Molecular-level architectural design using benzothiadiazole-based polymers for photovoltaic applications

• Vinila N. Viswanathan,
• Arun D. Rao,
• Upendra K. Pandey,
• Arul Varman Kesavan and
• Praveen C. Ramamurthy

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 863–873, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.87

• levels that are lower than the threshold for air oxidation (approximately −5.2 eV) [40][41] leading to a good ambient stability. The electrochemical band gap of the polymers, P1, P2 and P3 were determined as 1.9 eV, 1.78 eV, and 1.83 eV, respectively. Next, the optical properties of the polymers were

• . Electrochemical and optical properties along with theoretical calculations. Photovoltaic properties of the devices based on polymers P1, P2 and P3. Supporting Information Supporting Information File 82: Experimental details and characterization data. Acknowledgements The authors gratefully acknowledge the

Energy down converting organic fluorophore functionalized mesoporous silica hybrids for monolith-coated light emitting diodes

• Markus Börgardts and
• Thomas J. J. Müller

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 768–778, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.76

• furnishing optima of their solid-state fluorescence quantum yields Φf (Figure 4). The optical properties of the dye-functionalized hybrid materials differ slightly from the properties of their precursor molecules in solution. For all hybrid materials a broad band can be observed in the spectra, which can be

• hybrid materials in comparison to the precursor molecule 8 was previously reported and extensively discussed [24]. Also for perylene-functionalized hybrids a peculiar influence on the optical properties by incorporation into a silica matrix was found. Most striking is the change of the vibrational fine

Fluorescent carbon dots from mono- and polysaccharides: synthesis, properties and applications

• Stephen Hill and
• M. Carmen Galan

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 675–693, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.67

• relevant molecules have become very useful for drug delivery, sensing and catalysis to name just a few applications. As a result, nanomaterials exhibiting novel electronic and optical properties, having controlled size, geometry, surface distribution and functionality have been developed as materials for

Synthesis and optical properties of new 5'-aryl-substituted 2,5-bis(3-decyl-2,2'-bithiophen-5-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazoles

• Anastasia S. Kostyuchenko,
• Tatyana Yu. Zheleznova,
• Anton J. Stasyuk,
• Aleksandra Kurowska,
• Wojciech Domagala,
• Adam Pron and
• Alexander S. Fisyuk

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 313–322, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.34

Interactions between photoacidic 3-hydroxynaphtho[1,2-b]quinolizinium and cucurbit[7]uril: Influence on acidity in the ground and excited state

• Jonas Becher,
• Daria V. Berdnikova,
• Darinka Dzubiel,
• Heiko Ihmels and
• Phil M. Pithan

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 203–212, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.23

• ]quinolizinium was synthesized by cyclodehydration route and its optical properties in different media were investigated. The absorption and emission spectra of this compound depend on the pH of the solution. Thus, at higher pH values the deprotonation yields a merocyanine-type dye that exhibits significantly

• ] hosts with high affinity [6]. In most cases, this complexation strongly affects the chemical or physical properties of the ligand. For example, it was demonstrated that the optical properties of organic dyes may be modified drastically upon complexation in the CB cavity [7]. At the same time, this

A postsynthetically 2’-“clickable” uridine with arabino configuration and its application for fluorescent labeling and imaging of DNA

• Heidi-Kristin Walter,
• Bettina Olshausen,
• Ute Schepers and
• Hans-Achim Wagenknecht

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 127–137, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.16

• show a unique combination of optical properties [25], including suitable brightness and fluorescence quantum yields, large Stokes’ shifts compared to conventionally applied Cy3 and Cy5, and most importantly, excellent photostabilities. D1–D4 were representatively chosen since they will serve as energy

• optical properties (UV–vis absorption and fluorescence, see Supporting Information File 1), fluorescence quantum yields ΦF and melting temperatures Tm (Table 1). The reference duplexes of DNA1a and DNA1r annealed with the unmodified complementary strand showed Tm values of 61.0 °C and 62.0 °C

• contrast C and the fluorescence quantum yield ΦF. This screening revealed that the combination of donor and acceptor dyes does not necessarily yield better optical properties if they are both linked to the arabino-configured nucleoside 2 (compared to the linkage to the ribo-configured nucleoside 1

Effects of solvent additive on “s-shaped” curves in solution-processed small molecule solar cells

• John A. Love,
• Shu-Hua Chou,
• Ye Huang,
• Guilllermo C. Bazan and
• Thuc-Quyen Nguyen

