Electrostatic pull-in application in flexible devices: A review

• Teng Cai,
• Yuming Fang,
• Yingli Fang,
• Ruozhou Li,
• Ying Yu and
• Mingyang Huang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 390–403, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.32

• small voltage and controlling the airflow between the two cavities. The system can also be used for molecular sieving of gases and the aspiration and dispensing of liquids by introducing pores in the graphene membranes. NEM physical unclonable functions Just as NEM switches use the pull-in instability

A comprehensive review on electrospun nanohybrid membranes for wastewater treatment

• Senuri Kumarage,
• Imalka Munaweera and
• Nilwala Kottegoda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 137–159, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.10

Sputtering onto liquids: a critical review

• Anastasiya Sergievskaya,
• Adrien Chauvin and
• Stephanos Konstantinidis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 10–53, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.2

• , Czech Republic 10.3762/bjnano.13.2 Abstract Sputter deposition of atoms onto liquid substrates aims at producing colloidal dispersions of small monodisperse ultrapure nanoparticles (NPs). Since sputtering onto liquids combines the advantages of the physical vapor deposition technique and classical

• overview of the properties and applications of the produced NPs. Keywords: low-pressure plasmas; magnetron; nanoparticles; nanoparticle formation; sputtering; sputtering onto liquids; Introduction According to the general terminology, nanoparticles (NPs) are objects that have a size of less than 100 nm

• in the production chain that might cause detrimental issues, for example, NP aggregation. In this respect, low-pressure plasma-based sputtering onto liquids (SoL) is a relatively new synthetic approach in which the purification step can be avoided. This technique is based on the sputtering of

Electrical, electrochemical and structural studies of a chlorine-derived ionic liquid-based polymer gel electrolyte

• Ashish Gupta,
• Amrita Jain,
• Manju Kumari and
• Santosh K. Tripathi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1252–1261, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.92

• techniques, such as the addition of ionic liquids (ILs) with low viscosity and high dielectric constant values or some suitable fillers have been used by the research community to increase the ionic conductivity of polymer electrolytes [6][7]. As mentioned above, one way to increase the ionic conductivity is

A review on slip boundary conditions at the nanoscale: recent development and applications

• Ruifei Wang,
• Jin Chai,
• Bobo Luo,
• Xiong Liu,
• Jianting Zhang,
• Min Wu,
• Mingdan Wei and
• Zhuanyue Ma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1237–1251, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.91

• boundary conditions [10][11][12][13][14][15]. For example, many studies have shown that on hydrophobic surfaces, roughness may lead to a transition to a superhydrophobic state, significantly lowering the ability of liquid drops to stick. In other words, liquids can easily slip along such solid surfaces and

• potential applications in many areas of applied science and engineering [16][17][18][19][20][21]. In the field of nanofluidics, probing flow boundary conditions for nanoconfined liquids contributes to the deep understanding of the nature of nanohydrodynamics, which is the theoretical basis for the design

• conversion from 3 to 70% [23]. Generally, the methods to investigate slip boundary conditions for nanoconfined liquids include theoretical analysis, physical experiments, and numerical simulations [8][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34]. In recent years, machine learning methods have also been

The role of deep eutectic solvents and carrageenan in synthesizing biocompatible anisotropic metal nanoparticles

• Nabojit Das,
• Akash Kumar and
• Raja Gopal Rayavarapu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 924–938, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.69

• nanomaterials in CO2 mitigation and climate change control [20][21][22]. Several other studies reported novel environmental remediation approaches based on nanomaterials [23][24]. Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are a class of nascent sustainable, non-aqueous solvents, comparable to room-temperature ionic liquids

Comprehensive review on ultrasound-responsive theranostic nanomaterials: mechanisms, structures and medical applications

• Sepand Tehrani Fateh,
• Lida Moradi,
• Elmira Kohan,
• Michael R. Hamblin and
• Amin Shiralizadeh Dezfuli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 808–862, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.64

