Synthesis of MnO₂–CuO–Fe₂O₃/CNTs catalysts: low-temperature SCR activity and formation mechanism

• Yanbing Zhang,
• Lihua Liu,
• Yingzan Chen,
• Xianglong Cheng,
• Chengjian Song,
• Mingjie Ding and
• Haipeng Zhao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 848–855, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.85

• diffraction measurements Figure 2 shows the XRD patterns of the acid-treated CNTs and the as-synthesized catalysts. All samples present the characteristic diffraction peaks at 26.3°, 42.6° and 53.7°, corresponding to the (002), (100), and (004) planes of graphite, respectively [18]. For MnO2–CuO–Fe2O3/CNTs

• results of XRD (Figure 2). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy The XPS spectra of the as-prepared catalysts are given in Figure 4. The elements Mn, Cu, Fe, C, and O were detected in the XPS full-scan spectrum of Figure 4A. For the Mn 2p spectrum of 4% MnO2–CuO–Fe2O3/CNTs (Figure 4B), the binding energies at

• of XRD and NO conversion measurements. The binding energies of Cu 2p1/2 and Cu 2p3/2 of the 4% MnO2–CuO–Fe2O3/CNTs catalyst (Figure 4C) are located at 954.3 and 934.4 eV, respectively, along with satellites at higher energies, indicating the formation of CuO [28]. The energy separation between Cu 2p1

An efficient electrode material for high performance solid-state hybrid supercapacitors based on a Cu/CuO/porous carbon nanofiber/TiO₂ hybrid composite

• Mamta Sham Lal,
• Thirugnanam Lavanya and
• Sundara Ramaprabhu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 781–793, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.78

• , PCNF, Cu/PCNF, TiO2 and Cu/CuO/PCNF/TiO2 nanocomposites were examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) as shown in Figure 3. XRD pattern of CNF and PCNF shows the most relevant characteristic peaks at 2θ = 25.4°, 44.2° and 2θ = 25.1°, 44.0°, respectively, which correspond to (002) and (101) planes with d

• synthesis steps. Photograph showing the different parts of fabricated symmetric solid-state hybrid supercapacitor (SSHSC). XRD spectra of CNF, PCNF, Cu/PCNF, TiO2 and Cu/CuO/PCNF/TiO2 composites. (a) Raman, spectra of CNF, PCNF, Cu/PCNF, TiO2 and Cu/CuO/PCNF/TiO2 composites and (b) Raman spectra of CNF

Towards rare-earth-free white light-emitting diode devices based on the combination of dicyanomethylene and pyranine as organic dyes supported on zinc single-layered hydroxide

• Jeff L. Nyalosaso,
• Rachod Boonsin,
• Pierre Vialat,
• Damien Boyer,
• Geneviève Chadeyron,
• Rachid Mahiou and
• Fabrice Leroux

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 760–770, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.75

• suspension medium, has a filamentous appearance reminding lamellar structures. Scanning electronic microscopy (Figure 3a) reveals that Zn-SLH compounds are aggregated sheets without any defined and regular shape. Figure 3b shows the powder XRD pattern of the dried Zn-SLH, similar to the one reported by Poul

• based on Zinc cations [18]. The XRD data evidenced the presence of a single phase with the following lattice parameters: a = 0.312 nm, c = 3.98 nm and d = 1.33 nm. Structures of SLHs have been described by authors such as Rogez and co-workers [18]. The structure derived from botallackite or brucite

• kV and using an Everhart–Thornley secondary-electron detector. Prior to observation, the sample was attached to adhesive carbon and then coated with Au. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of Zn-SLH was recorded with a Philips Xpert Pro diffractometer operating with Cu Kα1 radiation (λ = 1.5406 Å) in

On the transformation of “zincone”-like into porous ZnO thin films from sub-saturated plasma enhanced atomic layer deposition

• Alberto Perrotta,
• Julian Pilz,
• Stefan Pachmajer,
• Antonella Milella and
• Anna Maria Coclite

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 746–759, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.74