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2016, 12, 2543–2555, doi:10.3762/bjoc.12.249

• counterparts [5][6]. Also of import stands the fact that easily modified, modular structures lead to finely-tunable energy levels and optical properties through molecular design [7][8]. Most high-performing small molecule electron-donor materials are configured such that the conjugated backbone consists of

Sydnone C-4 heteroarylation with an indolizine ring via Chichibabin indolizine synthesis

• Florin Albota,
• Mino R. Caira,
• Constantin Draghici,
• Florea Dumitrascu and
• Denisa E. Dumitrescu

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2016, 12, 2503–2510, doi:10.3762/bjoc.12.245

• its derivatives exhibit remarkable biological activities and optical properties. Indolizine is a privileged structure for the design of new drugs and its framework is present in many natural compounds. As a consequence, the synthesis, chemical, physicochemical and biological properties of indolizines

Comparing blends and blocks: Synthesis of partially fluorinated diblock polythiophene copolymers to investigate the thermal stability of optical and morphological properties

• Pierre Boufflet,
• Sebastian Wood,
• Jessica Wade,
• Zhuping Fei,
• Ji-Seon Kim and
• Martin Heeney

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2016, 12, 2150–2163, doi:10.3762/bjoc.12.205

• that of P3OT (4.70 eV) measured by the same technique [42], while the 1:4 copolymer had an IP of 5.03 eV, which is within experimental error (±0.05 eV) of the IP of F-P3OT (4.99 eV) [42]. To investigate the influence of the block compositions on the optical properties, the UV–visible absorption spectra

Synthesis and characterization of fluorinated azadipyrromethene complexes as acceptors for organic photovoltaics

• Forrest S. Etheridge,
• Roshan J. Fernando,
• Sandra Pejić,
• Matthias Zeller and
• Geneviève Sauvé

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2016, 12, 1925–1938, doi:10.3762/bjoc.12.182

• chelated with zinc(II) and BF2+ and the optical and electrochemical properties were studied. Fluorination had little effect on the optical properties of both the zinc(II) and BF2+ complexes, with λmax in solution around 755 nm and 785 nm, and high molar absorptivities of 100 × 103 M−1cm−1 and 50 × 103 M

• little effect on the optical properties of the BF2+ and zinc(II) chelates, and only had a small effect on the electrochemical properties, with the largest increase in oxidation and reduction potentials of 0.1 V observed for L1 and L4 chelates compared to WS3 chelates. Zinc(II) chelates of L1 and L4 are

• Figure 3. The fluorinated complexes had weight loss profiles similar to each other with a 5% loss between 438 °C and 474 °C, all lower than that of the unfluorinated Zn(WS3)2 at 517 °C. Optical properties Optical studies for the zinc(II) and BF2+ complexes were performed in chloroform solutions and with

Effect of the π-conjugation length on the properties and photovoltaic performance of A–π–D–π–A type oligothiophenes with a 4,8-bis(thienyl)benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene core

• Ni Yin,
• Lilei Wang,
• Yi Lin,
• Jinduo Yi,
• Lingpeng Yan,
• Junyan Dou,
• Hai-Bo Yang,
• Xin Zhao and
• Chang-Qi Ma

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2016, 12, 1788–1797, doi:10.3762/bjoc.12.169

• well in solution. Complete characterization of both the intermediate and the final compounds was performed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR and mass spectrometry (see details in Supporting Information File 1). Optical properties Figure 1 presents the UV–vis absorption spectra of COOP-nHT-TBDTs 1–4 in solution and in

Synthesis and characterization of benzodithiophene and benzotriazole-based polymers for photovoltaic applications

• Desta Gedefaw,
• Marta Tessarolo,
• Margherita Bolognesi,
• Mario Prosa,
• Renee Kroon,
• Wenliu Zhuang,
• Patrik Henriksson,
• Kim Bini,
• Ergang Wang,
• Michele Muccini,
• Mirko Seri and
• Mats R. Andersson

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2016, 12, 1629–1637, doi:10.3762/bjoc.12.160

• ], however the subsequent different organization in the solid state might be the main factor responsible for the observed variation of the HOMO and LUMO energy levels, which is in perfect agreement with the different optical properties. Interestingly, the deep HOMO energies of both polymers would result in

Star-shaped and linear π-conjugated oligomers consisting of a tetrathienoanthracene core and multiple diketopyrrolopyrrole arms for organic solar cells

• Hideaki Komiyama,
• Chihaya Adachi and
• Takuma Yasuda

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2016, 12, 1459–1466, doi:10.3762/bjoc.12.142

