Alloyed Pt₃M (M = Co, Ni) nanoparticles supported on S- and N-doped carbon nanotubes for the oxygen reduction reaction

• Stéphane Louisia,
• Yohann R. J. Thomas,
• Pierre Lecante,
• Marie Heitzmann,
• M. Rosa Axet,
• Pierre-André Jacques and
• Philippe Serp

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1251–1269, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.125

• −2, has been prepared and used as a reference. The polarization curves registered under air are reported in Figure 10. Focusing on the activation part of the curve, and as expected thanks to the RDE screening, Pt3Co/N-CNT is more active than Pt3Co/N-CNTHT and Pt3Ni/N-CNTHT. The performance obtained

• catalysts supported on CNTs [100][101]. The polarization curves recorded under O2 are shown in Supporting Information File 1, Figure S14. Even this performance is still lower than the performance of the reference MEA, 863 mW·cm−2 under air and 1118 mW·cm−2 under O2 at 1.5 A/cm2. To evidence the added value

• (EIS) were collected on single cell containing an MEA based on Pt3Co/N-CNT and Pt3Co/CB at 0.1 A/cm2, under air and in the same conditions as the polarization experiments. The high frequency resistance was 4.6 and 3.2 mΩ, respectively (see Supporting Information File 1, Figure S15). The higher value

Electroluminescence and current–voltage measurements of single-(In,Ga)N/GaN-nanowire light-emitting diodes in a nanowire ensemble

• David van Treeck,
• Johannes Ledig,
• Gregor Scholz,
• Jonas Lähnemann,
• Mattia Musolino,
• Abbes Tahraoui,
• Oliver Brandt,
• Andreas Waag,
• Henning Riechert and
• Lutz Geelhaar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1177–1187, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.117

• -type base of the NW, whereas the high-energy line was linked to the superposition of the EL of the other three insertions. The variations in emission properties of single QWs were explained by different spontaneous and piezoelectric polarization fields within the different insertions, mainly caused by

• ionized donors and acceptors in the adjacent doped segments and by the non-uniform strain distribution along the active region, respectively. Also in the case of NW C in Figure 3, the comparatively strong shift of emission line 1 for currents up to 100 nA suggests the presence of strong polarization

• polarization fields cause a spatial separation of electrons and holes in the QWs which in turn leads to a reduced radiative recombination rate and hence a reduced relative EQE for small injection currents. Due to the lack of temperature-dependent measurements, it was not possible to draw any hard conclusions

Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles as a saturable absorber for giant chirped pulse generation

• Ji-Shu Liu,
• Xiao-Hui Li,
• Abdul Qyyum,
• Yi-Xuan Guo,
• Tong Chai,
• Hua Xu and
• Jie Jiang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1065–1072, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.107

• parameter of 17 ps/nm/km. Therefore, the fiber cavity used in this experiment is dispersion-managed and lies in negative dispersion regime [42]. A polarization independent isolator (PI-ISO) is employed in the cavity to ensure the unidirectional operation of the ring cavity, and a polarization controller (PC

• are almost unchanged. As the pump power is increased to 245.2 mW, a stable pulse spectrum can be observed. Keeping the polarization state constant, a stable spectrum can be obtained over a wide pump power range from 245.2 mW to 348.8 mW. Figure 6c and 6d summarize the measured average output power and

• pulses are generated in the experiments, we implemented a laser cavity without the SA materials. It was found that only the wavelength can be tuned in the spectra and some fluctuations were observed on the oscilloscope by adjusting the polarization controllers, which is due to the birefringence and

Correlation of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) with the surface density of gold nanoparticles: evaluation of the critical number of SERS tags for a detectable signal

• Vincenzo Amendola

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1016–1023, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.102

• of a real AuNT, and two different polarization directions were considered, namely parallel and perpendicular to the main axis of the nanoaggregate. For metal particles in the 2–200 nm size range, an error smaller than 10% is achieved using a number of dipoles at least of the order of 104 and using an

• changing the direction of polarization of incident light, the AuNTs always have several active hot spots, which reduces the number of “dark” tags in real operating conditions using polarized laser light sources, such as in ordinary Raman spectrometers [56]. This is demonstrated in Figure 1E, were the