• doses below self-limiting values. Nanoporous ZnO thin films were subsequently obtained by calcination of the zincone-like layers between 100–600 °C. Spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were adopted in situ during calcination to investigate the removal of carbon impurities

• . Moreover, the crystallinity and crystallite orientation could be tuned, ranging from a powder-like to a (100) preferential growth in the out-of-plane direction, as measured by synchrotron-radiation grazing incidence XRD. Calcination temperature ranges were identified in which pore formation and subsequent

• fractions. The calcination of the hybrid layers was investigated in situ with spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Oxygen plasma was used as co-reactant together with diethylzinc (DEZ) in a room-temperature plasma-enhanced ALD process and, as a function of the plasma time exposure

An iridescent film of porous anodic aluminum oxide with alternatingly electrodeposited Cu and SiO₂ nanoparticles

• Menglei Chang,
• Huawen Hu,
• Haiyan Quan,
• Hongyang Wei,
• Zhangyi Xiong,
• Jiacong Lu,
• Pin Luo,
• Yaoheng Liang,
• Jianzhen Ou and
• Dongchu Chen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 735–745, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.73

• measured using an ultraviolet–visible–near infrared (UV–vis–NIR) spectrophotometer (UV-4100, Hitachi, Japan). Microstructure observation and phase-composition analyses were performed using a TD-3500 X-ray diffraction (XRD) instrument. For measuring the thickness of the thin films formed on the sample, the

• , the film thickness becomes too large reducing any interference effects. XRD patterns of the prepared samples are presented in Figure 6, and all of the samples exhibit similar diffraction patterns with peaks at 38.46°, 44.76°, 65.24°, and 68.31°, assigned to the diffraction planes of Al(111), Al(200

• ), Al(220), Al(311), respectively. There is no diffraction that can be indexed to SiO2, which might because it is present in the film as an amorphous state. Also, no signal can be noted for Cu species, which is most likely due to the low content of Cu that is below the detection limit of the XRD

Outstanding chain-extension effect and high UV resistance of polybutylene succinate containing amino-acid-modified layered double hydroxides

• Adam A. Marek,
• Vincent Verney,
• Christine Taviot-Gueho,
• Grazia Totaro,
• Laura Sisti,
• Annamaria Celli and
• Fabrice Leroux

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 684–695, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.68

• medium wavelength range of the ultraviolet C (UVC) and ultraviolet B (UVB) regions. In the present work, Mg2Al LDH materials were first organo-modified with histidine and phenylalanine using a co-precipitation method and then characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared

• spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). As expected, the UV–vis spectra showed absorbance in the UVC and UVB regions and the potential role as UV stabilizers. In a second part, PBS composites were prepared with 5 wt % of LDH filler by melt blending and once again fully characterized (XRD, TGA

• MINILAB microcompounder (Thermo Electron Corporation). The melt extrusion process was performed at 120 °C with a roller speed of 100 rpm over 5 min. A LDH mass loading of 5 wt % was used as it appeared to be the right compromise to be detected by XRD, as formerly demonstrated [15]. This was also shown to

Ultrasonication-assisted synthesis of CsPbBr₃ and Cs₄PbBr₆ perovskite nanocrystals and their reversible transformation

• Longshi Rao,
• Xinrui Ding,
• Xuewei Du,
• Guanwei Liang,
• Yong Tang,
• Kairui Tang and
• Jin Z. Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 666–676, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.66

• . The reversible transformation between Cs4PbBr6 PNCs and CsPbBr3 PNCs was achieved by changing the amounts of OAm and water. Detailed synthesis conditions are given in the Experimental section. The crystal structure and morphology of the as-prepared samples were determined by XRD and TEM. As shown in

• amount of OAm was increased to 3.0 mL, while all other conditions were kept the same. The phase of the obtained product was characterized by XRD, as shown in Figure 4a. The XRD pattern with peaks at 2θ = 12.9, 20.1, 22.4, 25.6, 28.6 30.3, 30.9, 34.1, 39.3, and 45.7° correspond to diffractions from (110

