Photoactive nanoarchitectures based on clays incorporating TiO₂ and ZnO nanoparticles

• Eduardo Ruiz-Hitzky,
• Pilar Aranda,
• Marwa Akkari,
• Nithima Khaorapapong and
• Makoto Ogawa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1140–1156, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.114

• for the removal of ammonia from wastewater (Table 1) [161]. Also, TiO2–ZnO@clay nanoarchitectures derived from a smectite (Cloisite®30B) have been also prepared by sol–gel reactions involving the delamination of the silicate. The resulting materials show good photocatalytic activity for the

CuInSe₂ quantum dots grown by molecular beam epitaxy on amorphous SiO₂ surfaces

• Henrique Limborço,
• Pedro M.P. Salomé,
• Rodrigo Ribeiro-Andrade,
• Jennifer P. Teixeira,
• Nicoleta Nicoara,
• Kamal Abderrafi,
• Joaquim P. Leitão,
• Juan C. Gonzalez and
• Sascha Sadewasser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1103–1111, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.110

• passivation layer was deposited on top of the samples. CdS was deposited by conventional chemical bath deposition (CBD) with a solution of 1.1 M ammonia, 0.100 M thiourea, and 0.003 M cadmium acetate [36]. The solution is mixed in a beaker at room temperature, and the samples are immersed into the beaker

Scavenging of reactive oxygen species by phenolic compound-modified maghemite nanoparticles

• Małgorzata Świętek,
• Yi-Chin Lu,
• Rafał Konefał,
• Liliana P. Ferreira,
• M. Margarida Cruz,
• Yunn-Hwa Ma and
• Daniel Horák

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1073–1088, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.108

• functional groups. In this study, magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles were synthetized by coprecipitation of iron(II) chloride and iron(III) chloride with ammonia and subsequently oxidized with hydrogen peroxide under mild acidic conditions. The resulting maghemite (γ-Fe2O3) has the benefit of higher chemical

Synthesis of MnO₂–CuO–Fe₂O₃/CNTs catalysts: low-temperature SCR activity and formation mechanism

• Yanbing Zhang,
• Lihua Liu,
• Yingzan Chen,
• Xianglong Cheng,
• Chengjian Song,
• Mingjie Ding and
• Haipeng Zhao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 848–855, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.85

• reducibility is lower compared with that of 4% MnO2–CuO–Fe2O3/CNTs. Ammonia temperature-programmed desorption analysis The chemisorption and activation of NH3 on the surface acid sites of a catalyst are generally viewed as the primary processes in the SCR of NO. Therefore, ammonia temperature-programmed

Hydrophilicity and carbon chain length effects on the gas sensing properties of chemoresistive, self-assembled monolayer carbon nanotube sensors

• Juan Casanova-Cháfer,
• Carla Bittencourt and
• Eduard Llobet

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 565–577, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.58

• candidates for integration into different types of transducers such as chemoresistors, resonant gravimetric or field effect devices, only to cite a few applications. Bare carbon nanotubes have been employed to detect gases such as nitrogen dioxide [7], ammonia [8], oxygen [9] or ethanol [10]. However

Ceria/polymer nanocontainers for high-performance encapsulation of fluorophores

• Kartheek Katta,
• Dmitry Busko,
• Yuri Avlasevich,
• Katharina Landfester,
• Stanislav Baluschev and
• Rafael Muñoz-Espí

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 522–530, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.53

• , ≥99.0%) acrylic acid (AA, Sigma-Aldrich, 99%), hexadecane (Sigma-Aldrich, 99.0%), tetrahydrofuran (THF, Sigma-Aldrich, ≥99.9%), cerium(III) nitrate hexahydrate (Sigma-Aldrich, 99.99%), sodium hydroxide (Sigma-Aldrich, ≥97.0%), ammonia solution (28% aqueous solution, VWR), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS

• , the pH value of the dispersion was adjusted to pH 10 with a 28% ammonia solution. Then 5 mmol of metal salt per gram of dispersion nanocapsules was added and the dispersion was stirred for 2 h to allow for the binding of cerium ions to the surface of the capsules. Cerium(III) nitrate hexahydrate was

