Ciprofloxacin-loaded dissolving polymeric microneedles as a potential therapeutic for the treatment of S. aureus skin infections

• Sharif Abdelghany,
• Walhan Alshaer,
• Yazan Al Thaher,
• Maram Al Fawares,
• Amal G. Al-Bakri,
• Saja Zuriekat and
• Randa SH. Mansour

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 517–527, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.43

• column compartment. Data acquisition was performed via the LabSolutions LCGC software. The eluent was detected at 278 nm. Separation was carried out using a reversed-phase Interclone C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm particle ODS 100 Å size) (Phenomenex, California, USA) at 30 °C. The mobile phase had an

Zinc oxide nanostructures for fluorescence and Raman signal enhancement: a review

• Ioana Marica,
• Fran Nekvapil,
• Maria Ștefan,
• Cosmin Farcău and
• Alexandra Falamaș

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 472–490, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.40

• a higher adsorption of analyte molecules, increasing the EF from 106 (before) to 108 (after hydrogenation) [43]. The charge transfer effect was probably increased as well since the hydrogenation introduced lattice defects that could alter the energy band structure of ZnO, promoting charge separation

• well as the energy of the incident light [36]. Moreover, the substrates could be used after several recycling cycles and presented similar EFs as the fresh ones. Other methods for recycling the ZnO-based nanosubstrates include thermal treatment and magnetic separation. These benefits indicate that the

Investigation of electron-induced cross-linking of self-assembled monolayers by scanning tunneling microscopy

• Patrick Stohmann,
• Sascha Koch,
• Yang Yang,
• Christopher David Kaiser,
• Julian Ehrens,
• Jürgen Schnack,
• Niklas Biere,
• Dario Anselmetti,
• Armin Gölzhäuser and
• Xianghui Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 462–471, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.39

• Abstract Ultrathin membranes with subnanometer pores enabling molecular size-selective separation were generated on surfaces via electron-induced cross-linking of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs). The evolution of p-terphenylthiol (TPT) SAMs on Au(111) surfaces into cross-linked monolayers was observed

• separation [36][37][38][39][40][41][42]. The interactions between aromatic SAMs and electrons have been studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), near-edge X-ray-absorption fine-structure (NEXAFS) technique [43][44][45][46][47][48][49], infrared spectroscopy [43][50][51][52], high-resolution

• order and lower density, which enables the use of CNMs as a molecular sieve in mass transfer and separation processes. Experimental Preparation of self-assembled monolayers from solution Precursor molecules (p-terphenylthiol) used in this study were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. In a manner similar to

A chemiresistive sensor array based on polyaniline nanocomposites and machine learning classification

• Jiri Kroutil,
• Alexandr Laposa,
• Ali Ahmad,
• Jan Voves,
• Vojtech Povolny,
• Ladislav Klimsa,
• Marina Davydova and
• Miroslav Husak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 411–423, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.34

• provides a linear projection of the data with (c – 1) dimensions, by considering the scatter of data within each class and across classes. Projection directions are those that maximize the inter-class separation of the projected data. The LDA transformation matrix is given by where SW and ΛW are

Effect of sample treatment on the elastic modulus of locust cuticle obtained by nanoindentation

• Chuchu Li,
• Stanislav N. Gorb and
• Hamed Rajabi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 404–410, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.33

• medium. Mechanical testing Pieces of about 2.0 × 0.5 × 0.5 mm3 size were separated from the middle part of the hind tibiae using a razor blade. They were then glued (5925 Ergo, Kisling AG, Wetzikon, Switzerland) on a sample holder within 2 min after separation from the tibiae. To avoid desiccation

Micro- and nanotechnology in biomedical engineering for cartilage tissue regeneration in osteoarthritis

• Zahra Nabizadeh,
• Mahmoud Nasrollahzadeh,
• Hamed Daemi,
• Mohamadreza Baghaban Eslaminejad,
• Ali Akbar Shabani,
• Mehdi Dadashpour,
• Majid Mirmohammadkhani and
• Davood Nasrabadi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 363–389, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.31

• different characteristics and kinds of behavior of compounds on submicrometer and nanometer scales and resulted in the development of new methods such as electrospinning, self-assembly, phase separation, nano-imprinting, and photolithography for the generation of new biomaterials with improved properties

• nature. They are constructed as NPs, nanofibers, nanocrystals, nanotubes, and nanofilms by high-tech methods of photolithography, electrospinning, nanoimprinting, and phase separation. Due to the hierarchical structure of articular cartilage ECM, there is considerable enthusiasm regarding the use of

• , electrospinning, weaving, phase separation, and template synthesis [102]. Electrospinning is widely used given its simplicity, cost effectiveness, unlimited substrate use, appreciable surface to volume ratio, tunable porosity, and ability to generate nanofibers over a wide range of sizes and shapes [102