• bidimensional map of GSERS in the AuNT was calculated for a different polarization direction: GSERS values span the same range as in Figure 1D, but the hot spots are mostly located at different points within the nanoaggregate. To quantify the Raman scattering intensity versus concentration of nanoparticles, the

Electronic and magnetic properties of doped black phosphorene with concentration dependence

• Ke Wang,
• Hai Wang,
• Min Zhang,
• Yan Liu and
• Wei Zhao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 993–1001, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.100

• structures of Si- and S-doped phosphorene without spin polarization always show metallic states suggesting the bandgap is insensitive to the in-plane size of the supercell and the dopant content. However, the results are fairly different once the spin polarization is taken into account. The band structures

• supercell size due to decreasing deformation and dopant content. In the following, we discuss the magnetic and electronic properties of the stable doped phosphorenes induced by the deformation and impurity concentration. Band structure without spin polarization Before investigating the magnetic properties

• , the electronic structures of the Si- and S-doped phosphorenes were calculated, first without considering spin polarization. The results are shown in Figure 2 where the magenta lines represent the impurity levels and the Fermi level is shifted to zero. The impurity states induced by the Si and S atoms

An iridescent film of porous anodic aluminum oxide with alternatingly electrodeposited Cu and SiO₂ nanoparticles

• Menglei Chang,
• Huawen Hu,
• Haiyan Quan,
• Hongyang Wei,
• Zhangyi Xiong,
• Jiacong Lu,
• Pin Luo,
• Yaoheng Liang,
• Jianzhen Ou and
• Dongchu Chen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 735–745, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.73

• interfacial impedance of the sample was estimated on the basis of the analysis described above, and the corrosion resistance performance was evaluated in more detail. Furthermore, the electrical polarization process of the sample in the test solution was studied by analyzing the Nyquist and Bode diagrams. The

• , respectively. Because such an electrochemical impedance measurement is sensitive to the outside interferences, the workstation was not permitted to be disrupted during the measurement, and electronic devices such as mobile phones were placed far away from the experiment. The polarization test was divided into

• potential to obtain the entire polarization curve. Since the potential of the electrode applied by the potentiostatic potential was sufficient to destroy the barrier layer of the sample to be tested, the potentiodynamic scanning must be performed after the electrical impedance test had been completed. The

Features and advantages of flexible silicon nanowires for SERS applications

• Hrvoje Gebavi,
• Vlatko Gašparić,
• Dubravko Risović,
• Nikola Baran,
• Paweł Henryk Albrycht and
• Mile Ivanda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 725–734, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.72

• factor increases approximately as d−8 in the case of two metal nanoparticles with the polarization along the particle axis, which can be roughly applied to the case of two nanowires. However, in the reported substrates SiNWs are randomly oriented and the polarization measurement was not tested in detail

Coexisting spin and Rabi oscillations at intermediate time regimes in electron transport through a photon cavity

• Vidar Gudmundsson,
• Hallmann Gestsson,
• Nzar Rauf Abdullah,
• Chi-Shung Tang,
• Andrei Manolescu and
• Valeriu Moldoveanu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 606–616, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.61

• the two states weakly through the diamagnetic interaction. We thus observed two different Rabi oscillations depending on the polarization of the cavity field [9][15][16][17]. Here, we select an asymmetric system with slightly dissimilar quantum dots located at opposite ends of the short quantum wire

• the center of the z = 0 plane. For the Coulomb gauge used here the polarization of the electric field of the cavity photons parallel to the transport in the x-direction (with the unit vector ex) is realized in the TE011 mode, or perpendicular to the transport (defined by the unit vector ey) in the

• TE101 mode. The two modes of the quantized vector potential for the cavity field can be expressed as (in a stacked notation) with the strength of the vector potential, and the electron–photon coupling constant related by leading to a dimensionless polarization tensor to be evaluated, where k = x or y

Topochemical engineering of composite hybrid fibers using layered double hydroxides and abietic acid

• Liji Sobhana,
• Lokesh Kesavan,
• Jan Gustafsson and
• Pedro Fardim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 589–605, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.60

• brucite layers were already utilized to graft cellulose through cellulosic O–H polarization. Thus, LDH act as a perfect structure-directing agent in C-HF materials. The XRD spectra of C-HF show a convergence of diffraction peaks of cellulose and AA at 14–16°, a shift from 14.77° to 15.20° and enhanced