• become subjected to cavitation, thus promoting cellular uptake and delivery of entrapped drug/agents into the desired area [127]. Acoustic droplet vaporization has been carried out with many liquids whose boiling points are close to the body temperature. Fluorocarbons, especially perfluorocarbons (PFCs

Reducing molecular simulation time for AFM images based on super-resolution methods

• Zhipeng Dou,
• Jianqiang Qian,
• Yingzi Li,
• Rui Lin,
• Jianhai Wang,
• Peng Cheng and
• Zeyu Xu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 775–785, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.61

• , study the factors affecting resolution [16][17][18][19][20][21][22], and establish an appropriate simulation methodology for the explanation of complex imaging mechanism in liquids [23][24][25]. Besides, there has been a recent flurry of researches applying machine learning to AFM, including predicting

Nickel nanoparticle-decorated reduced graphene oxide/WO₃ nanocomposite – a promising candidate for gas sensing

• Ilka Simon,
• Alexandr Savitsky,
• Rolf Mülhaupt,
• Vladimir Pankov and
• Christoph Janiak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 343–353, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.28

• can be easily synthesized from the precursor material bis(1,5-cyclooctadiene)nickel(0) (Ni(COD)2) in different ionic liquids without any additional stabilizing or reducing agents [46]. Ionic liquids have the ability to exfoliate graphene oxide into single sheets. Thus, a higher surface area can be

• achieved [47]. Thermally reduced graphene oxide was tested before with different metals in ionic liquids [48][49]. The decoration of nanoparticles on rGO can be achieved in situ or by mixing previously prepared solutions [50]. Here, we chose the ionic liquid [BMIm][NTf2] for an in situ microwave

Fusion of purple membranes triggered by immobilization on carbon nanomembranes

• René Riedel,
• Natalie Frese,
• Fang Yang,
• Martin Wortmann,
• Raphael Dalpke,
• Daniel Rhinow,
• Norbert Hampp and
• Armin Gölzhäuser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 93–101, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.8

• -standing, large-area PM monolayer remains challenging. Previous approaches for the oriented assembly of PM were based on solid supports [8][29][30] or interfaces between liquids [31][32]. Other approaches, by implementing transmembrane proteins such as BR in lipid bilayers, have so far been used only to

Bio-imaging with the helium-ion microscope: A review

• Matthias Schmidt,
• James M. Byrne and
• Ilari J. Maasilta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1–23, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.1

• alternative approach to the fixation, dehydration, drying, and even coating stages outlined above is to apply ionic liquids during sample preparation. Ionic liquids are organic salts with low melting points which are fluid at room temperature. They are persistent as liquids under the high-vacuum conditions of

• a typical electron microscope and exhibit conductive properties. This means that samples can be immersed in an ionic liquid, for 10–600 s, blotted, loaded onto a sample holder, and then imaged [68]. Compared to other preparation techniques, the preparation time using ionic liquids is extremely short

Antimicrobial metal-based nanoparticles: a review on their synthesis, types and antimicrobial action

• Matías Guerrero Correa,
• Fernanda B. Martínez,
• Cristian Patiño Vidal,
• Camilo Streitt,
• Juan Escrig and
• Carol Lopez de Dicastillo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1450–1469, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.129

• , morphology, and size. This antimicrobial activity can be used in numerous sectors, such as textile, animal, or antimicrobial packaging industries. In the latter, NPs are used to inhibit and control microbial growth, resist against the penetration of liquids or gases, retain moisture, and maintain packaged

Wafer-level integration of self-aligned high aspect ratio silicon 3D structures using the MACE method with Au, Pd, Pt, Cu, and Ir

• Mathias Franz,
• Romy Junghans,
• Paul Schmitt,
• Adriana Szeghalmi and
• Stefan E. Schulz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1439–1449, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.128