Interfacial nanoarchitectonics for ZIF-8 membranes with enhanced gas separation

• Season S. Chen,
• Zhen-Jie Yang,
• Chia-Hao Chang,
• Hoong-Uei Koh,
• Sameerah I. Al-Saeedi,
• Kuo-Lun Tung and
• Kevin C.-W. Wu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 313–324, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.26

• Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University P.O.Box 84428. Riyadh 116711, Saudi Arabia 10.3762/bjnano.13.26 Abstract Metal-organic framework (MOF) membranes are potentially useful in gas separation applications. Conventional

• optimal synthesis conditions were determined (i.e., 80 °C for 12 h in 50 mM of 2-methylimidazole). The as-synthesized ZIF-8 membranes were then applied to CO2/N2 gas separation, which exhibited a maximum separation factor of 5.49 and CO2 gas permeance of 0.47 × 10−7 mol·m−2·s−1·Pa−1. Keywords: defect

• -free; gas separation; interfacial synthesis; metal-organic frameworks; ZIF membranes; Introduction Carbon dioxide (CO2) is one of the major greenhouse gases emitted through human activities contributing to global climate change. According to United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA), CO2

The effect of metal surface nanomorphology on the output performance of a TENG

• Yiru Wang,
• Xin Zhao,
• Yang Liu and
• Wenjun Zhou

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 298–312, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.25

• Normal University, Neijiang 641100, China 10.3762/bjnano.13.25 Abstract In this work, the effect of charge density and nanomorphology of a metal tip on the output performance of a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is studied. The basic working principle of the TENG is charge transfer after separation

• through the “contact and separation” method. One cyclic period of contact and separation was set to 1.5 s (contact of 0.75 s and separation of 0.75 s). The applied force from the mechanical shaker was fixed at 100 N. Output voltage and current were measured using a digital oscilloscope and an

• positive, and that on PTFE is negative (Figure 3a). A separation is caused by the removal of the external force, and electrons flow from the PTFE electrode to the Cu electrode (Figure 3b). Then, charge exchange is carried out at the contacts. Electrical equilibrium is formed when the Cu and the PTFE are

Investigation of a memory effect in a Au/(Ti–Cu)Ox-gradient thin film/TiAlV structure

• Damian Wojcieszak,
• Jarosław Domaradzki,
• Michał Mazur,
• Tomasz Kotwica and
• Danuta Kaczmarek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 265–273, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.21

• the presence of Cu2+ species related to the CuO oxide [48][49][50]. The XPS spectrum of the Ti 2p core level is presented in Figure 6b. The position of the Ti 2p doublet and the binding energy separation between Ti 2p3/2 and Ti 2p1/2 (marked in the figure as ΔEW) equal to 5.8 eV testifies the

Impact of device design on the electronic and optoelectronic properties of integrated Ru-terpyridine complexes

• Max Mennicken,
• Sophia Katharina Peter,
• Corinna Kaulen,
• Ulrich Simon and
• Silvia Karthäuser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 219–229, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.16

• -complex wire devices have been fabricated using nanoelectrodes with a separation of 8 to 20 nm and the above described growth process. The electrical behavior of the thus formed solid-state junctions was measured by cyclic current vs voltage (I/U) sweeps in the voltage range −1.3 V < U < +1.3 V. The

• Fermi–Dirac distribution, and indicates a tunneling mechanism [33][34][35]. A tunneling mechanism has been observed for single-Ru(MPTP)2–AuNP devices as well [15]. TEM images of Ru(MPTP)2–AuNP assemblies point to a nanoparticle separation of about 4 nm corresponding to slightly intercalating ligand

• value is based on sequential tunneling from AuNP to AuNP, a separation of 4 nm between the AuNP, a decay constant of β = 3.1 nm−1 for the Ru(MPTP)2-complex (for details see Supporting Information File 1, section 8) and fits exemplarily the experimentally obtained conductance values. Hence, the decreased

Engineered titania nanomaterials in advanced clinical applications

• Padmavati Sahare,
• Paulina Govea Alvarez,
• Juan Manual Sanchez Yanez,
• Gabriel Luna-Bárcenas,
• Samik Chakraborty,
• Sujay Paul and
• Miriam Estevez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 201–218, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.15

• conversion agent. Following ultrasound (US) irradiation, the oxygen-deficient TiO2−x layer with numerous defects facilitates and accelerates the separation of electrons and holes, resulting in a high quantum yield of ROS for tumor eradication. Both in vitro cell-level and systematic in vivo studies of tumor

A comprehensive review on electrospun nanohybrid membranes for wastewater treatment

