Engineered superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) for dual-modality imaging of intracranial glioblastoma via EGFRvIII targeting

• Xianping Liu,
• Chengjuan Du,
• Haichun Li,
• Ting Jiang,
• Zimiao Luo,
• Zhiqing Pang,
• Daoying Geng and
• Jun Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1860–1872, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.181

• signal intensities of NPs and PNPs decreased with increasing Fe concentration (Figure 2a). After linear fitting, a good linear correlation between T2 relaxation (r2) and the Fe concentration was established. The r2 of the PNP nanoprobe was 52.35 mM−1 s−1, which was slightly lower than that of the NPs

Novel hollow titanium dioxide nanospheres with antimicrobial activity against resistant bacteria

• Carol López de Dicastillo,
• Cristian Patiño,
• María José Galotto,
• Yesseny Vásquez-Martínez,
• Claudia Torrent,
• Daniela Alburquenque,
• Alejandro Pereira and
• Juan Escrig

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1716–1725, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.167

• 150 μL. The effect of UV irradiation on the antimicrobial activity was investigated by irradiating the 96-well microplate with a UV-A lamp located 25 cm above the samples for 0, 20, 60, and 120 min with 150 rpm stirring at room temperature. The plates were sealed with a tight-fitting plastic cover and

Tuning the performance of vanadium redox flow batteries by modifying the structural defects of the carbon felt electrode

• Ditty Dixon,
• Deepu Joseph Babu,
• Aiswarya Bhaskar,
• Hans-Michael Bruns,
• Joerg J. Schneider,
• Frieder Scheiba and
• Helmut Ehrenberg

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1698–1706, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.165

• -plasma-treated sample has the highest graphitic content on the surface. This result contradicts the Raman spectroscopy result where the plasma-treated sample in fact showed more defects. It must be emphasized that in the present work no peak fitting was carried out on the C 1s peak to quantify the

• . XPS results obtained for pristine and N2-plasma-treated samples. a) Survey scan for the N2-plasma-treated sample and inset showing the O 1s peak fitting results, b) N 1s peak fitting for the N2-plasma-treated sample, c) survey scan for the pristine sample and inset showing the O 1s peak fitting

• results, and d) composition of the various groups obtained after peak fitting. Schematic representation of N-doping induced by N2 plasma treatment in a graphite lattice. SEM images of a) pristine and b) N2-plasma-treated samples. CV curves obtained for the pristine and the N2-plasma-treated sample: a

Superconducting switching due to a triplet component in the Pb/Cu/Ni/Cu/Co₂Cr_1−xFe_xAl_y spin-valve structure

• Andrey Andreevich Kamashev,
• Nadir Nurgayazovich Garif’yanov,
• Aidar Azatovich Validov,
• Joachim Schumann,
• Vladislav Kataev,
• Bernd Büchner,
• Yakov Victorovich Fominov and
• Ilgiz Abdulsamatovich Garifullin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1458–1463, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.144

• comparison to fittings of our previous experiments in [9][13][21]. Figure 3 demonstrates that theory correctly reproduces characteristic features of the Tc(α) dependence (triplet spin-valve behavior). Parameters used for fitting of the theory to the experimental results are the following: coherence length in

Energy distribution in an ensemble of nanoparticles and its consequences

• Dieter Vollath

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1452–1457, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.143

• temperature and the particle size. As both the range of particle sizes and temperatures are limited, a linear approximation is sufficient. The necessary parameter may be obtained from theory, experimental data, or by a fitting process during the determination of the size distribution. The starting point for

• Figure 3, this assumption does not describe the course of the magnetic noise power properly. There is significant deviation at higher temperatures, representing larger particles. As fitting using a Weibull or a log-normal distribution did not lead to a satisfying result, an approximation using the sum of

• parameters, determined by the assumption of a normal distribution and an extended distribution of the particle size. The results given for the extended size distribution are obtained from fitting with the sum of two normal distributions. The average particle size was calculated using Comparison between the

Selective gas detection using Mn₃O₄/WO₃ composites as a sensing layer

• Yongjiao Sun,
• Zhichao Yu,
• Wenda Wang,
• Pengwei Li,
• Gang Li,
• Wendong Zhang,
• Lin Chen,
• Serge Zhuivkov and
• Jie Hu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1423–1433, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.140

• /WO3 material can be consider as a prospective material for quantitative gas detection. It could be inferred from the fitting lines that the limit of detection (LOD) of the 3 atom % Mn3O4/WO3 based gas sensor for H2S, NH3 and CO are 0.0022, 0.0627 and 0.4141 ppm, respectively. But it is very difficult