• bundle is larger than the elastic force [26]. This bundling effect is the main limiting factor of this integration scheme. To overcome this issue, one can use liquids with low surface tension or supercritical CO2 [27]. However, this would increase complexity and cost of the process significantly

Magnetohydrodynamic stagnation point on a Casson nanofluid flow over a radially stretching sheet

• Ganji Narender,
• Kamatam Govardhan and
• Gobburu Sreedhar Sarma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1303–1315, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.114

• magnetic properties of electrically conducting fluids are studied is called magnetohydrodynamics (MHD). Magnetic fluids, liquids, metals and mixtures containing water, salt and other electrolytes are examples of materials that can be investigated via MHD. Hannes Alfen was the first to introduce the term

Microwave-induced electric discharges on metal particles for the synthesis of inorganic nanomaterials under solvent-free conditions

• Vijay Tripathi,
• Harit Kumar,
• Anubhav Agarwal and
• Leela S. Panchakarla

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1019–1025, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.86

• local temperatures are very high, metal fluorides and sulfides melt and fill the nanotubes via capillary forces. The liquids solidify as one-dimensional nanorods inside the nanotubes. The usage of g-C3N4, instead of graphite, was found to be beneficial, especially for obtaining high yields of nanorods

Effect of magnetic field, heat generation and absorption on nanofluid flow over a nonlinear stretching sheet

• Santoshi Misra and
• Govardhan Kamatam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 976–990, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.82

• positive, there is heat generation across the flow, which enhances the thermal boundary layer thickness. Two-dimensional coordinate system and fluid flow mechanism of a nanoparticle suspension. Influence of the slip parameter for liquids ξ on the streamwise velocity component f´(η) when n = 2.0, M = 0.0, Q

• = 0.0, Pr = 2.0, Nb = Nt = 0.5, Le = 5.0, and Fw = 0.2. Influence of the slip parameter for liquids ξ on the temperature distribution θ(η) when n = 2.0, M = 0.0, Q = 0.0, Pr = 2.0, Nb = Nt = 0.5, Le = 5.0, and Fw = 0.2. Influence of the slip parameter for liquids ξ on the concentration distribution ϕ(η

Soybean-derived blue photoluminescent carbon dots

• Shanshan Wang,
• Wei Sun,
• Dong-sheng Yang and
• Fuqian Yang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 606–619, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.48

• synthesized from glassy carbon [16], graphite [26], polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) [27], and a graphite–cement mixture [6] via LAL in various liquids. In general, there are three major mechanisms contributing to the photoluminescence (PL) of CDs: 1) size-dependent bandgap (quantum confinement), 2) surface

Preparation and in vivo evaluation of glyco-gold nanoparticles carrying synthetic mycobacterial hexaarabinofuranoside

• Gennady L. Burygin,
• Polina I. Abronina,
• Nikita M. Podvalnyy,
• Sergey A. Staroverov,
• Leonid O. Kononov and
• Lev A. Dykman

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 480–493, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.39

• obtained through holding the grid near an incandescent lamp for 2 min. The excess of the liquids was removed by touching the grid to a strip of the filter paper. The grid was washed by a drop of deionized water, dried and then analyzed by TEM. According to TEM data, the prepared Ara6-GNPs 3 and 4 had the

An advanced structural characterization of templated meso-macroporous carbon monoliths by small- and wide-angle scattering techniques

• Felix M. Badaczewski,
• Marc O. Loeh,
• Torben Pfaff,
• Dirk Wallacher,
• Daniel Clemens and
• Bernd M. Smarsly

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 310–322, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.23

• carbonate [60], propylene carbonate [61] and ionic liquids [1] in contrast to argon. Furthermore, the adsorption of xylene isomers is an important step for synthesizing polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) [62]. Moreover, Ar physisorption measurements are conducted at 87 K

Integration of sharp silicon nitride tips into high-speed SU8 cantilevers in a batch fabrication process