• Senuri Kumarage,
• Imalka Munaweera and
• Nilwala Kottegoda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 137–159, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.10

• using lowly volatile CHCl3 while smooth, nonporous fibers were obtained when using highly volatile THF. The pore formation during electrospinning happens with phase separation, which can occur in two ways, namely thermally induced or vapor-induced, depending on temperature and humidity [38]. Hence, the

• [19]. Track etching also produces membranes of weak mechanical strength, and the technique is applicable onlyl for a limited number polymers. The track-etched membranes have low porosity and the technique is more expensive than electrospinning [1]. Phase separation is also a versatile membrane

• fabrication technique. Yet, it has been reported that the interconnected open pore structures and tailorable membrane thickness of electrospun membranes result in superior porosity and permeability compared to nonsolvent-induced phase separation (NIP) and thermally induced phase separation (TIP) membranes [49

Tin dioxide nanomaterial-based photocatalysts for nitrogen oxide oxidation: a review

• Viet Van Pham,
• Hong-Huy Tran,
• Thao Kim Truong and
• Thi Minh Cao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 96–113, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.7

• extending the light harvesting range and promoting the separation of photogenerated electrons. A considerable amount of reactive oxygen radicals was produced during the photocatalytic reaction, resulting from the large amount of free surface OH groups. PL, photocurrent response, electrochemical impedance

• band structure, which remains critical for studying charge separation [29]. In another study, a SnO2–Zn2SnO4 Z-scheme photocatalyst system was prepared with a graphene modification to create surface vacancy sites in the composite, which contributed to an enhanced photoactivity in the oxidation of NO

• of SnO2. Moreover, enhanced visible light response and enhanced charge separation in the sample with GQDs have been observed (Figure 13c). The EIS measurements (Figure 13d) indicated that the diameter of the arc radius of SnO2/GQDs (1%) is much smaller than that of SnO2, confirming that the GQDs

Influence of magnetic domain walls on all-optical magnetic toggle switching in a ferrimagnetic GdFe film

• Rahil Hosseinifar,
• Evangelos Golias,
• Ivar Kumberg,
• Quentin Guillet,
• Karl Frischmuth,
• Sangeeta Thakur,
• Mario Fix,
• Manfred Albrecht,
• Florian Kronast and
• Wolfgang Kuch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 74–81, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.5

• bottom row of Figure 3D shows enlarged images of the same domain as in Figure 3A and Figure 3B. Between each image, two laser pulses were applied with a temporal separation of the order of 1 s except for pulses 3 and 4, which had a separation of about 1 min. The number of laser pulses applied since the

Effect of lubricants on the rotational transmission between solid-state gears

• Huang-Hsiang Lin,
• Jonathan Heinze,
• Alexander Croy,
• Rafael Gutiérrez and
• Gianaurelio Cuniberti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 54–62, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.3

• that full atom simulations in combination with further advances in the fabrication and chemical synthesis techniques will improve the design of solid-state gears at the microscopic scale. A schematic illustration of two interlocked diamond involute solid-state gears (red and yellow) with separation

Sputtering onto liquids: a critical review

• Anastasiya Sergievskaya,
• Adrien Chauvin and
• Stephanos Konstantinidis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 10–53, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.2

• limited by the diffusion of the monomers to the nuclei surface. The assumption that burst nucleation significantly reduces the concentration of monomers allows for achieving the key separation of the nucleation and growth steps, which is a mandatory condition for the formation of monodisperse particles

• , while a slow nucleation process yields a reduced amount of seeds, which finally leads to bigger particles. Separation of the nucleation and surface growth processes is the main condition for the production of monodisperse primary NPs [77]. The Finke–Watzky autocatalytic model was first proposed for

Biocompatibility and cytotoxicity in vitro of surface-functionalized drug-loaded spinel ferrite nanoparticles

• Sadaf Mushtaq,
• Khuram Shahzad,
• Tariq Saeed,
• Anwar Ul-Hamid,
• Bilal Haider Abbasi,
• Nafees Ahmad,
• Waqas Khalid,
• Muhammad Atif,
• Zulqurnain Ali and
• Rashda Abbasi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1339–1364, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.99

• -assisted control of the behavior of MNPs makes them suitable candidates for targeted drug delivery, hyperthermia, biosensors, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and magnetic separation [9][10]. Magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles (NPs), belonging to the spinel ferrite class, are the most extensively studied

Polarity in cuticular ridge development and insect attachment on leaf surfaces of Schismatoglottis calyptrata (Araceae)

• Venkata A. Surapaneni,
• Tobias Aust,
• Thomas Speck and
• Marc Thielen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1326–1338, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.98

