Imaging the surface potential at the steps on the rutile TiO₂(110) surface by Kelvin probe force microscopy

• Masato Miyazaki,
• Huan Fei Wen,
• Quanzhen Zhang,
• Yuuki Adachi,
• Jan Brndiar,
• Ivan Štich,
• Yan Jun Li and
• Yasuhiro Sugawara

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1228–1236, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.122

• steps running along the [001], , and directions were observed [32][33][34][35], as shown in Figure 1. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations have provided the step configurations and their relative stabilities [36][37][38]. The steps have two types of structures: steps terminated with bridging

Playing with covalent triazine framework tiles for improved CO₂ adsorption properties and catalytic performance

• Giulia Tuci,
• Andree Iemhoff,
• Housseinou Ba,
• Lapo Luconi,
• Andrea Rossin,
• Vasiliki Papaefthimiou,
• Regina Palkovits,
• Jens Artz,
• Cuong Pham-Huu and
• Giuliano Giambastiani

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1217–1227, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.121

• calculated via Micro-Active (version 1.01) using the density functional theory (DFT) N2 model for slit geometry at optimal goodness of fit vs regularization (0.01) values for both RMS error of fit and roughness of distribution. The cumulative pore volume at the pore width of 2 nm was used to determine the

Green fabrication of lanthanide-doped hydroxide-based phosphors: Y(OH)₃:Eu³⁺ nanoparticles for white light generation

• Tugrul Guner,
• Anilcan Kus,
• Mehmet Ozcan,
• Aziz Genc,
• Hasan Sahin and
• Mustafa M. Demir

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1200–1210, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.119

• electronic properties of Y(OH)3 crystals, density functional theory-based calculations were also performed using the projector augmented wave (PAW) potentials as implemented in the Vienna ab initio simulation package (VASP) [44][45][46][47]. For the exchange-correlation part of the functional, the

Pure and mixed ordered monolayers of tetracyano-2,6-naphthoquinodimethane and hexathiapentacene on the Ag(100) surface

• Robert Harbers,
• Timo Heepenstrick,
• Dmitrii F. Perepichka and
• Moritz Sokolowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1188–1199, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.118

• structure is very similar to that formed by TTT and TNAP on the Au(111) surface [17]. We propose that the charge transfer from the TTT and the HTPEN to the TNAP is thus also similar. For TTT and TNAP the details were derived from density functional theory calculations in ref. [17]. In addition, the mixed

Synthesis and characterization of quaternary La(Sr)S–TaS₂ misfit-layered nanotubes

• Marco Serra,
• Erumpukuthickal Ashokkumar Anumol,
• Dalit Stolovas,
• Iddo Pinkas,
• Ernesto Joselevich,
• Reshef Tenne,
• Andrey Enyashin and
• Francis Leonard Deepak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1112–1124, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.111

• spectroscopy. Density functional theory calculations were carried out to support the experimental observations. Keywords: aberration-corrected STEM; DFT; misfit-layered compounds; nanotubes; Raman spectroscopy; Introduction Since their discovery in 1992 [1], inorganic nanotubes (INTs) have attracted the

• Sr content was undertaken. In particular, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy served as the main experimental tools to analyze these new nanotubes. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were used to study the chemical bonding and the stability of the SrxLa1

• calculations were performed within the framework of the density-functional theory (DFT) using the SIESTA 4.0 implementation [48][49]. The Perdew–Burke–Ernzerhof (PBE) parametrization of the exchange-correlation potential within the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) was used. The core electrons were

Glucose-derived carbon materials with tailored properties as electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction

• Rafael Gomes Morais,
• Natalia Rey-Raap,
• José Luís Figueiredo and
• Manuel Fernando Ribeiro Pereira

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1089–1102, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.109

• the response of the electrocatalyst towards the oxygen reduction reaction. Results and Discussion Effect of microporosity The nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherms and the pore size distributions obtained by applying the quenched solid density functional theory (QSDFT) are presented in Figure 1a

Electronic properties of several two dimensional halides from ab initio calculations

• Mohamed Barhoumi,
• Ali Abboud,
• Lamjed Debbichi,
• Moncef Said,
• Torbjörn Björkman,
• Dario Rocca and
• Sébastien Lebègue

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 823–832, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.82

• Technology (KAIST), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Korea Physics/Department of Natural Sciences, Åbo Akademi University, Porthansgatan 3, 20500 Turku, Finland 10.3762/bjnano.10.82 Abstract Using density functional theory, we study the electronic properties of several halide monolayers. We show that their

