Effects of solvent additive on “s-shaped” curves in solution-processed small molecule solar cells

• John A. Love,
• Shu-Hua Chou,
• Ye Huang,
• Guilllermo C. Bazan and
• Thuc-Quyen Nguyen

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2016, 12, 2543–2555, doi:10.3762/bjoc.12.249

• differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and compared to its predecessor, p-SIDT(FBTTh2)2. A significant impact on thermal behaviors was observed upon substituting 2-hexylthiophene with octyl cyanoacetate (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S4 and Table S1). As compared to p-SIDT(FBTTh2)2, the melting (Tm

Comparing blends and blocks: Synthesis of partially fluorinated diblock polythiophene copolymers to investigate the thermal stability of optical and morphological properties

• Pierre Boufflet,
• Sebastian Wood,
• Jessica Wade,
• Zhuping Fei,
• Ji-Seon Kim and
• Martin Heeney

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2016, 12, 2150–2163, doi:10.3762/bjoc.12.205

• approach was not feasible. In that case, washing with dichloromethane resulted in a demonstrable removal of P3OT homopolymer, as indicated by the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) thermogram (see Figure 1). Indeed, the melting peak around 190 °C, apparent in the crude block copolymer and attributable

• likely indicates less inter- and intrachain coupling, and possibly a frustration of the crystallization and phase separation in the case of these block copolymers. Thermal behavior Differential scanning calorimetry Fluorination of P3OT has previously been shown to result in a 50–60 °C increase in the

• , TCE-d2, 403 K, δ) 7.05 (s, 1H), 2.93–2.86 (m, 1.8H), 2.85–2.76 (m, 8.3H), 1.91–1.64 (m, 10.9H), 1.58–1.27 (m, 56.9H), 1.06–0.89 (m, 15.1H); 19F NMR (376 MHz, TCE-d2, 403 K, δ) −122.94 (s). Differential scanning calorimetry thermogram (second cycle, 10 K/min) of P3OT-b-F-P3OT 2:1 before (black) and

Syntheses of dibenzo[d,d']benzo[2,1-b:3,4-b']difuran derivatives and their application to organic field-effect transistors

• Minh Anh Truong and
• Koji Nakano

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2016, 12, 805–812, doi:10.3762/bjoc.12.79

• stability of syn-DBBDF 5 and syn-DNBDF 6 were evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), respectively. The DSC scans of syn-DBBDF 5 and syn-DNBDF 6 showed some transition peaks with the first phase-transition temperature at 20 °C and 45 °C, respectively, in

Amino-functionalized (meth)acryl polymers by use of a solvent-polarity sensitive protecting group (Br-t-BOC)

• Helmut Ritter,
• Monir Tabatabai and
• Markus Herrmann

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2016, 12, 245–252, doi:10.3762/bjoc.12.26

• spectrometer equipped with a diamond single bounce ATR accessory. The measurements were performed in the range of 400–3000 cm−1 at room temperature. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was performed using a Mettler Toledo DSC 822 instrument equipped with a sample robot TSO801RO. The Apparatus was

Interactions of cyclodextrins and their derivatives with toxic organophosphorus compounds

• Sophie Letort,
• Sébastien Balieu,
• William Erb,
• Géraldine Gouhier and
• François Estour

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2016, 12, 204–228, doi:10.3762/bjoc.12.23

• . Various analytical tests were used to access such information in the cases of pesticides [40][41][42]. Phase solubility diagrams could be obtained if changes of their water solubility upon inclusion occur, whereas differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) could be used to discriminate inclusion complexes

Thermal and oxidative stability of Atlantic salmon oil (Salmo salar L.) and complexation with β-cyclodextrin

• Daniel I. Hădărugă,
• Mustafa Ünlüsayin,
• Alexandra T. Gruia,
• Cristina Birău (Mitroi),
• Gerlinde Rusu and
• Nicoleta G. Hădărugă

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2016, 12, 179–191, doi:10.3762/bjoc.12.20

• -CD/ASO complexes. The analysis of the complexes by thermogravimetry, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and Karl Fischer titration (KFT) as well as the decrease of the “strongly-retained” water content confirm the formation of the inclusion compound. Furthermore, the DSC parameters correlate

• well with the KFT kinetic data for β-CD/ASO complexes. Keywords: Atlantic salmon oil (ASO); β-cyclodextrin; differential scanning calorimetry; Karl Fischer titration; omega-3 fatty acid; thermogravimetry; Introduction Functional food products containing omega-3 supplementation are becoming more and