Site-specific growth of oriented ZnO nanocrystal arrays

• Rekha Bai,
• Dinesh K. Pandya,
• Sujeet Chaudhary,
• Veer Dhaka,
• Vladislav Khayrudinov,
• Jori Lemettinen,
• Christoffer Kauppinen and
• Harri Lipsanen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 274–280, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.26

• and trisodium citrate as additional reagents to grow the twinned ZnO NCs. The growth method they adopted involves multiple steps and is quite time consuming as zinc acetate dihydrate and ammonia solution containing citrates is initially kept at 90 °C for one hour in a Teflon-lined autoclave and

Wet chemistry route for the decoration of carbon nanotubes with iron oxide nanoparticles for gas sensing

• Hussam M. Elnabawy,
• Juan Casanova-Chafer,
• Badawi Anis,
• Mostafa Fedawy,
• Mattia Scardamaglia,
• Carla Bittencourt,
• Ahmed S. G. Khalil,
• Eduard Llobet and
• Xavier Vilanova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 105–118, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.10

• CNTs and iron oxide have been also used for sensing ammonia and NOx [22][23]. Among those gases NO2 is considered one of the most dangerous air pollutants occurring both indoors, due to using of gas stoves, and outdoors from fuel powered motor vehicles and power plants especially in long-term exposure

Colloidal chemistry with patchy silica nanoparticles

• Pierre-Etienne Rouet,
• Cyril Chomette,
• Laurent Adumeau,
• Etienne Duguet and
• Serge Ravaine

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2989–2998, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.278

• nanoparticles; valence; Introduction The molecular world is essentially based on the covalent bonding of atoms displaying valences of 1, 2 (sp), 3 (sp2), 4 (sp3) and, to a lesser extent, 5 (sp3d) and 6 (sp3d2). The molecules of water, ammonia and methane, in which the valence orbitals of the central atom adopt

• %), methacryloxypropylyltriethoxysilane (MPS, Aldrich, 98%), (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES, Aldrich, 99%), triethylamine (TEA, Sigma-Aldrich, 99%), sodium persulfate (Sigma-Aldrich, 99%), Symperonic® NP30 (Aldrich), sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS, Sigma-Aldrich, >90%), tetraethoxysilane (TEOS, Sigma-Aldrich, 99%), ammonia (30% in

• under continuous magnetic stirring with a solution of deionized water and ammonia, at a volume ratio of 93.8/5/1.2 for absolute ethanol, water and ammonia, respectively. 18.3 μL of TEOS were added and the reaction mixture was stirred for 12 h at 20 ± 2 °C. Upon completion of the growth of silica shell

Ternary nanocomposites of reduced graphene oxide, polyaniline and hexaniobate: hierarchical architecture and high polaron formation

• Claudio H. B. Silva,
• Maria Iliut,
• Christopher Muryn,
• Christian Berger,
• Zachary Coldrick,
• Vera R. L. Constantino,
• Marcia L. A. Temperini and
• Aravind Vijayaraghavan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2936–2946, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.272

• sonication (less than 10 μm) [34][35][42][43][44][67]. Reduced graphene oxide was prepared by chemical reduction of GO in 0.25 mg·mL−1 dispersions with hydrazine and ammonia solution at 25 °C for 7 days. The resulting rGO dispersion presents suitable stability for the preparation of the nanocomposites. This

Layered calcium phenylphosphonate: a hybrid material for a new generation of nanofillers

• Kateřina Kopecká,
• Ludvík Beneš,
• Klára Melánová,
• Vítězslav Zima,
• Petr Knotek and
• Kateřina Zetková

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2906–2915, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.269

• (PhP), calcium chloride (CaCl2), ammonia solution, propan-2-ol (all Sigma-Aldrich); CHS-EPOXY 520 (Spolchemie, a. s., Czech Republic) – a low molecular weight epoxy resin based on bisphenol A; Jeffamine D230 and Jeffamine D2000 (Huntsman International LLC) – polyether amines were used. BYK 9076 – an

• concentrated aqueous ammonia solution. Then, 50 mL of CaCl2 solution (5.5 g, 5 × 10−2 mol) was added: a) at once (sample denoted as CaPhP_a); b) "drop by drop" (CaPhP_d); and c) in several portions (CaPhP_s). A white precipitate was formed immediately in all cases. Then, the reaction mixture was diluted by 50