• transformation process. After the addition of small amounts of water, a PL emission peak at 518 nm appeared and gradually increased in intensity, suggesting a luminescent product was formed. XRD measurements were carried out to determine the phase of the obtained product. As shown in Figure 6d, the XRD

Ultrathin hydrophobic films based on the metal organic framework UiO-66-COOH(Zr)

• Miguel A. Andrés,
• Clemence Sicard,
• Christian Serre,
• Olivier Roubeau and
• Ignacio Gascón

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 654–665, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.65

• OPD/MOF ultrathin films have been fabricated onto glass, calcium fluoride, quartz crystal microbalance (QCM), Si(100) substrates and mica and characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM

Enhancement in thermoelectric properties due to Ag nanoparticles incorporated in Bi₂Te₃ matrix

• Srashti Gupta,
• Dinesh Chandra Agarwal,
• Bathula Sivaiah,
• Sankarakumar Amrithpandian,
• Kandasami Asokan,
• Ajay Dhar,
• Binaya Kumar Panigrahi,
• Devesh Kumar Avasthi and
• Vinay Gupta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 634–643, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.63

• characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and thermoelectric measurements. XRD measurements were performed using a Bruker D8 Avance diffractometer with Cu Kα (1.5406 Å) radiation. TEM investigations were carried out using a LIBRA 200 FE HRTEM. Gatan software [22] was used

• using a commercial instrument (Ulvac, ZEM3). The instrument error during TE measurements is ±5%. Results and Discussion X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy selected area electron diffraction X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of Bi2Te3 with different concentrations of Ag (0, 5 and 20 wt

• %) annealed at 573 and 773 K are shown in Figure 1a. The XRD patterns show main peaks of Bi2Te3 (rhombohedral) at 2θ = 27.8° (d-spacing: ≈0.321 nm), 37.98° (≈ 0.237 nm), 40.2° (≈0.223 nm), 41.2° (≈0.219 nm), 44.58° (≈0.203 nm), 50.4° (≈0.181 nm), 54.12° (≈0.169 nm) and 57.2° (≈0.161 nm) corresponding to the

Topochemical engineering of composite hybrid fibers using layered double hydroxides and abietic acid

• Liji Sobhana,
• Lokesh Kesavan,
• Jan Gustafsson and
• Pedro Fardim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 589–605, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.60

• groups of AA to obtain charge-directed assembly of one material on the other material. Thus, composite hybrid fibers (C-HF) were produced and then characterized by optical (CAM), spectroscopic (XRD, IR) and microscopic techniques (SEM) to determine their average length and distribution, structure and

• confirmed by XRD. Out of these three components, AA and cellulose (pulp) were commercially obtained ingredients, whereas LDH was synthesized in situ. XRD might be helpful for gathering more information about formation, purity and grafting on cellulose of LDH. The characteristic d003 line spacing of 0.77 nm

• brucite layers were already utilized to graft cellulose through cellulosic O–H polarization. Thus, LDH act as a perfect structure-directing agent in C-HF materials. The XRD spectra of C-HF show a convergence of diffraction peaks of cellulose and AA at 14–16°, a shift from 14.77° to 15.20° and enhanced

Ceria/polymer nanocontainers for high-performance encapsulation of fluorophores

• Kartheek Katta,
• Dmitry Busko,
• Yuri Avlasevich,
• Katharina Landfester,
• Stanislav Baluschev and
• Rafael Muñoz-Espí

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 522–530, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.53

• TEM images presented in Figure 2 demonstrate that the inorganic ceria nanoparticles were efficiently crystallized on the surface (Figure 2a,b shows the pristine sample NC and Figure 2c,d shows the hybrid sample, labeled as NC-CeO2). The X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of the hybrid sample, shown in

• nanocapsules. Electron micrographs of the prepared capsules: a) SEM and b) TEM of carboxylate-functionalized polystyrene hybrid nanocapsules (sample NC); c) SEM and d) TEM of ceria/polymer hybrid samples (sample NC-CeO2) [21]. XRD pattern of hybrid polystyrene nanocapsules with cerium(IV) oxide on the surface