• water and solvent contents in host–guest supramolecular systems by thermal analyses have already been performed for CD/flavonoid and CD/essential oil complexes [37][39]. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis DSC can provide further information on the physical and chemical processes occurring

Physical properties and biological activities of hesperetin and naringenin in complex with methylated β-cyclodextrin

• Waratchada Sangpheak,
• Jintawee Kicuntod,
• Roswitha Schuster,
• Thanyada Rungrotmongkol,
• Peter Wolschann,
• Nawee Kungwan,
• Helmut Viernstein,
• Monika Mueller and
• Piamsook Pongsawasdi

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 2763–2773, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.297

• diagram showed the formation of a soluble complex of AL type, with higher increase in solubility and stability when hesperetin and naringenin were complexed with RAMEB. Solid complexes were prepared by freeze-drying, and the data from differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) confirmed the formation of

• 24 hours. The dried powder was stored in desiccators for further use. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC, Netzsch, 204 F1 Phoenix) was used for recording DSC thermograms of the free hesperetin and naringenin and the inclusion complexes with β

Synthesis and photophysical characteristics of polyfluorene polyrotaxanes

• Aurica Farcas,
• Giulia Tregnago,
• Ana-Maria Resmerita,
• Pierre-Henri Aubert and
• Franco Cacialli

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 2677–2688, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.288

• polyrotaxanes than that of 3 non-rotaxane sample was assigned to the different content of threaded TM-βCD or TM-γCD on the copolymer chains (see incomplete coverage determined by 1H NMR). The thermal properties of the copolymers were evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric

Inclusion complexes of 2-methoxyestradiol with dimethylated and permethylated β-cyclodextrins: models for cyclodextrin–steroid interaction

• Mino R. Caira,
• Susan A. Bourne,
• Halima Samsodien and
• Vincent J. Smith

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 2616–2630, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.281

• well-defined and hence met the criterion for subsequent solubility studies. Interaction between 2ME and the amorphous CD derivatives RAMEB and HPBCD PXRD, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and FTIR methods were employed to investigate the products of kneading between crystalline 2ME and these

Cross-metathesis of polynorbornene with polyoctenamer: a kinetic study

• Yulia I. Denisova,
• Maria L. Gringolts,
• Alexander S. Peregudov,
• Liya B. Krentsel,
• Ekaterina A. Litmanovich,
• Arkadiy D. Litmanovich,
• Eugene Sh. Finkelshtein and
• Yaroslav V. Kudryavtsev

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 1796–1808, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.195

• MHz (13C NMR); CDCl3 (Aldrich) was used as solvent. Chemical shifts δ were reported in parts per million relative to the residual CHCl3 signal as an internal reference standard. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) thermograms were recorded on a Mettler TA 4000 system at a rate of 10 °C/min under

Thermal properties of ruthenium alkylidene-polymerized dicyclopentadiene

• Yuval Vidavsky,
• Yotam Navon,
• Yakov Ginzburg,
• Moshe Gottlieb and
• N. Gabriel Lemcoff

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 1469–1474, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.159

• Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis of ring opening methatesis polymerization (ROMP) derived polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) revealed an unexpected thermal behavior. A recurring exothermic signal can be observed in the DSC analysis after an elapsed time period. This exothermic signal was found to be

• of 98.9% at polymerization temperatures of 60 °C with the Grubbs first generation catalyst. By carrying out detailed differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analyses Kessler and Mauldin [27] demonstrated a sharp exothermic peak related to the heat of reaction and a final Tg of 164 °C at conversions

• observations. Experimental All commercially available chemicals were of reagent grade quality and used without further purification, unless described. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) data was obtained using a METTLER-TOLEDO DSC 823 and results were evaluated with the STARe software. All experiments

Consequences of the electronic tuning of latent ruthenium-based olefin metathesis catalysts on their reactivity

• Karolina Żukowska,
• Eva Pump,
• Aleksandra E. Pazio,
• Krzysztof Woźniak,
• Luigi Cavallo and
• Christian Slugovc

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 1458–1468, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.158

• . Big symbols: thermogravimetric analysis (TGA); no symbols: differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). trans–cis Isomerization. Synthesis of the ligand precursors. Synthesis of the ruthenium complexes. Possible reaction pathways of 16. Supporting Information Supporting Information File 360: Full