• mL of distilled water and stirred at medium speed (≈250 rpm) for 30 minutes. The precipitate formed was collected by filtration, washed with water until neutral pH to remove the remaining ammonia, and dried at room temperature. To obtain a fine powder it was possible to grind dried material in a

Graphene-enhanced metal oxide gas sensors at room temperature: a review

• Dongjin Sun,
• Yifan Luo,
• Marc Debliquy and
• Chao Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2832–2844, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.264

• affected the sensor at low humidity levels. However, the response of the composite sensor increased with increasing humidity at high humidity levels. At low humidity levels, ammonia and water molecules competed for adsorption, which reduces the sensing performance of NH3. As humidity levels increased

• , ammonia adsorbed on the surface of sensor by dissolving into water, leading to the higher response. This is quite different from the usual opinion that sensitivity will decrease at high humidity levels. Zhang et al. [47] synthesized CuO nanoflowers via hydrothermal method, then CuO and rGO were deposited

Improved catalytic combustion of methane using CuO nanobelts with predominantly (001) surfaces

• Qingquan Kong,
• Yichun Yin,
• Bing Xue,
• Yonggang Jin,
• Wei Feng,
• Zhi-Gang Chen,
• Shi Su and
• Chenghua Sun

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2526–2532, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.235

• are needed to improve the thermal stability of such nanostructures as they tend to aggregate after high temperature treatment. Experimental Synthesis of CuO nanowires and nanobelts For a typical sample, 1 g of Cu(NO3)2 was dissolved in 100 mL distilled water and 30 mL ammonia solution (NH3·H2O, 0.15

Droplet-based synthesis of homogeneous magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles

• Christian D. Ahrberg,
• Ji Wook Choi and
• Bong Geun Chung

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2413–2420, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.226

• solution was an aqueous solution of 4 M ammonia (Alfa Aesar, USA). The solutions were separately injected through the two fused silica capillaries of the droplet generator using syringe pumps with identical flowrates. Mineral oil (M5904, Sigma-Aldrich USA) with 0.075 vol % Triton X-100 (Samchun Chemical

• reaction and in our droplet device. In droplet synthesis and in batch synthesis, mixing of the iron chloride precursor solution with the ammonia leads to the immediate formation of a dark brown precipitate. For both methods, the same reagent concentrations and reaction times were chosen. Following both

Electrospun one-dimensional nanostructures: a new horizon for gas sensing materials

• Muhammad Imran,
• Nunzio Motta and
• Mahnaz Shafiei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2128–2170, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.202

• . Furthermore, these sensors exhibit an excellent selectivity to acetone compared to other target gases, including ethanol, acetic acid, dimethylformamide (DMF) and ammonia [11][193]. Cho et al. [190] have synthesized Pt, Cu and La NPs (3–5 nm) to surface functionalize ZnO NFs using protein (apoferrtin (AF

• similar sensitivity to acetone. ZnO–SnO2 hollow NF based sensors show excellent selectivity to ethanol as compared with acetone, ammonia, glacial acetic acid, DMF, and formaldehyde [222]. A ZnO shell grown on SnO2 NFs by a hydrothermal method exhibits a response of 392.29 toward 100 ppm of ethanol at 200

Metal-free catalysis based on nitrogen-doped carbon nanomaterials: a photoelectron spectroscopy point of view

• Mattia Scardamaglia and
• Carla Bittencourt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2015–2031, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.191

• studies on the oxidation of oxalic acid on charcoal containing nitrogen and iron [7]. In 1966, activated carbon, heated at high temperatures in the presence of ammonia, was used in the cathode of a fuel cell showing an enhanced activity for the electrochemical reduction of oxygen [8]. However, a metal

• -synthetic treatments. The most common technique for doping during the synthesis is chemical vapor deposition (CVD), similar to the synthesis of the pristine material [36][69][70], albeit using nitrogen-containing precursors such as benzylamine [71], acetonitrile [72][73], phthalocyanines [74][75] or ammonia