The effect of magneto-crystalline anisotropy on the properties of hard and soft magnetic ferrite nanoparticles

• Hajar Jalili,
• Bagher Aslibeiki,
• Ali Ghotbi Varzaneh and
• Volodymyr A. Chernenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1348–1359, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.133

• particles size distribution in the samples was determined by measuring the size of 100 particles from the FE-SEM images fitting the size histogram with a log-normal function: where D0 is the median diameter and σ is the dispersion. The mean diameter ⟨D⟩ = D0·exp(σ2/2) and standard deviation σD = ⟨D⟩·[exp(σ2

Nanoscale spatial mapping of mechanical properties through dynamic atomic force microscopy

• Zahra Abooalizadeh,
• Leszek Josef Sudak and
• Philip Egberts

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1332–1347, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.132

• find the elastic modulus of the indentation from the fitting using Equation 7 [49]. Figure 11 indicates the force–distance curve with the Hertzian fitting, and the elastic modulus was exported from the fitting. In these measurements, we were able to extract the same value of the elastic modulus that we

Janus-micromotor-based on–off luminescence sensor for active TNT detection

• Ye Yuan,
• Changyong Gao,
• Daolin Wang,
• Chang Zhou,
• Baohua Zhu and
• Qiang He

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1324–1331, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.131

• concentrations with a TNT concentration of 0.2 μg mL−1 for 3 min. (f) Luminescence intensity of a Janus UCNP capsule motor after autonomous movement for 1 min in a TNT solution in response to the TNT concentration and the resultant fitting equation. The inset demonstrates a linear relationship between the

Fabrication of phase masks from amorphous carbon thin films for electron-beam shaping

• Lukas Grünewald,
• Dagmar Gerthsen and
• Simon Hettler

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1290–1302, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.128

• fitting a Gaussian function to the central lobe and evaluating the full width at half maximum (FWHM). As the beam intensity is oscillating upon propagation, the FWHM of the central maximum also varies significantly, which leads to a spread in the values instead of a constant central probe size. Properties

• IC2,BFP = 1718 mA (Figure 7b). Again, oscillations and an increase in the central intensity are observed and demonstrate the successful generation of a BB in the object plane. Additionally, the diameter of the central maximum was evaluated by fitting a Gaussian function to the intensity profile and

• as a function of defocus for PMs with different kρ. Error bars correspond to the fitting error of the Gaussian function. (a) Intensity in the center of a BB IC plotted as a function of the C2 lens current. The curve is reversed and compressed compared to the curves in Figure 6d. (b) Rescaling with

Molecular attachment to a microscope tip: inelastic tunneling, Kondo screening, and thermopower

• Rouzhaji Tuerhong,
• Mauro Boero and
• Jean-Pierre Bucher

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1243–1250, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.124

• surface are chemically identical (see Experimental section), the MnPc molecule attached to the tip is subjected to a different electronic-state hybridization than an on-surface molecule, and hence a different Kondo behavior is expected. In this respect, the analysis of the fitting parameters of the Fano

Playing with covalent triazine framework tiles for improved CO₂ adsorption properties and catalytic performance

• Giulia Tuci,
• Andree Iemhoff,
• Housseinou Ba,
• Lapo Luconi,
• Andrea Rossin,
• Vasiliki Papaefthimiou,
• Regina Palkovits,
• Jens Artz,
• Cuong Pham-Huu and
• Giuliano Giambastiani

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1217–1227, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.121

• energy mode (100 and 20 eV, respectively). Elemental semi-quantitative atomic percentages were calculated by fitting the spectra with mixed Gaussian–Lorentzian peaks applying tabulated sensitivity factors. Temperature-programmed oxidation (TPO-MS) analyses were carried out on a Hiden Analytical CATLAB

• isotherms of CTF1–5 collected at 298 K, while (χi)mix are the molar fractions of the two gases in the starting mixture (0.85 and 0.15 for N2 and CO2, respectively). A BET (CO2) and a Henry (N2) model were employed for the isotherms fitting. For a detailed explanation of these methods, see the pyIAST webpage

Angle-dependent structural colors in a nanoscale-grating photonic crystal fabricated by reverse nanoimprint technology

• Xu Zheng,
• Qing Wang,
• Jinjin Luan,
• Yao Li,
• Ning Wang and
• Rui Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1211–1216, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.120

• crystal was peeled-off from the PC mould. The surface structures of photonic crystal were obtained by SEM (Nova Nano SEM450, USA). The spectroscopic analyses were performed with an Ocean Optics fiber-optic spectrophotometer. The data analysis and fitting were performed by using Origin software. The SEM