• with density functional theory (DFT) [27] were conducted to study the physical and chemical properties of bulk BiOX compounds as a complement to experiments [28]. In 2006, Zhang et al. [17] calculated the electronic structure of bulk BiOCl with the tight-binding linear muffin-tin orbital (TB-LMTO) code

• detailed electronic properties were not studied. In the present work, using density functional theory, we investigate the structural, vibrational and electronic properties of several 2D halide compounds such as the bromides (XOBr and X′FBr with X = Ac, Bi; X′ = Ba, Ca), the fluorides (XOF with X = Cr, Ga

Trapping polysulfide on two-dimensional molybdenum disulfide for Li–S batteries through phase selection with optimized binding

• Sha Dong,
• Xiaoli Sun and
• Zhiguo Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 774–780, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.77

• batteries has been demonstrated as an effective way to overcome the shuttle effect and enhance the cycling stability. In this work, the anchoring effects of 2H-MoS2 and 1T'-MoS2 monolayers for Li–S batteries were investigated by using density functional theory calculations. It was found that the binding

• greatly improved the performance of Li–S batteries [22]. MoS2 has been used as anchoring material for LPSs to enhance the performance of Li–S batteries, when it is embedded into a sulfur-rich matrix cathode [23]. However, density functional theory (DFT) calculations showed that the LPSs are weakly bound

A carrier velocity model for electrical detection of gas molecules

• Ali Hosseingholi Pourasl,
• Sharifah Hafizah Syed Ariffin,
• Mohammad Taghi Ahmadi,
• Razali Ismail and
• Niayesh Gharaei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 644–653, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.64

• Atomistix Toolkit (ATK) is performed, which is based on density functional theory (DFT) and non-equilibrium Green's function formalism. The physical properties of the GNRs are dependent on the width and edge shape of the ribbons. Figure 3 illustrates the schematic of a field effect transistor using an 8

Mo-doped boron nitride monolayer as a promising single-atom electrocatalyst for CO₂ conversion

• Qianyi Cui,
• Gangqiang Qin,
• Weihua Wang,
• Lixiang Sun,
• Aijun Du and
• Qiao Sun

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 540–548, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.55

• ), including Sc to Zn, Mo, Ru, Rh, Pd and Ag, supported on a boron nitride (BN) monolayer with boron vacancies, were investigated as electrocatalysts for the CO2 reduction reaction (CRR) using comprehensive density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The results demonstrate that a single-Mo-atom-doped boron

• ambient conditions. Keywords: boron nitride monolayer; CO2 conversion; density functional theory; single-atom electrocatalyst; Introduction In the past decades, considerable carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere due to large-scale anthropogenic industrial manufacturing have resulted in global

• (TM = Sc to Zn, Mo, Rh, Ru, Pd and Ag) anchored on the boron vacancy in a BN monolayer as electrocatalysts for CO2 conversion through comprehensive density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Based on the calculated results, single Mo doped onto a BN (Mo-doped BN) monolayer was selected as the

Polymorphic self-assembly of pyrazine-based tectons at the solution–solid interface

• Achintya Jana,
• Puneet Mishra and
• Neeladri Das

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 494–499, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.50

• recent density functional theory calculations indicated that for molecules with pyridine pendants on HOPG substrates, the molecule–substrate interaction energy can become comparable or even exceed the intermolecular interaction energy [24]. Although the molecular surface densities for the two polymorphs

Temperature-dependent Raman spectroscopy and sensor applications of PtSe₂ nanosheets synthesized by wet chemistry

• Mahendra S. Pawar and
• Dattatray J. Late

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 467–474, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.46

• date due to difficulties in synthesis. It is well known that bulk PtSe2 is a semimetal in nature with a nearly zero band gap [18][19]. With the help of theoretical calculations such as density functional theory (DFT) and local-density approximations (LDAs), it has been observed that bulk PtSe2 shows a

Improving control of carbide-derived carbon microstructure by immobilization of a transition-metal catalyst within the shell of carbide/carbon core–shell structures

• Teguh Ariyanto,
• Jan Glaesel,
• Andreas Kern,
• Gui-Rong Zhang and
• Bastian J. M. Etzold

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 419–427, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.41

• mass of the non-porous carbide core [15]. According to the IUPAC classification, the isotherm can be classified as type Ia suggesting a highly (ultra-)microporous material [27]. The pore size distribution (PSD) of the material was evaluated by using the quenched solid density functional theory (QSDFT