• responsible for the high catalytic performance in the ORR, although they reported a lower efficiency compared to commercial Pt catalysts. Remarkably, Luo and co-workers succeeded to synthesize graphene dope with purely pyridinic N by CVD of hydrogen, ethylene and ammonia on Cu foils [104], with nitrogen

Controllable one-pot synthesis of uniform colloidal TiO₂ particles in a mixed solvent solution for photocatalysis

• Jong Tae Moon,
• Seung Ki Lee and
• Ji Bong Joo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1715–1727, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.163

• particles were prepared via a sol–gel reaction of titanium alkoxide in a mixed solvent solution in the presence of a surfactant and an aqueous ammonia solution. The desired amount of hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC) was dissolved in a solution of ethanol and acetonitrile with different volume ratios under

• vigorous stirring. After completely dissolving the HPC, aqueous ammonia (0.8 mL) was added to the solution. After stirring for 10 min, a solution of tetrabutyl titanate (TBOT) with the desired amount in a mixture of ethanol and acetonitrile was quickly injected into the above solution. The total volume of

Light extraction efficiency enhancement of flip-chip blue light-emitting diodes by anodic aluminum oxide

• Yi-Ru Huang,
• Yao-Ching Chiu,
• Kuan-Chieh Huang,
• Shao-Ying Ting,
• Po-Jui Chiang,
• Chih-Ming Lai,
• Chun-Ping Jen,
• Snow H. Tseng and
• Hsiang-Chen Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1602–1612, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.152

• deposition apparatus. An inductively coupled plasma etcher was used to prepare periodic arrays with a depth of 1.5 μm on the PSS. Trimethylgallium, trimethylindium, ammonia, bicyclopentadienyl magnesium, and silane served as the precursors of Ga, In, N, Mg, and Si, respectively. The epitaxial structure of

Surface characterization of nanoparticles using near-field light scattering

• Eunsoo Yoo,
• Yizhong Liu,
• Chukwuazam A. Nwasike,
• Sebastian R. Freeman,
• Brian C. DiPaolo,
• Bernardo Cordovez and
• Amber L. Doiron

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1228–1238, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.114

• ]. Synthesis of interpolymer complexed (IPC)-SPIOs One mmol FeCl2 was added dropwise to 2 mmol FeCl3 in 50 mL DI water under magnetic stirring [26][52][53][54]. The solution was heated to 80 °C, and 30 mL of 1 M NH4OH solution was added dropwise. After adding ammonia, the mixture was left for 5 h to approach

Surface-plasmon-enhanced ultraviolet emission of Au-decorated ZnO structures for gas sensing and photocatalytic devices

• T. Anh Thu Do,
• Truong Giang Ho,
• Thu Hoai Bui,
• Quang Ngan Pham,
• Hong Thai Giang,
• Thi Thu Do,
• Duc Van Nguyen and
• Dai Lam Tran

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 771–779, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.70

• (MEA) were added into a flask containing water (100 mL). The pH was adjusted with ammonia solution. The substrate had to be placed upright in solution. Synthesis was performed at 90 °C for 3 h, with magnetic stirring, and the final pH was typically 10.8–11. After cooling to room temperature, the sub

A review of carbon-based and non-carbon-based catalyst supports for the selective catalytic reduction of nitric oxide

• Shahreen Binti Izwan Anthonysamy,
• Syahidah Binti Afandi,
• Mehrnoush Khavarian and
• Abdul Rahman Bin Mohamed

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 740–761, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.68

• catalyst supports for nitric oxide (NO) removal through selective catalytic reduction (SCR) with ammonia are examined in this review. A number of carbon-based materials, such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs), activated carbon (AC), and graphene (GR) and non-carbon-based materials, such as Zeolite Socony Mobil–5

• gasoline engines. In the SCR of NO, a reducing agent must be introduced into the system in order to successfully convert NO into nitrogen (N2), inert gases such as ammonia (NH3), and urea [5]. The reaction system reduces the Gibbs free energy values initiated by the reducing agent; the introduction of

• starts by initially dissolving a certain amount of metal chemical forms into a homogenous solution. An ammonia solution is then added gradually to the earlier mixture until the pH reaches 10. Then, the slurry is filtered, washed, and dried overnight in the oven before undergoing the activation procedure

