solution at various pH after excitation with a natural light. b) UV–vis absorption spectra. c) Normalized emission spectra. Molecular fragments associated with intramolecular charge transfer states. Frontier molecular orbitals of compounds 3n and 4n in three different

Visible-light-driven NHC and organophotoredox dual catalysis for the synthesis of carbonyl compounds

• Vasudevan Dhayalan

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 2584–2603, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.200

• Vasudevan Dhayalan Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Puducherry, Karaikal-609609, Puducherry, India 10.3762/bjoc.21.200 Abstract Over the past two decades, organocatalyzed visible-light-mediated radical chemistry has significantly influenced modern synthetic organic

• ; NHC; organic photocatalyst; radicals; visible-light; Introduction Over the last ten years, NHC-catalyzed visible-light-promoted radical chemistry has been extensively developed for the cost-effective and practical synthesis of bioactive intermediates, pharmaceuticals, drugs, and natural products [1

• ]. The use of visible light as an energy source has significantly expanded the scope of organic molecule activation and its application in organic synthesis or medicinal chemistry [12], thereby driving the fast development of various photocatalytic transformations. Among these advances, dual catalysis

Ni-promoted reductive cyclization cascade enables a total synthesis of (+)-aglacin B

• Si-Chen Yao,
• Jing-Si Cao,
• Jian Xiao,
• Ya-Wen Wang and
• Yu Peng

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 2548–2552, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.197

• (2) and C (3), featuring a visible light-catalyzed radical cation cascade for the formation of the C8–C8′ and C2–C7′ bonds [6]. Subsequently, they improved the reaction conditions to achieve the racemic synthesis of aglacins A (1) and E (4) as well [7]. In 2021, the Gao group described the total

Synthesis and characterization of a isothiouronium-calix[4]arene derivative: self-assembly and anticancer activity

• Giuseppe Granata,
• Loredana Ferreri,
• Claudia Giovanna Leotta,
• Giovanni Mario Pitari and
• Grazia Maria Letizia Consoli

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 2535–2541, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.195

• chains at the lower rim. The resulting amphiphilic calix[4]arene derivative 3 spontaneously self-assembled into nanoscale aggregates in aqueous medium, as demonstrated by dynamic light scattering analysis. The cytotoxicity of compound 3 towards cancer cells was assessed using human renal carcinoma cells

• ][26]. A variety of calixarene-based nanoconstructs have been reported, including nanosystems with light-triggered anticancer activity [27], potential anticancer vaccine candidates [28], and nanocarriers for anticancer drug delivery [29][30][31][32][33]. Numerous bioactive groups have been introduced

• anticancer activity. The synthesis and structural characterization of compound 3 were carried out, and its self-assembly behavior in aqueous medium was investigated using dynamic light scattering (DLS) and electrophoretic light scattering (ELS). The anticancer potential of compound 3 was assessed in human

Effect of a photoswitchable rotaxane on membrane permeabilization across lipid compositions

• Udyogi N. K. Conthagamage,
• Lilia Lopez,
• Zuliah A. Abdulsalam and
• Víctor García-López

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 2498–2512, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.192

• first minutes of rotaxane insertion. Likewise, azobenzene photoswitching did not induce permeabilization in the more rigid and thicker EYPC/Chol 6:4 bilayers, which showed minimal release (5%). Furthermore, we discovered that when the unthreaded axle is irradiated with light, an unknown, irreversible

• photochemical process occurs, which triggers the release from only the vesicles containing EYPC. These findings underscore the significance of both the physical and chemical properties of the bilayer in enabling effective light-triggered cargo release through rotaxane activation. Keywords: lipid membrane

• bacteria or malignant cells like cancer) [5][6], or to influence membrane protein function and thereby control cellular behavior [7][8]. One promising approach is the development of light-activated molecules that can modulate membrane properties upon irradiation, enabling remote activation with high

Assembly strategy for thieno[3,2-b]thiophenes via a disulfide intermediate derived from 3-nitrothiophene-2,5-dicarboxylate

• Roman A. Irgashev

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 2489–2497, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.191

• , the use of TT frameworks for semiconductors has led to significant progress in organic field-effect transistors (OFETs), organic photovoltaics, organic light-emitting diodes, and chemical sensors [1][2][3]. For instance, TT-containing copolymers have shown high hole mobility, strong absorption in the

• notable DNA intercalation and antiproliferative effects [16][17], while TT–BODIPY derivatives were shown to efficiently generate singlet oxygen and demonstrate light-induced cytotoxicity, highlighting their promise as photodynamic therapeutic agents [18]. Near-infrared TT–DPP-based dyes have also been

Synthesis of the tetracyclic skeleton of Aspidosperma alkaloids via PET-initiated cationic radical-derived interrupted [2 + 2]/retro-Mannich reaction

• Ru-Dong Liu,
• Jian-Yu Long,
• Zhi-Lin Song,
• Zhen Yang and
• Zhong-Chao Zhang

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 2470–2478, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.189

• catalysts that could promote the proposed PET reaction of 9a on the basis of our previous results [15]. The reaction was performed in MeCN in the presence of photocatalysts under blue light-emitting diode (LED) irradiation at 30 °C. The results are listed in Table 1. Catalysts I [28], II [29], and III [30

• concerted nor stepwise. These findings shed light on the mechanistic innovation of a PET-initiated radical-derived reaction that was driven by the ring-strain release. Synthetic plan. a) General model of cyclobutenone bond cleavage; b) our previously reported method; c) plan for indole Aspidosperma alkaloid