• evaluated from the sorption-isotherm data by using quenched solid density functional theory (QSDFT) equilibrium models for carbon with slit-shaped pores [33] provided by the QuadraWin 5.04 software (Quantachrome Instruments, USA). Temperature-programmed oxidation measurements (TPO) of the carbon materials

Nitrous oxide as an effective AFM tip functionalization: a comparative study

• Taras Chutora,
• Bruno de la Torre,
• Pingo Mutombo,
• Jack Hellerstedt,
• Jaromír Kopeček,
• Pavel Jelínek and
• Martin Švec

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 315–321, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.30

• characterize the adsorption of the N2O species on Au(111) by means of atomic force microscopy with CO-functionalized tips and density functional theory (DFT) simulations. Subsequently we devise a method of attaching a single N2O to a metal tip apex and benchmark its high-resolution imaging and spectroscopic

• coating with Au. Experimental data were analyzed using WSxM software [40]; all models were visualized using Vesta software [41]. DFT calculations We performed density functional theory calculations using the FHI-AIMS code [42] to study the interaction of N2O with the Au(111) surface. We have used a 6 × 6

pH-mediated control over the mesostructure of ordered mesoporous materials templated by polyion complex micelles

• Emilie Molina,
• Mélody Mathonnat,
• Jason Richard,
• Patrick Lacroix-Desmazes,
• Martin In,
• Philippe Dieudonné,
• Thomas Cacciaguerra,
• Corine Gérardin and
• Nathalie Marcotte

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 144–156, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.14

• cylindrical pores was determined from the adsorption branch using the nonlocal density functional theory (NLDFT) model [32] and the width of slit-shaped pores was estimated from the desorption branch using the method of Broekhoff and de Boer [33]. The structural properties were studied by small angle X-ray

New micro/mesoporous nanocomposite material from low-cost sources for the efficient removal of aromatic and pathogenic pollutants from water

• Emmanuel I. Unuabonah,
• Robert Nöske,
• Jens Weber,
• Christina Günter and
• Andreas Taubert

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 119–131, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.11

• 150 °C for 20 h prior to analysis. The surface areas were calculated either by the single-point or multipoint Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) method [24]. The pore size distributions were calculated using the quenched solid density functional theory (QSDFT) methodology (part of the QuadraWin 5.05

• (PSDM) and constant pattern homogeneous surface diffusion model (CPHSDM) modelling using AdDesignS software. Supporting Information The Supporting Information contains additional information on the specific surface area analysis using the quenched solid density functional theory, the raw data for

Improved catalytic combustion of methane using CuO nanobelts with predominantly (001) surfaces

• Qingquan Kong,
• Yichun Yin,
• Bing Xue,
• Yonggang Jin,
• Wei Feng,
• Zhi-Gang Chen,
• Shi Su and
• Chenghua Sun

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2526–2532, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.235

• adsorption and oxidation. Keywords: catalytic oxidation; copper oxide; density functional theory; methane; Introduction Methane (CH4), as the main component of natural gas, offers significant environmental advantages over conventional gasoline and diesel [1][2][3]. However, its thermal combustion is often

• , CuO surfaces with low indexes (including (110), (111), (101), (010), (011) and (001)) have been systematically screened under the scheme of density functional theory. The stability of these surfaces has been reported earlier as (010) > (011) > (100) > (101) > (110) > (001) [21], according to which 001

Surface energy of nanoparticles – influence of particle size and structure

• Dieter Vollath,
• Franz Dieter Fischer and
• David Holec

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2265–2276, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.211

• that, except for the hydrogen atom, exact solutions of this equation do not exist. Therefore, a large number of methods for numerical solutions have been developed. Most successful are calculations based on density functional theory (DFT). This kind of modelling has some restrictions, i.e., the

• application of this computational strategy can be found in papers from Medasani et al. [49][58][59]. Figure 16 displays the results for calculations of the surface energy of silver particles [49][58]. (The abbreviation DFT-GGA stands for density functional theory using a generalized gradient approximation

Intrinsic ultrasmall nanoscale silicon turns n-/p-type with SiO₂/Si₃N₄-coating

• Dirk König,
• Daniel Hiller,
• Noël Wilck,
• Birger Berghoff,
• Merlin Müller,
• Sangeeta Thakur,
• Giovanni Di Santo,
• Luca Petaccia,
• Joachim Mayer,
• Sean Smith and
• Joachim Knoch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2255–2264, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.210