Selected synthetic strategies to cyclophanes

• Sambasivarao Kotha,
• Mukesh E. Shirbhate and
• Gopalkrushna T. Waghule

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 1274–1331, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.142

• synthesized hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene cyclophane 201a–c. They studied their properties by carrying out differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), optical microscopy, wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXD), and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). Tunneling spectroscopy reveals a diode-like behavior which

Synthesis of photoresponsive cholesterol-based azobenzene organogels: dependence on different spacer lengths

• Yuchun Ren,
• Bin Wang and
• Xiuqing Zhang

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 1089–1095, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.122

• spectra were recorded using a spectrophotometer (UV-3600, Shimadzu, Japan). Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was carried out on a thermal analysis (TA) DSC-Q30 in nitrogen at a heating rate of 10 K/min. Synthetic procedures Synthesis of m2–m12. 3β-[(2-hydroxyethyl)oxy]cholest-5-ene (m2) was

• shown in Supporting Information File 1, Figures S1–S4. M3 and M10 have the photochromic properties. Liquid crystal properties of the synthesized compounds The structures of these compounds are shown in Scheme 1. The thermal behaviors of the seven compounds were analyzed by differential scanning

• calorimetry (DSC). The DSC curves of the cholesterol-based supramolecular complexes are shown in Figure 2 and phase transition temperatures are listed in Table 1. The DSC thermogram of M0 presented three peaks at 158, 211 and 249 °C on heating, corresponding to the crystal to crystal transition, crystal to

Inclusion of trans-resveratrol in methylated cyclodextrins: synthesis and solid-state structures

• Lee Trollope,
• Dyanne L. Cruickshank,
• Terence Noonan,
• Susan A. Bourne,
• Milena Sorrenti,
• Laura Catenacci and
• Mino R. Caira

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 3136–3151, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.331

• three crystalline inclusion complexes were also fully characterized by thermal analysis (hot stage microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry). To complement the solid-state data, phase-solubility studies were conducted using a series of CDs (native and variously

• prepare the binary systems. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) indicated that the commercial product melted at Tpeak,m = 266.3(4) °C (Tonset = 265.1(3) °C; ΔHm = 279(2) J g−1) (Figure 2, curve (a)). Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) revealed mass loss only at 275 °C attributable to sample

• a mortar with a pestle, and passed through a 250 μm sieve. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) For the binary systems investigated, temperature and enthalpy values were measured with a Mettler STARe system (Mettler Toledo, Novate Milanese, MI, Italy) equipped

Modification of physical properties of poly(L-lactic acid) by addition of methyl-β-cyclodextrin

• Toshiyuki Suzuki,
• Ayaka Ei,
• Yoshihisa Takada,
• Hiroki Uehara,
• Takeshi Yamanobe and
• Keiko Takahashi

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 2997–3006, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.318

• containing approximately 17% MeCD was drawn to more than 1000% at 60 °C, although PLLA fractured at a strain of less than 100%. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)-Raman in situ measurements also revealed decreases in the glass transition temperature (Tg), cold crystallization temperature (Tc), and

• necessary to acquire information about their thermal properties and structure. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is a very useful method for analyzing the thermal properties such as Tg and cold crystallization temperature (Tc). However, it does not provide details about the structural change. On the

Synthesis and properties of novel star-shaped oligofluorene conjugated systems with BODIPY cores

• Clara Orofino-Pena,
• Diego Cortizo-Lacalle,
• Joseph Cameron,
• Muhammad T. Sajjad,
• Pavlos P. Manousiadis,
• Neil J. Findlay,
• Alexander L. Kanibolotsky,
• Dimali Amarasinghe,
• Peter J. Skabara,
• Tell Tuttle,
• Graham A. Turnbull and
• Ifor D. W. Samuel

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 2704–2714, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.285

• Information File 1). The morphological stability was evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). All of the synthesised compounds were found to be amorphous materials and exhibited reasonably high glass transition temperatures (Tg) (Table 1, Figure S2, Supporting Information File 1). The Tg value

• Perkin-Elmer Thermogravimetric Analyser TGA7 under a constant flow of argon. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) was conducted on a TA Instruments Q1000 with a RC-90 refrigerated cooling unit attached. The calibration was conducted using indium (melt temperature 156.42 °C, ∆Hf 28.42 J/g). The test