Quantification and coupling of the electromagnetic and chemical contributions in surface-enhanced Raman scattering

• Yarong Su,
• Yuanzhen Shi,
• Ping Wang,
• Jinglei Du,
• Markus B. Raschke and
• Lin Pang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 549–556, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.56

• charge-transfer contribution, and its CE value depends on the excitation wavelength. With regards to coupling between physical and chemical enhancement [20][22], a coupling factor can be introduced to quantify how the induced polarization modifies the charge redistribution and vice versa. However, we

A porous 3D-RGO@MWCNT hybrid material as Li–S battery cathode

• Yongguang Zhang,
• Jun Ren,
• Yan Zhao,
• Taizhe Tan,
• Fuxing Yin and
• Yichao Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 514–521, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.52

• the discharge profiles was observed at all current densities, which is consistent with the CV curves peaks (Figure 5). As the current increases from 0.1C to 2C, the polarization of the plateaus becomes higher, implying a slow decrease in the kinetic efficiency of the reaction process. This may have

Widening of the electroactivity potential range by composite formation – capacitive properties of TiO₂/BiVO₄/PEDOT:PSS electrodes in contact with an aqueous electrolyte

• Konrad Trzciński,
• Mariusz Szkoda,
• Andrzej P. Nowak,
• Marcin Łapiński and
• Anna Lisowska-Oleksiak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 483–493, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.49

• comparison (Ti/BiVO4). Hydrogenation process Annealed titania nanotubes and titania nanotubes covered by BiVO4 were exposed to cathodic polarization in 1 M H2SO4 electrolyte. The potential of the working electrode during hydrogenation was equal to −1.5 V vs Ag/AgCl (0.1 M KCl) and the process lasted for 60 s

• -specific capacitance, in the present work only the areal capacitance was discussed. Conclusion This report is devoted to the design and investigation of a novel electrode material, Ti/TiO2/BiVO4/PEDOT:PSS, which is characterized by a high capacity during polarization in contact with an aqueous electrolyte

• electrodeposition of PEDOT:PSS. Finally, Ti/TiO2/BiVO4/PEDOT:PSS electrodes were electrochemically tested over a wide range of potential (ΔE = 1.8 V). The electrode showed comparable capacity values over a wide range of polarization scan rates (10–200 mV·s−1). Multiple galvanostatic charge–discharge cycles lead to

Nanocomposite–parylene C thin films with high dielectric constant and low losses for future organic electronic devices

• Marwa Mokni,
• Gianluigi Maggioni,
• Abdelkader Kahouli,
• Sara M. Carturan,
• Walter Raniero and
• Alain Sylvestre

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 428–441, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.42

• β-relaxation [34]. The effect of plasma (sample K) results in a slight decrease in these losses over the entire frequency range. However, there is a slight increase in these losses at the lowest frequencies (less than 1 Hz) attributed to the manifestation of charge conduction or a new polarization

• -relaxation without bringing other inconveniences such as interfacial polarization mechanism or a long-range electrical conductivity induced by these nanoparticles. For this latter, we plotted the electrical ac-conductivity σ’ as a function of the frequency (Figure 9). The behavior is representative of short

Nitrous oxide as an effective AFM tip functionalization: a comparative study

• Taras Chutora,
• Bruno de la Torre,
• Pingo Mutombo,
• Jack Hellerstedt,
• Jaromír Kopeček,
• Pavel Jelínek and
• Martin Švec

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 315–321, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.30

• , due to their slightly different polarization. The calculations reveal that the preferred orientation of the N2O molecules in the clusters is with the O atoms outward (Figure 1b), being 17 meV more stable than the opposite arrangement. Using the optimized geometry of the cluster obtained from DFT

A Ni(OH)₂ nanopetals network for high-performance supercapacitors synthesized by immersing Ni nanofoam in water

• Donghui Zheng,
• Man Li,
• Yongyan Li,
• Chunling Qin,
• Yichao Wang and
• Zhifeng Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 281–293, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.27

• above 20 mV/s. This phenomenon is related to electrochemical polarization, i.e., the electron flow rate not keeping pace with the electrode reaction [44]. The GCD (Figure 5d) was recorded at different current densities from 0.5 to 12 A/cm3. The nonlinear GCD curves confirm typical pseudo-capacitive

pH-mediated control over the mesostructure of ordered mesoporous materials templated by polyion complex micelles