Pure and mixed ordered monolayers of tetracyano-2,6-naphthoquinodimethane and hexathiapentacene on the Ag(100) surface

• Robert Harbers,
• Timo Heepenstrick,
• Dmitrii F. Perepichka and
• Moritz Sokolowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1188–1199, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.118

• hemispherical LEED optics. These intrinsic distortions were corrected using a custom-written software according to the formulas given in [30]. Nevertheless, some residual distortions still remain that typically cause a less perfect fitting of the simulated and experimental LEED patterns in the outer region of

Electroluminescence and current–voltage measurements of single-(In,Ga)N/GaN-nanowire light-emitting diodes in a nanowire ensemble

• David van Treeck,
• Johannes Ledig,
• Gregor Scholz,
• Jonas Lähnemann,
• Mattia Musolino,
• Abbes Tahraoui,
• Oliver Brandt,
• Andreas Waag,
• Henning Riechert and
• Lutz Geelhaar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1177–1187, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.117

• 2.43 eV. Figure 3b shows that the EL spectra for the whole current range can be very well described by fitting the different emission lines with Lorentzian functions. The analysis demonstrates that for a driving current of 20 nA the emission line at lower energy (line 1) dominates, until the high

A highly efficient porous rod-like Ce-doped ZnO photocatalyst for the degradation of dye contaminants in water

• Binjing Hu,
• Qiang Sun,
• Chengyi Zuo,
• Yunxin Pei,
• Siwei Yang,
• Hui Zheng and
• Fangming Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1157–1165, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.115

•  4. We calculated the Ce state using curve-fitting based on the literature [33]. The results revealed that the percentage of RCe3+ (Ce3+/(Ce3+ + Ce4+)) and RCe4+ (Ce4+/(Ce3+ + Ce4+)) was 26.4% and 73.6%, respectively. To examine the surface morphology, SEM was carried out. Figure 5 shows SEM images

Porous N- and S-doped carbon–carbon composite electrodes by soft-templating for redox flow batteries

• Maike Schnucklake,
• László Eifert,
• Jonathan Schneider,
• Roswitha Zeis and
• Christina Roth

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1131–1139, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.113

• in the functional groups on the surface of the fibers increases their hydrophilicity and hence their electrochemical performance [28][29]. We refrained, however, from quantitative analysis due to the inherent restrictions of fitting the rather broad C 1s and O 1s peaks with a multitude of individual

• electrode and corresponding colored mappings of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. Nitrogen sorption isotherms of the synthesized composite electrode with nitrogen doping (upper line) and the carbonized carbon felt (lower line). High-resolution XPS spectra including the fitting of the carbonized carbon

• analysis. Electrochemical data of the VO2+/VO2+ redox couple obtained from cyclic voltammograms. Values for the charge transfer resistance and the double-layer capacity received by fitting the impedance data with corresponding circuit model in Figure 7 and converting the CPE parameters following Hirschorn

CuInSe₂ quantum dots grown by molecular beam epitaxy on amorphous SiO₂ surfaces

• Henrique Limborço,
• Pedro M.P. Salomé,
• Rodrigo Ribeiro-Andrade,
• Jennifer P. Teixeira,
• Nicoleta Nicoara,
• Kamal Abderrafi,
• Joaquim P. Leitão,
• Juan C. Gonzalez and
• Sascha Sadewasser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1103–1111, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.110

• . For the 490 °C sample we estimate a maximum peak emission at 1.10 ± 0.02 eV, for 530 °C at 1.069 ± 0.015 eV, and for 580 °C at 1.05 ± 0.02 eV. We note that the spectral resolution of the PL system is well below the given uncertainties, which mostly result from the fitting uncertainty. The determined

Tailoring the stability/aggregation of one-dimensional TiO₂(B)/titanate nanowires using surfactants

• Atiđa Selmani,
• Johannes Lützenkirchen,
• Kristina Kučanda,
• Dario Dabić,
• Engelbert Redel,
• Ida Delač Marion,
• Damir Kralj,
• Darija Domazet Jurašin and
• Maja Dutour Sikirić

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1024–1037, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.103

• meaningful, this would suggest that the surfactant would perturb the interfacial layer in the sense that the structure is weakened by the hydrophobic tails. However, the slip plane parameter is probably best viewed as a fitting parameter. Figure 7 shows that the slip plane parameter determined for the bare

Concurrent nanoscale surface etching and SnO₂ loading of carbon fibers for vanadium ion redox enhancement

• Jun Maruyama,
• Shohei Maruyama,
• Tomoko Fukuhara,
• Toru Nagaoka and
• Kei Hanafusa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 985–992, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.99