• . Acknowledgements The source of this article is the doctoral dissertation of the first author, Dr. Katheek Katta (Uniform Resource Name: urn:nbn:de:hebis:77-diss-1000007157). Michael Steiert, Petra Räder, Gunnar Glaßer, and Katrin Kirchhoff are acknowledged for XRD, TGA, EDX, and high-resolution TEM measurements

A porous 3D-RGO@MWCNT hybrid material as Li–S battery cathode

• Yongguang Zhang,
• Jun Ren,
• Yan Zhao,
• Taizhe Tan,
• Fuxing Yin and
• Yichao Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 514–521, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.52

• discussed later in the electrochemical analysis. Figure 4a presents the XRD patterns for pure S, 3D-RGO@MWCNT and the S-3D-RGO@MWCNT composite. The XRD pattern of 3D-RGO@MWCNT exhibits two broad characteristic peaks of RGO at around 22° and 43°. Moreover, a diffraction peak around 26° for 3D-RGO@MWCNT

• corresponds to the MWCNTs. In the XRD pattern of S-3D-RGO@MWCNT, the major characteristic peaks of crystalline sulfur are observed, which further confirm the preservation of crystalline sulfur in the composite after adding sulfur. The Raman spectra demonstrates that the ratio ID/IG decreased from 1.12 in 3D

• @MWCNT composite. The cathode was fabricated by coating a slurry of S-3D-RGO@MWCNT, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and carbon black (mass ratio 8:1:1) on a carbon-coated Al foil. Materials characterization X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of the as-prepared 3D-RGO@MWCNT composite were obtained using XRD

Temperature-dependent Raman spectroscopy and sensor applications of PtSe₂ nanosheets synthesized by wet chemistry

• Mahendra S. Pawar and
• Dattatray J. Late

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 467–474, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.46

• method used to grow PtSe2 nanosheets followed by thermal annealing. The SEM and TEM analysis confirms the formation of PtSe2 nanosheets. Furthermore, XRD, Raman, XPS and SAED patterns were used to analyze the crystal structure and to confirm the formation of the PtSe2 phase. The temperature-dependent

• carried out at ambient pressure and room temperature. Results and Discussion Structural characterization The structural characterization was carried out using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy. Figure 1a shows the typical XRD pattern of the as-prepared sample deposited on a Si substrate. XRD

• was performed on a PANalytical X’pert pro dual goniometer diffractometer using Cu Kα radiation. The samples were mounted flat and scanned between 10 to 60°. The XRD pattern of the as-prepared sample shows the strong characteristic peaks around 2θ = 17.41° and 33.17° belonging to the (001) and (011

Reduced graphene oxide supported C₃N₄ nanoflakes and quantum dots as metal-free catalysts for visible light assisted CO₂ reduction

• Md Rakibuddin and
• Haekyoung Kim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 448–458, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.44

• significantly decreased. The shifting and decrease in intensity of the (002) peak indicates structural changes of the 2D g-C3N4 nanosheets to 1D NFs and 0D QDs. The XRD peak intensity of a plane is largely dependent on its internal structure. When the nanosheet transforms into QDs/NFs by acid cutting and

• peak at ≈316 nm, which is shifted to ≈285 nm (higher energy) after the formation of QDs (CN-5 QD) due to the breaking of C=N links [39]. Hence, XRD, XPS, IR and UV studies show the successful structural transformation of g-C3N4 nanosheets to QDs and the presence of possible organic functionalities in

• temperature during hydrothermal heating. XRD, TEM, IR, UV and XPS studies confirmed the structural transformation of the nanosheet to QDs, and also the presence of rGO in the GCN hybrid. The as-prepared CN-5 (QD) exhibited better photoreduction of CO2 and generation of HCHO compared to the CN-10 and CN-20 NFs

Nanocomposite–parylene C thin films with high dielectric constant and low losses for future organic electronic devices