• -DPP2, under N2 atmosphere, was determined to be 378 and 380 °C, respectively, suggesting the high thermal stability for these compounds as donor materials. Optical properties The UV–vis absorption spectra of TTA-DPP4 and TTA-DPP2 in chloroform solutions and as-spun thin films are depicted in Figure 4

3,6-Carbazole vs 2,7-carbazole: A comparative study of hole-transporting polymeric materials for inorganic–organic hybrid perovskite solar cells

• Wei Li,
• Munechika Otsuka,
• Takehito Kato,
• Yang Wang,
• Takehiko Mori and
• Tsuyoshi Michinobu

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2016, 12, 1401–1409, doi:10.3762/bjoc.12.134

• properties The UV–vis absorption spectra were employed to evaluate the optical properties of 3,6-Cbz-EDOT and 2,7-Cbz-EDOT. The spectra were measured in CH2Cl2 and in thin films (spin-coated on an ITO glass). The absorption maximum (λmax) of 3,6-Cbz-EDOT in CH2Cl2 was 362 nm, whereas the thin film showed the

Syntheses of dibenzo[d,d']benzo[2,1-b:3,4-b']difuran derivatives and their application to organic field-effect transistors

• Minh Anh Truong and
• Koji Nakano

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2016, 12, 805–812, doi:10.3762/bjoc.12.79

• quantum yield (Φ = 61% in CHCl3 solution). To investigate the structure–property relationship of DBBDFs and DNBDFs, the optical properties of syn-DBBDF 5 and syn-DNBDF 6 were compared with those of anti-DBBDF 3 and anti-DNBDF 4. The UV–vis spectra of anti-DBBDF 3 and anti-DNBDF 4 were reported to show

Synthesis and photophysical characteristics of polyfluorene polyrotaxanes

• Aurica Farcas,
• Giulia Tregnago,
• Ana-Maria Resmerita,
• Pierre-Henri Aubert and
• Franco Cacialli

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 2677–2688, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.288

• standard): Mn = 27900 g·mol−1, Mw/Mn = 1.83. 1H NMR spectrum of the polyrotaxane 3·TM-βCD copolymer in CDCl3. DSC traces on second heating scan of 3, 3·TM-βCD and 3·TM-γCD compounds. Optical properties of 3·TM-γCD (dotted line), 3·TM-βCD (dashed line) and 3 (solid line) polymers: absorption spectra at 10−1

2-Hetaryl-1,3-tropolones based on five-membered nitrogen heterocycles: synthesis, structure and properties

• Yury A. Sayapin,
• Inna O. Tupaeva,
• Alexandra A. Kolodina,
• Eugeny A. Gusakov,
• Vitaly N. Komissarov,
• Igor V. Dorogan,
• Nadezhda I. Makarova,
• Anatoly V. Metelitsa,
• Valery V. Tkachev,
• Sergey M. Aldoshin and
• Vladimir I. Minkin

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 2179–2188, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.236

• -point energy correction (Etot + ZPE, а.u.) and relative energies (ΔE, kcal/mol) of the NH and OH tautomeric forms of compounds 5 and 6 calculated using the PBE0/6-311+G** method in the gas phase and in DMSO solution. Optical properties of 2-(2-alkoxycarbonyl-6-hydroxyphenyl)benzoxazoles 11a–f in heptane

Polythiophene and oligothiophene systems modified by TTF electroactive units for organic electronics

• Alexander L. Kanibolotsky,
• Neil J. Findlay and
• Peter J. Skabara

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 1749–1766, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.191

• properties of 54 (n = 0–2) are shown in Table 4. The optical properties of 54 (n = 0–2) in solution (Table 4) follow a general trend of decreasing the absorption onset, while increasing the conjugation length. The electrochemistry of each H-shaped system 54 (n = 0–2) on the other hand is not so

• = 0–2) containing a central thieno[3,4-d][1,3]dithiole-2-one unit proceeded smoothly, with yields of 77% for n = 0, 82% for n = 1 and 39% for n = 2 (Scheme 14). The oligothiophene half-unit precursors, 55 (n = 0–2), were synthesised following synthetic pathway B. The electrochemical and optical

Star-shaped tetrathiafulvalene oligomers towards the construction of conducting supramolecular assembly

• Masahiko Iyoda and
• Masashi Hasegawa

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 1596–1613, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.175