• using Microsoft Excel based on Gaussian functions was used for the Raman peak deconvolution and fitting. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry was performed using a FESEM (JSM-7800F, JEOL) and EDX (Octane Elect Super, EDAX). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was carried out using an AXIS ULTRA DLD

• deconvoluted components, D2, G, Am, D, and the fitting result are shown in orange, green, light green, blue, and red lines, respectively. The spectra of TGP-CSnPc-TAir (T = 500, 550, 600 and 650 °C) are given in Figure S3 (Supporting Information File 1). XPS spectra of (a) Sn 3d and (b) O 1s in TGP, TGP-CSnPc

In situ AFM visualization of Li–O₂ battery discharge products during redox cycling in an atmospherically controlled sample cell

• Kumar Virwani,
• Younes Ansari,
• Khanh Nguyen,
• Francisco José Alía Moreno-Ortiz,
• Jangwoo Kim,
• Maxwell J. Giammona,
• Ho-Cheol Kim and
• Young-Hye La

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 930–940, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.94

• in the sample after oxygenation [37] indicates surface and pore blockage on the glassy carbon cathode caused by diffusion of oxygen into the carbon. This could be attributed to the absence of a separating layer between the glassy carbon and the liquid electrolyte [38]. The fitting parameters for the

• (square points) solvent oxygenation, after solvent oxygenation for two hours (circle points) and after the first discharge–recharge cycle (triangle points). The EIS data were collected for cells with 1 M LiNO3 in TEGDME with <20 ppm (A) and 2500 ppm (B) of water in the electrolyte. Fitting parameters used

Co-doped MnFe₂O₄ nanoparticles: magnetic anisotropy and interparticle interactions

• Bagher Aslibeiki,
• Parviz Kameli,
• Hadi Salamati,
• Giorgio Concas,
• Maria Salvador Fernandez,
• Alessandro Talone,
• Giuseppe Muscas and
• Davide Peddis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 856–865, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.86

• extrapolated by fitting the M(H) curves at high field using the law of approach to saturation [23]: where A and B are constant parameters. Magnetization versus temperature measurements were performed using the zero-field-cooled (ZFC) and field-cooled (FC) protocols. The sample was cooled from room temperature

On the transformation of “zincone”-like into porous ZnO thin films from sub-saturated plasma enhanced atomic layer deposition

• Alberto Perrotta,
• Julian Pilz,
• Stefan Pachmajer,
• Antonella Milella and
• Anna Maria Coclite

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 746–759, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.74

• plasma pulse time. c) Relative amount of the O–Zn and O–C/O–H as a function of the plasma pulse time as resulted from the O 1s peak fitting. Annealed: d) C 1s spectrum and e) O 1s spectrum as a function of the plasma pulse time. f) Relative amount of the lattice O–Zn and Zn hydroxides/defective oxygen as

• a function of the plasma pulse time, as resulted from the O 1s peak fitting. a) Normalized thickness (norm-d) and b) refractive index n (at 633 nm) of the zincone-like layers as a function of the annealing temperature. The two critical temperature ranges for initial removal of organic moieties and

• ]. Supporting Information Supporting Information File 88: Details on the EP measurements, GIXD data recorded after annealing at 600 °C, saturation curves for the PE-ALD ZnO process optimized at room temperature, example of fitting of the HR XPS peak associated to O 1s. Acknowledgements The authors thank

An iridescent film of porous anodic aluminum oxide with alternatingly electrodeposited Cu and SiO₂ nanoparticles

• Menglei Chang,
• Huawen Hu,
• Haiyan Quan,
• Hongyang Wei,
• Zhangyi Xiong,
• Jiacong Lu,
• Pin Luo,
• Yaoheng Liang,
• Jianzhen Ou and
• Dongchu Chen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 735–745, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.73

• only to a very little extent. The Nyquist and Bode diagrams were fitted using the ZView software, and after a careful adjustment, equivalent circuit diagrams were obtained with the lowest fitting error (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S3). As presented in Supporting Information File 1, Figure S3

Outstanding chain-extension effect and high UV resistance of polybutylene succinate containing amino-acid-modified layered double hydroxides

• Adam A. Marek,
• Vincent Verney,
• Christine Taviot-Gueho,
• Grazia Totaro,
• Laura Sisti,
• Annamaria Celli and
• Fabrice Leroux

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 684–695, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.68

• fitting and extrapolation of the Cole–Cole representation to the x-axis (η′ at η″ = 0), the Newtonian zero-shear viscosity η0 can be calculated using Equation 1, which reflects even small changes in molecular mass. The effect of 5 wt % Mg2Al LDH filler on the PBS chain extension is presented as η”–η’ Cole