• Marwa Mokni,
• Gianluigi Maggioni,
• Abdelkader Kahouli,
• Sara M. Carturan,
• Walter Raniero and
• Alain Sylvestre

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 428–441, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.42

• in the plasma-deposited samples, as already pointed out by the XRD analysis, consisting in a decrease of the preferred orientation of parylene nanocrystallites. As a matter of fact, the surrounding chemical environment of any molecule affects the IR activity of its vibrational modes (i.e., the

• total parylene amount (in monomeric units·cm−2). The total thickness (in µm, last column) was measured by a mechanical profilometer. XRD data and AFM roughness of NCPC samples: effect of Ag incorporation on the peak width (FWHM) and roughness (Ra, Rq) of the films.

Improving control of carbide-derived carbon microstructure by immobilization of a transition-metal catalyst within the shell of carbide/carbon core–shell structures

• Teguh Ariyanto,
• Jan Glaesel,
• Andreas Kern,
• Gui-Rong Zhang and
• Bastian J. M. Etzold

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 419–427, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.41

• of the carbon material is characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), temperature-programmed oxidation (TPO) and physisorption analysis. Results and Discussion Properties of CDC-shell/carbide core starting material First of all, the properties of the hybrid starting material (Figure 1, left) were

• 1200 °C to obtain the final material (Figure 1, right). The amount of nickel added was varied from 5 up to 60 mg of nickel per gram of equivalent carbide. The effect of nickel catalyst on the microstructure of final carbon was investigated using XRD, temperature-programmed oxidation (TPO), HRTEM and

• Raman spectroscopy. The XRD patterns for the different catalyst loadings are given in Figure 3a. The CDC-Ni0 reference material shows no reflexes indicating an amorphous character, which is in agreement with the literature [15]. Once adding graphitization catalyst (CDC-Ni5 to CDC-Ni60) clearly graphitic

Biocompatible organic–inorganic hybrid materials based on nucleobases and titanium developed by molecular layer deposition

• Leva Momtazi,
• Henrik H. Sønsteby and
• Ola Nilsen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 399–411, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.39

• thickness and refractive index indicates that the films are restructured to a less dense structure. However, XRD analysis did not show any sign of crystallinity for both types of as-deposited films (deposited at 225 °C). The thickness and index of refraction for the Ti-adenine system was virtually

• investigated by XRD. While the Ti-thymine film deposited at 225 °C did not show any sign of crystallinity by XRD, the Ti-thymine film deposited at 250 °C showed two distinct XRD reflections at 2θ below 15 degrees (with d values of 12.44 Å and 6.22 Å). These are clear multiples of each other and possibly

• containing thymine or titanium oxide. Overall, a more in-depth investigation of the structure of the Ti-thymine films should be performed. No sign of crystallinity was observed for Ti-adenine and Ti-uracil by AFM or XRD. We used XPS as a qualitative investigation of the chemical state in the thin films prior

Integration of LaMnO_3+δ films on platinized silicon substrates for resistive switching applications by PI-MOCVD

• Raquel Rodriguez-Lamas,
• Dolors Pla,
• Odette Chaix-Pluchery,
• Benjamin Meunier,
• Fabrice Wilhelm,
• Andrei Rogalev,
• Laetitia Rapenne,
• Xavier Mescot,
• Quentin Rafhay,
• Hervé Roussel,
• Michel Boudard,
• Carmen Jiménez and
• Mónica Burriel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 389–398, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.38

• analyzed by semi-quantitative energy-dispersive X-ray analyses (EDX) using an Oxford Inca Energy detector coupled to the SEM. A combined study in X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy was performed to determine the crystal structure of the films and to detect the presence/absence of secondary

• phases. XRD was measured in grazing incidence configuration (GIXRD) in a 5-circle Rigaku Smartlab diffractometer to enhance the diffraction signal from the polycrystalline films and minimize the signal of the platinized silicon substrate. Raman spectra were collected using a Jobin Yvon/Horiba Labram