• Moore’s law to reach the Si-crystallization limit of ca. 1.5 nm [15]. In our present work, we prove by hybrid-density functional theory (h-DFT) simulations and synchrotron-based long-term ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) that usn-Si indeed can have a massive ΔE of their electronic density of

Lead-free hybrid perovskites for photovoltaics

• Oleksandr Stroyuk

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2209–2235, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.207

• ]. Calculations by the density functional theory (DFT) indicated that a partial substitution of Cs+ with Rb+ should considerably increase the stability of CsSnI3 [117]. To avoid a partial conversion of Sn2+ into Sn4+, the latter acting as charge carrier traps in ASnX3 HPs, it was suggested to deposit the

Metal-free catalysis based on nitrogen-doped carbon nanomaterials: a photoelectron spectroscopy point of view

• Mattia Scardamaglia and
• Carla Bittencourt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2015–2031, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.191

• molecular dynamics combined with analytical potential and density functional theory methods, Lehtinen et al. reported on the influence of the ion kinetic energy and mass on the probability of defect formation during irradiation of suspended graphene sheets and single-walled CNTs [86]. Being proportional to

Recent highlights in nanoscale and mesoscale friction

• Andrea Vanossi,
• Dirk Dietzel,
• Andre Schirmeisen,
• Ernst Meyer,
• Rémy Pawlak,
• Thilo Glatzel,
• Marcin Kisiel,
• Shigeki Kawai and
• Nicola Manini

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1995–2014, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.190

• spring dictating the friction response. Using the Prandtl–Tomlinson model parameterized using density-functional theory calculations including the internal degrees of freedom of the molecule and its interactions with the underlying surface, the friction patterns were numerically reproduced as a result of

Improving the catalytic activity for hydrogen evolution of monolayered SnSe_2(1−x)S_2x by mechanical strain

• Sha Dong and
• Zhiguo Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1820–1827, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.173

• activity of the SnSe2(1-x)S2x monolayer. Keywords: density functional theory (DFT); electronic properties; hydrogen evolution reaction; mechanical strain; SnSe2(1−x)S2x monolayer; Introduction Hydrogen is a clean energy source with outstanding properties such as high specific energy per mass, easy

• . In this work, the electronic properties and catalytic behaviour for HER of SnSe2(1−x)S2x (x = 0, 0.125, 0.25, 0.375, 0.5, 0.625, 0.750, 0.875 and 1.0) monolayers were investigated by density functional theory (DFT). It was shown that band gap and catalytic activity of these alloys can be continuously

• functional theory (DFT) computations. The results showed SnSe2(1−x)S2x alloys with continuously changing bandgaps from 0.8 eV for SnSe2 to 1.59 eV for SnS2. The band structure of a SnSe2(1−x)S2x monolayer can be further tuned by applied compressive and tensile strain. Moreover, tensile strain provides a

Uniform cobalt nanoparticles embedded in hexagonal mesoporous nanoplates as a magnetically separable, recyclable adsorbent

• Can Zhao,
• Yuexiao Song,
• Tianyu Xiang,
• Wenxiu Qu,
• Shuo Lou,
• Xiaohong Yin and
• Feng Xin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1770–1781, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.168

• calculated at a relative pressure range of 0.05–0.2. The pore size distribution was determined using nonlocal density functional theory (NLDFT) with the slit pore model using the adsorption branch of the nitrogen isotherm. The magnetic properties of the NPLs were investigated by a vibrating sample

Free-radical gases on two-dimensional transition-metal disulfides (XS₂, X = Mo/W): robust half-metallicity for efficient nitrogen oxide sensors

• Chunmei Zhang,
• Yalong Jiao,
• Fengxian Ma,
• Sri Kasi Matta,
• Steven Bottle and
• Aijun Du

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1641–1646, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.156

• highly challenging work because it requires sensors with an ultra-high level of sensitivity. By using density functional theory, here we demonstrate that the adsorption of a paramagnetic unpaired free radical gas (NO) on a monolayer of XS2 (X = Mo, W) can trigger the transition from semiconductor to half

• , only few possess all necessary properties and many of them are unstable. Therefore, to explore more experimentally feasible and stable half-metallic materials is highly desirable. In this paper, a density functional theory (DFT) study is carried out to show that monolayer XS2 (X = Mo, W) can