Loose-fit polypseudorotaxanes constructed from γ-CDs and PHEMA-PPG-PEG-PPG-PHEMA

• Tao Kong,
• Lin Ye,
• Ai-ying Zhang and
• Zeng-guo Feng

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 2461–2469, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.257

• a Shimadzu IR Prestige-21 FTIR spectrometer at room temperature in the range between 4000 and 500 cm−1, with a resolution of 2 cm−1 and 25 averaged scans. Samples were prepared by mixing with dry KBr powder. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements were run on a SHIMADZU DSC-60

The effect of permodified cyclodextrins encapsulation on the photophysical properties of a polyfluorene with randomly distributed electron-donor and rotaxane electron-acceptor units

• Aurica Farcas,
• Ana-Maria Resmerita,
• Pierre-Henri Aubert,
• Flavian Farcas,
• Iuliana Stoica and
• Anton Airinei

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 2145–2156, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.222

• -rotaxane sample, which hints at a different content of threaded TMS-β-CD or TMS-γ-CD on the copolymer chains (Table 1). The thermal properties of the copolymers were evaluated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results are summarized in Table 1. 4a and 4b

Influence of cyclodextrin on the UCST- and LCST-behavior of poly(2-methacrylamido-caprolactam)-co-(N,N-dimethylacrylamide)

• Alexander Burkhart and
• Helmut Ritter

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 1951–1958, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.203

• measured at room temperature. FTIR spectra were recorded on a Nicolet 6700 FTIR spectrometer equipped with an ATR unit. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was performed using a Mettler Toledo DSC 822 instrument equipped with a sample robot TSO801RO. For calibration, standard tin, indium, and zinc

Copolymerization and terpolymerization of carbon dioxide/propylene oxide/phthalic anhydride using a (salen)Co(III) complex tethering four quaternary ammonium salts

• Jong Yeob Jeon,
• Seong Chan Eo,
• Jobi Kodiyan Varghese and
• Bun Yeoul Lee

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 1787–1795, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.187

• using a Waters Millennium apparatus with polystyrene standards. The Tg data were determined from a second heating at a heating rate of 10 °C/min by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) using a Thermal Analysis Q10 instrument. Typical procedure for PO/PA alternating copolymerizations. A bomb reactor

Aryl substitution of pentacenes

• Andreas R. Waterloo,
• Anna-Chiara Sale,
• Dan Lehnherr,
• Frank Hampel and
• Rik R. Tykwinski

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 1692–1705, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.178

• (vide infra). Thermal analysis The thermal stability of selected aryl pentacenes has been explored by traditional melting point analysis (MPA) in open capillary tubes, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements; the results are summarized in Table 2. TGA

Improving the reactivity of phenylacetylene macrocycles toward topochemical polymerization by side chains modification

• Simon Rondeau-Gagné,
• Jules Roméo Néabo,
• Maxime Daigle,
• Katy Cantin and
• Jean-François Morin

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 1613–1619, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.167

• samples were prepared with PAM1 and PAM2 in cyclohexane at a 10 mg/mL concentration and subjected to differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The DSC analysis was carried out at temperatures ranging from 298 to 223 K. In both cases, a very sharp exotherm attributable to the crystallization of supercooled

The influence of intraannular templates on the liquid crystallinity of shape-persistent macrocycles

• Joscha Vollmeyer,
• Ute Baumeister and
• Sigurd Höger

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 910–920, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.89

• . Phase behavior Thermal properties By means of polarized optical microscopy (POM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) we investigated the thermal properties of the macrocycles 1–4. The transition temperatures are shown in Figure 3 and listed in Table 1. Extraannular substitution It is well known

• scanning calorimetry, optical microscopy and X-ray scattering. It can be assumed that the additional van der Waals interaction between the stretched intraannular alkyl chains stabilize the packing of the rings on top of each other. When the alkyl bridge is longer than the ring interior or when an

• serve during the synthesis as a covalent template. Compounds with branched extraannular side chains exhibit in some cases liquid crystalline phases. Depending on the ring interior, either a nematic (empty interior) or a columnar phase (alkyl template) could be observed, as determined by differential

N-Alkylated dinitrones from isosorbide as cross-linkers for unsaturated bio-based polyesters

• Oliver Goerz and
• Helmut Ritter

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 902–909, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.88

• with an accuracy of ±0.5 ° C in the measuring plate. The control of the thermostat (Haake DC30 or Haake AC 200-G50) was controlled by the software. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements were performed by using a Mettler Toledo DSC 822 controller apparatus in a temperature range between 0