• Emilie Molina,
• Mélody Mathonnat,
• Jason Richard,
• Patrick Lacroix-Desmazes,
• Martin In,
• Philippe Dieudonné,
• Thomas Cacciaguerra,
• Corine Gérardin and
• Nathalie Marcotte

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 144–156, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.14

• necessary to fix the quantity of nitrogen per acrylic acid (N/AA ratio) used in the materials synthesis. The deacetylation degree (DD = 83 ± 5%) was determined by solid state 15N NMR using a Varian VNMRS 600 spectrometer operating at 5 kHz using cross-polarization magic-angle spinning conditions [30]. The

Threshold voltage decrease in a thermotropic nematic liquid crystal doped with graphene oxide flakes

• Mateusz Mrukiewicz,
• Krystian Kowiorski,
• Paweł Perkowski,
• Rafał Mazur and
• Małgorzata Djas

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 71–78, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.7

• areas. Therefore, the main advantage of GO is easy dispersibility in water and organic solvents [23][25]. Graphene oxide occurs in the form of two-dimensional flakes with anisotropic properties [24]. In thermotropic nematic liquid crystals, GO flakes create dipoles due to Maxwell–Wagner polarization [26

Surface plasmon resonance enhancement of photoluminescence intensity and bioimaging application of gold nanorod@CdSe/ZnS quantum dots

• Siyi Hu,
• Yu Ren,
• Yue Wang,
• Jinhua Li,
• Junle Qu,
• Liwei Liu,
• Hanbin Ma and
• Yuguo Tang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 22–31, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.3

• clearly determine that the dipole source is the actual source of the PL enhancement, we use light polarization directed along the long and short axes of the GNRs to stimulate the longitudinal and transverse modes, respectively. As shown in Figure 2b, which shows the FDTD simulation results, we can see

• polarization along the long axis direction z. d is the distance between the dipole source center and the GNR center, and the length of the GNRs was fixed at 40 nm. In vitro cell imaging study MCF-7 breast cancer cells (American Type Culture Collection) were cultured with Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium

Electrostatic force microscopy for the accurate characterization of interphases in nanocomposites

• Diana El Khoury,
• Richard Arinero,
• Jean-Charles Laurentie,
• Mikhaël Bechelany,
• Michel Ramonda and
• Jérôme Castellon

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2999–3012, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.279

• of the interphase is of utmost importance to explain most of the nanocomposite macroscopic behavior, particularly their electrical polarization properties. This local characterization requires high-resolution techniques that are sensitive to the dielectric properties of the material. These two

• layer on the signal [38][42]. Moreover, the high dielectric polarization response of the surface material also masks the response from the deeper parts. Besides, the difference between the deduced apparent permittivity of SiO2 (εapp = 17) and of Al2O3 (εAl2O3 = 9.8) was relatively low. Notably, high

Biomimetic surface structures in steel fabricated with femtosecond laser pulses: influence of laser rescanning on morphology and wettability

• Camilo Florian Baron,
• Alexandros Mimidis,
• Daniel Puerto,
• Evangelos Skoulas,
• Emmanuel Stratakis,
• Javier Solis and
• Jan Siegel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2802–2812, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.262

• ripples were formed, featuring a period close to that of the laser wavelength with an orientation perpendicular to the laser polarization. This discovery opened a new field of research, and soon thereafter, similar and more complex self-organized structures were reported for many other types of materials

• . The morphology corresponds to horizontal parallel lines that are oriented perpendicular to the laser polarization. The periodicity imprinted into the material is Λ = 850 nm, measured from a fast Fourier transform (FFT) of the SEM micrograph, which is much smaller than the laser spot size (2ω0 = 38.8

• µm), confirming the self-organizing nature of the formation process. Figure 1B shows grooves ( = 2 J/cm2, Neff_2D = 117), for which horizontal ripples can still be observed but are superimposed by vertical grooves, oriented parallel to the laser polarization. Figure 1C shows spikes ( = 2 J/cm2

Magnetic and luminescent coordination networks based on imidazolium salts and lanthanides for sensitive ratiometric thermometry

• Pierre Farger,
• Cédric Leuvrey,
• Mathieu Gallart,
• Pierre Gilliot,
• Guillaume Rogez,
• João Rocha,
• Duarte Ananias,
• Pierre Rabu and
• Emilie Delahaye