• Nahid Hosseini,
• Matthias Neuenschwander,
• Oliver Peric,
• Santiago H. Andany,
• Jonathan D. Adams and
• Georg E. Fantner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2357–2363, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.226

• parasitic resonance peaks in the cantilever tune, which is well known for tapping-mode AFM in low-Q environments such as liquids. As with imaging in fluids, acquiring a thermal tune prior to the mechanical tune helps to find the correct resonance peak to use. The poor mechanical tune caused by the low Q

Dynamics of superparamagnetic nanoparticles in viscous liquids in rotating magnetic fields

• Nikolai A. Usov,
• Ruslan A. Rytov and
• Vasiliy A. Bautin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2294–2303, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.221

• . It is important to note that for sufficiently large particle diameters the SAR in RMFs is approximately two times larger than that in AMFs. It is worth mentioning that liquids with suspended particles of average size of the order of or less than 100 nm belong to the interesting class of nanofluids

• different magnetic anisotropy constants and in liquids of different viscosities. As Figure 5a shows, with a slight decrease in the magnetic anisotropy constant the dependence of the SAR on the average nanoparticle diameter does not change appreciably, whereas the SAR maximum shifts to larger particle

• diameters. Figure 5b shows the dependence of the SAR on the average diameter of nanoparticles in liquids of various viscosities. One can see in this figure that the range of optimal particle diameters varies little in the range of η = 0.01–0.1 g/(cm·s), but the SAR decreases with increasing viscosity

Microfluidics as tool to prepare size-tunable PLGA nanoparticles with high curcumin encapsulation for efficient mucus penetration

• Nashrawan Lababidi,
• Valentin Sigal,
• Aljoscha Koenneke,
• Konrad Schwarzkopf,
• Andreas Manz and
• Marc Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2280–2293, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.220

• of PLGA in 1 mL ACN was pumped into the middle channel using another syringe pump (Multi Programmable Syringe Pump, Sarasota, USA). The flow rate ratios (FRR) of the two phases were varied from (0.05 up 1). The two liquids were brought together in the mixing channel and the PLGA started to

BergaCare SmartLipids: commercial lipophilic active concentrates for improved performance of dermal products

• Florence Olechowski,
• Rainer H. Müller and
• Sung Min Pyo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2152–2162, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.208

• Electronic GmbH, Germany) [26]. The probe determines the dielectric constant, D, of the skin through a condenser in the probe. An insulator medium in the condenser reduces the measured D value. For example, D is 0 for a complete insulator (vacuum), about 5 for lipids and organic liquids, and 80 for pure

Nanostructured and oriented metal–organic framework films enabling extreme surface wetting properties

• Andre Mähringer,
• Julian M. Rotter and
• Dana D. Medina

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1994–2003, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.196

• good basis for understanding their growth behavior and morphology. To assess the wetting properties of Ni- and Co-CAT-1, we investigated the interaction of the bulk materials pressed as compact pellets with different polar and apolar liquids. For this purpose, we synthesized M-CAT-1 bulk materials

• ). To establish these MOF films as superoleophobic surfaces applicable to a wide range of oils, we examined the interactions of other high-density oils with the oriented and nanostructured MOF surfaces. For this purpose, we determined the underwater OCA for different chlorinated liquids, such as

• MOF films efficiently repel a large variety of oily liquids, hence constituting an intriguing platform for underwater superoleophobic properties. Since MOFs are crystalline materials featuring crystal facets with distinct surface energies, the orientation of these crystallites on a surface is expected

Preservation of rutin nanosuspensions without the use of preservatives

• Pascal L. Stahr and
• Cornelia M. Keck

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1902–1913, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.185

• upon the production with high-pressure homogenization, which is a well-described technique to reduce the number of bacteria in liquids [26]. The growth of microorganisms during storage was temperature-dependent and was also found to be slightly influenced by the type of stabilizer, i.e., a slightly