• factor enabling the efficient separation of plant material from the epoxy negative molds during polymer replication. The third level is characterized by aged and uniformly aligned low aspect ratio ridges in a labyrinth-type arrangement (at stages 4 and 5) in H. brasiliensis (Supporting Information File 1

Plasmon-enhanced photoluminescence from TiO₂ and TeO₂ thin films doped by Eu³⁺ for optoelectronic applications

• Marcin Łapiński,
• Jakub Czubek,
• Katarzyna Drozdowska,
• Anna Synak,
• Wojciech Sadowski and
• Barbara Kościelska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1271–1278, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.94

• + and Eu2+ ions [31][32]. The Eu 4d doublet separation was considered as 5.7 eV for Eu3+ and 5.6 eV for Eu2+. The doublet that is assigned to Eu3+ ions dominates over the Eu2+ doublet. This led to the conclusion that the quantity of Eu3+ ions far exceeds that of Eu2+ ions. The calculated ratio Eu3+/Eu2

• film, which changes the conditions of electromagnetic interaction between plasmons and luminescent material. TeO2:Eu-based structures The results of the XPS analysis of TeO2:Eu luminescent layer are presented in Figure 7. Two peaks at 587.3 and 576.07 eV, with an energy separation of 10.37 eV

• the presence of europium in two valence states. Lines recorded at 142.36 and 136.76 eV correspond to Eu3+, while those observed at 136.40 and 130.90 eV were assigned to Eu2+. The energy separation in both doublets equals to 5.60 and 5.50 eV for Eu3+ and Eu2+, respectively, in accordance with

A review on slip boundary conditions at the nanoscale: recent development and applications

• Ruifei Wang,
• Jin Chai,
• Bobo Luo,
• Xiong Liu,
• Jianting Zhang,
• Min Wu,
• Mingdan Wei and
• Zhuanyue Ma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1237–1251, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.91

• related to nanotechnology, such as ion separation and drug discovery, should be investigated and developed. Schematic representation of the definition of slip lengths: (a) no-slip, (b) true slip length, (c) apparent slip length, and (d) effective slip length. Figures 1a–c were redrawn from [49] and Figure

Two dynamic modes to streamline challenging atomic force microscopy measurements

• Alexei G. Temiryazev,
• Andrey V. Krayev and
• Marina P. Temiryazeva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1226–1236, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.90

• the next measurement point. The VM does not imply separation with the surface, the probe is within the range of van der Waals forces almost all the time. Due to this, the scanning speed in flat areas increases significantly. We can consider the VM as a kind of feedback that during lateral movement

Open-loop amplitude-modulation Kelvin probe force microscopy operated in single-pass PeakForce tapping mode

• Gheorghe Stan and
• Pradeep Namboodiri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1115–1126, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.83

• ]. The above discussion suggests that the measurement accuracy of AM-KPFM could be greatly improved once the contribution of the cantilever is accounted for and removed from the measured CPD. A separation of the various contributions to the measured CPD however would require a data analysis after the

• motion in terms of time duration and positioning of the bias signal within the out-of-contact intervals of the PFT cycle. Additionally, the tip–sample separation at which the bias is applied and the CPD is measured is controlled by the amplitude of the PFT oscillation. The applied bias modulation of the

• Au and Al to their reference values of 0.21 V and 0.93 V, respectively. Separation of the average contributions of the tip and cantilever to the measured OL AM-KPFM signal: (a, b) time series fits of the bias-modulated AFM deflections shown in Figure 3a and Figure 3d, respectively; (c, d) parabolic

Assessment of the optical and electrical properties of light-emitting diodes containing carbon-based nanostructures and plasmonic nanoparticles: a review

• Keshav Nagpal,
• Erwan Rauwel,
• Frédérique Ducroquet and
• Protima Rauwel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1078–1092, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.80

• performance has been associated with the spontaneous emission rate induced by SPR coupling when an optimal distance of separation exists between the plasmonic and active layers. New possibilities for cathode materials The performance parameters of OLED, for example, turn-on voltage, operating voltage, current

An overview of microneedle applications, materials, and fabrication methods

• Zahra Faraji Rad,
• Philip D. Prewett and
• Graham J. Davies

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1034–1046, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.77

• layer of polymer introduced between the mould and the metal structure to facilitate chemical lift-off separation of the final array. For hollow metal microneedles, a plasma etching step was performed prior to metal deposition [106]. Unlike the ubiquitous stainless steel hypodermic needle, safety

Molecular assemblies on surfaces: towards physical and electronic decoupling of organic molecules

• Sabine Maier and
• Meike Stöhr

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 950–956, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.71

• efficiently electronically decouple further organic layers from a metal surface. The decoupling strategy with organic layers relies on both an increased separation between the organic layer of interest and the metal as well as the different electronic gaps of the organic interface layer and following ones [29