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2775–2787, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.259

• 40 kV and 40 mA equipped with a LynxEye detector. The X-ray diffraction data on single crystal were collected with graphite-monochromatized Mo Kα radiation (λ = 0.71073 Å) with a Kappa Nonius CCD diffractometer at room temperature. Intensity data were corrected for Lorenz-polarization and absorption

Oriented zinc oxide nanorods: A novel saturable absorber for lasers in the near-infrared

• Pavel Loiko,
• Tanujjal Bora,
• Josep Maria Serres,
• Haohai Yu,
• Magdalena Aguiló,
• Francesc Díaz,
• Uwe Griebner,
• Valentin Petrov,
• Xavier Mateos and
• Joydeep Dutta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2730–2740, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.255

• a fiber-coupled laser diode (an InGaAs one, emitting at ≈0.978 µm, for the Yb laser, and an AlGaAs one, emitting at ≈0.802 µm, for the Tm laser). The polarization of the laser emission was linear, E || Nm, naturally selected by the anisotropy of the gain. More details about the laser set-up can be

Silencing the second harmonic generation from plasmonic nanodimers: A comprehensive discussion

• Jérémy Butet,
• Gabriel D. Bernasconi and
• Olivier J. F. Martin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2674–2683, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.250

• been addressed in the case of connected gold nanodimers by comparing the evolution of the SHG with that of the two-photon photoluminescence [21]. It was shown that, although these two nonlinear optical processes involved two fundamental photons, they did not have the same incident polarization

• the gold surfaces and then used for the calculation of the surface SH polarization [26][27]. Only the χsurf,nnn component of the surface tensor (where n denotes the component normal to the surface) is considered. Recent experimental results show that this term dominates the surface response of

• ][29]. The SH surface currents are obtained by solving the surface integral equation formulation taking into account the nonlinear polarization and enforcing the boundary conditions at the nanostructure surfaces [30]. As the linear surface currents, the SH surface currents are expanded on Rao–Wilton

Polarization-dependent strong coupling between silver nanorods and photochromic molecules

• Gwénaëlle Lamri,
• Alessandro Veltri,
• Jean Aubard,
• Pierre-Michel Adam,
• Nordin Felidj and
• Anne-Laure Baudrion

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2657–2664, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.247

• Abstract Active plasmonics is a key focus for the development of advanced plasmonic applications. By selectively exciting the localized surface plasmon resonance sustained by the short or the long axis of silver nanorods, we demonstrate a polarization-dependent strong coupling between the plasmonic

• largely damped oscillators [16]. It is of note that the main dipolar plasmonic resonance sustained by a cylindrical nanoparticle is not dependent on the in-plane incident polarization due to the symmetry center of the nanoparticle. However, a polarization-dependent control of the optical properties of a

• polarization. In this context, a polarization-dependent external control of the plasmonic properties could be of prime interest for active plasmonic devices. In this work, we make use of the same protocol as in [16] and apply it to nanorods to demonstrate a polarization-dependent strong coupling between

Nanoantenna structures for the detection of phonons in nanocrystals

• Alexander G. Milekhin,
• Sergei A. Kuznetsov,
• Ilya A. Milekhin,
• Larisa L. Sveshnikova,
• Tatyana A. Duda,
• Ekaterina E. Rodyakina,
• Alexander V. Latyshev,
• Volodymyr M. Dzhagan and
• Dietrich R. T. Zahn

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2646–2656, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.246

• corresponding to the light polarization along the nanoantenna axis and perpendicular to it was calculated and analyzed. Results and Discussion LSPR modes in nanoantennas with different morphology The typical SEM and optical images of nano- and microantenna arrays used as substrates for the deposition of NCs are

• TE polarization, the electric field of which is parallel to the nanoantenna axis (E0 II X) at any θ, there is no retardation effect and the even the LSPR mode remains dipole inactive. For TM polarization, the situation is fundamentally different: due to the appearance of the nonzero z-component of

• formed near the gaps of linear and H-shaped nanoantennas where the maximal field enhancement for the light polarization along the nanoantennas is expected. The IR transmission spectra of the samples with linear nanoantenna arrays before and after deposition of CdSe and CdS NCs with different ML quantities