Perovskite-structured CaTiO₃ coupled with g-C₃N₄ as a heterojunction photocatalyst for organic pollutant degradation

• Ashish Kumar,
• Christian Schuerings,
• Suneel Kumar,
• Ajay Kumar and
• Venkata Krishnan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 671–685, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.62

• pollutants from water very effectively. Experimental Materials Both titanium diisopropoxide bis(acetylacetonate) and dicyandiamide were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, India. Calcium nitrate (Ca(NO3)2·4H2O), acrylamide and D-glucose were supplied by MP Biomedicals, India. Ammonia solution (NH3 about 25

• g of glucose and 0.135 mol of acrylamide were successively added with constant stirring. The thus-obtained viscous solution was made up to 100 mL by adding distilled water, and aqueous ammonia was added dropwise to get a final pH of 2. This solution was heated at 70 °C on a hot plate to initiate the

Anchoring Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles in a reduced graphene oxide aerogel matrix via polydopamine coating

• Błażej Scheibe,
• Radosław Mrówczyński,
• Natalia Michalak,
• Karol Załęski,
• Michał Matczak,
• Mateusz Kempiński,
• Zuzanna Pietralik,
• Mikołaj Lewandowski,
• Stefan Jurga and
• Feliks Stobiecki

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 591–601, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.55

• sample was in turn related to ammonia used for magnetite nanoparticle synthesis. The deconvoluted detailed C 1s, O 1s, N 1s and Fe 2p spectra are presented in Figure 6. The positions and concentrations of the fitted peaks are listed in Table S1 in Supporting Information File 1. The C 1s lines were fitted

• ammonia in Fe3O4-containing samples made the identification of the PDA-related nitrogen peaks problematic. The analysis of the iron Fe 2p region indicated the presence of Fe3O4, as the fitted components – corresponding to Fe2+, Fe3+ and satellites – were positioned at the characteristic binding energy

• ≥99.5%, dopamine hydrochloride and ethylenediamine were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich. Hydrochloric acid 35–38%, sulfuric acid 95%, ethanol 99.8%, ethanol 96% and hydrogen peroxide solution 30% were purchased from POCH. Ammonia solution 25% and potassium permanganate were obtained from Chempur and J.T

Colloidal solution of silver nanoparticles for label-free colorimetric sensing of ammonia in aqueous solutions

• Alessandro Buccolieri,
• Antonio Serra,
• Gabriele Giancane and
• Daniela Manno

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 499–507, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.48

• Alessandro Buccolieri Antonio Serra Gabriele Giancane Daniela Manno GFA-Gruppo di Fisica Applicata, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica “E. De Giorgi”, Università del Salento Lecce, Italy 10.3762/bjnano.9.48 Abstract Silver nanoparticles were synthesized in the presence of saccharides and ammonia

• (NH3) in the concentration range from 10−2 to 103 ppm to develop an optical sensor for NH3 in aqueous solutions. Ammonia affects the features of the nanoparticles obtained in a concentration-dependent manner as determined by UV–vis absorption analysis and TEM observations. Structural and morphological

• analysis provides the basis for the production of a colorimetric label-free sensor for ammonia. Overall, surface plasmon resonance increases when ammonia concentration rises, although the functional trend is not the same over the entire investigated ammonia concentration range. Three different ranges have

BN/Ag hybrid nanomaterials with petal-like surfaces as catalysts and antibacterial agents

• Konstantin L. Firestein,
• Denis V. Leybo,
• Alexander E. Steinman,
• Andrey M. Kovalskii,
• Andrei T. Matveev,
• Anton M. Manakhov,
• Irina V. Sukhorukova,
• Pavel V. Slukin,
• Nadezda K. Fursova,
• Sergey G. Ignatov,
• Dmitri V. Golberg and
• Dmitry V. Shtansky

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 250–261, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.27

• effect against E. coli K-261. Experimental Synthesis of BN NPs and BN/Ag hybrid nanomaterials Raw BN NPs were produced using a boron oxide CVD process from a mixture of FeO, MgO, and B powders (a weight ratio 150:28:75) via a reaction of boron oxide vapour and flowing ammonia in the vertical induction