• nanoobjects based on the self-assembly of TTFs were rapidly advanced, and a large number of functional properties such as electronic, magnetic, and optical properties were recently reported. Based on these developments of nanoscience, the construction of conducting nanoobjects has also been investigated to

New palladium–oxazoline complexes: Synthesis and evaluation of the optical properties and the catalytic power during the oxidation of textile dyes

• Rym Hassani,
• Mahjoub Jabli,
• Yakdhane Kacem,
• Jérôme Marrot,
• Damien Prim and
• Béchir Ben Hassine

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 1175–1186, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.132

• %). The oxazolines were prepared from enantiomerically pure α-aminoalcohols. The structures of the synthesized palladium complexes were confirmed by NMR, FTIR, TOFMS, UV–visible spectroscopic analysis and X–ray diffraction. The optical properties of the complexes were evaluated by the determination of the

• determined. Keywords: aminoalcohols; catalysis; dye decolorization; optical properties; oxazolines; palladium complexes; Introduction Palladium complexes have been used as starting materials to prepare polymers [1], agrochemicals [2], pharmaceuticals [3], flavors and fragrances [4]. They have also been

• PdII ions, leading to the adsorption of dyes. Moreover, the decolorization of the solution by Pd and Pd complexes has also been applied [23]. In this paper, we report the synthesis and characterization of some new palladacycles. Optical properties were determined and the catalytic activity of these

Thiazole-induced rigidification in substituted dithieno-tetrathiafulvalene: the effect of planarisation on charge transport properties

• Rupert G. D. Taylor,
• Joseph Cameron,
• Iain A. Wright,
• Neil Thomson,
• Olena Avramchenko,
• Alexander L. Kanibolotsky,
• Anto R. Inigo,
• Tell Tuttle and
• Peter J. Skabara

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 1148–1154, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.129

• incomplete reaction of all the bromine atoms), and this is attributed to the increased solubility of the intermediates, which in turn increases their statistical likelihood of reacting further. Optical and electrochemical properties The optical properties of TTFs 1 and 2 were analysed by solution state UV

Glycoluril–tetrathiafulvalene molecular clips: on the influence of electronic and spatial properties for binding neutral accepting guests

• Yoann Cotelle,
• Marie Hardouin-Lerouge,
• Stéphanie Legoupy,
• Olivier Alévêque,
• Eric Levillain and
• Piétrick Hudhomme

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 1023–1036, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.115

• supports the graphical representation of the stepwise oxidation of molecular clips 1, 2 and 3 (Scheme 3). Optical and spectroelectrochemical properties The optical properties of oxidized states of molecular clip 1 were monitored by UV–vis–NIR spectroscopy, by successive aliquot addition of NOSbF6 (5 × 10−3

Discrete multiporphyrin pseudorotaxane assemblies from di- and tetravalent porphyrin building blocks

• Mirko Lohse,
• Larissa K. S. von Krbek,
• Sebastian Radunz,
• Suresh Moorthy,
• Christoph A. Schalley and
• Stefan Hecht

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 748–762, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.85

• being a mere spacer and scaffold connecting the binding sites, porphyrins also offer interesting physical and optical properties [51][52]. Therefore, they have played a pivotal role in supramolecular chemistry [53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66], for example as potential candidates

Design, synthesis and photochemical properties of the first examples of iminosugar clusters based on fluorescent cores

• Mathieu L. Lepage,
• Antoine Mirloup,
• Manon Ripoll,
• Fabien Stauffert,
• Anne Bodlenner,
• Raymond Ziessel and
• Philippe Compain

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 659–667, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.74

• state. In addition, they can be easily derivatized [31][32][33][34][35][36][37]. If the optical properties of BODIPY are very sensitive to modification of the pyrrole core [38][39], they are less sensitive to the substitution of the central pseudo meso position [40][41]. Additionally, the fluorine

Trifluoromethyl-substituted tetrathiafulvalenes

• Olivier Jeannin,
• Frédéric Barrière and
• Marc Fourmigué

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 647–658, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.73

• derivatives described here is shown in Figure 1 and demonstrates that the trifluoromethyl group anodic shift observed in the order CO2Me < CF3 < CN correlate well with the σmeta Hammet constant. Optical properties The evolution of the lowest energy absorption bands is also reported for the different TTF

• introduced on the dithiole ring upon substitution with the CN and CO2Me (−M) EWG are not offset by the competing CF3 group, confirming its much weaker mesomeric effect on the conjugated dithiole core. Optical properties and theoretical calculations have shown that the HOMO–LUMO gap is not much modified in