• , probably due to the difference in growth temperature between the two steps, but no flower bouquet effect is observed for this thickness of ca. 100 nm. The first step of the phase identification for the LMO films grown by strategies I, II and III was performed by GIXRD. The XRD patterns corresponding to

One-step nonhydrolytic sol–gel synthesis of mesoporous TiO₂ phosphonate hybrid materials

• Yanhui Wang,
• P. Hubert Mutin and
• Johan G. Alauzun

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 356–362, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.35

• assigned to a deformation mode of adsorbed water), and also of surface hydroxyl groups resulting from the hydrolysis of residual surface groups during washing or manipulation under air. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of TiO2 and of the hybrid samples are presented in Figure 3. The patterns of TiP0.02

• and TiP0.05 showed the presence of well-crystallized anatase nanocrystals (JCPDS 21-1272), as in the TiO2 sample. There was no evidence of rutile. The TiP0.1 sample appeared partially crystallized, while the TiP0.2 sample was amorphous in XRD experiments. The crystallite size (Table 1) of the hybrid

• samples decreased with the P/Ti ratio from 16 to 6 nm. The lower intensity of the (004) reflection compared to the (200) reflection indicated that the crystallites are not elongated and have a roughly spherical morphology. Raman spectroscopy (Figure 4) confirmed the XRD results. For P/Ti ratios between 0

A Ni(OH)₂ nanopetals network for high-performance supercapacitors synthesized by immersing Ni nanofoam in water

• Donghui Zheng,
• Man Li,
• Yongyan Li,
• Chunling Qin,
• Yichao Wang and
• Zhifeng Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 281–293, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.27

• mm wide and ca. 25 µm thick) were successfully obtained and were denoted as Ni(OH)2/Ni-NF/MG-2, Ni(OH)2/Ni-NF/MG-5, Ni(OH)2/Ni-NF/MG-7, respectively, according to the number of days immersed. Instrumental methods The phase structure of the as-obtained composites was measured by X-ray diffraction (XRD

• typical XRD patterns of the as-spun ribbon, the as-dealloyed ribbon and the as-synthesized Ni(OH)2/Ni-NF/MG composites immersed in deionized water for different days. The original ribbon presents a characteristic broad halo peak of metallic glass without appreciable sharp crystalline peaks, indicating the

• , respectively. The SAED pattern taken from a single nanopetal shown in Figure 3e indicates that the Ni(OH)2 nanopetals are polycrystalline. The diffraction rings belong to the (100), (101), and (110) planes of Ni(OH)2, respectively, which is consistent with the XRD results and can further confirm the successful

Site-specific growth of oriented ZnO nanocrystal arrays

• Rekha Bai,
• Dinesh K. Pandya,
• Sujeet Chaudhary,
• Veer Dhaka,
• Vladislav Khayrudinov,
• Jori Lemettinen,
• Christoffer Kauppinen and
• Harri Lipsanen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 274–280, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.26

• in order to reduce the surface energy accumulated from pore wall constrained growth. The branched coupled crystals are thus formed. So, we can conclude that the size of the patterned pore plays a crucial role to determine the morphology developed during the growth process. XRD spectra of twinned ZnO

• NCs grown on the bare and patterned ITO substrates are shown in Figure 3. The XRD patterns of all the samples show that all the observed peaks correspond to hexagonal wurtzite phase (JCPDS 05-0664) of ZnO. The absence of any additional peak suggests that no other phase is formed. The peak marked by

• (*) emerged from the underlying ITO substrate. The substrate peak has relatively low intensity since the used GIXRD setup measures the volume close to the sample surface. It can be further seen that the XRD pattern of ZnO NCs grown on bare ITO does not show any preferential orientation for a particular plane

Relation between thickness, crystallite size and magnetoresistance of nanostructured La_1−xSr_xMn_yO_3±δ films for magnetic field sensors

• Rasuole Lukose,
• Valentina Plausinaitiene,
• Milita Vagner,
• Nerija Zurauskiene,
• Skirmantas Kersulis,
• Virgaudas Kubilius,
• Karolis Motiejuitis,
• Birute Knasiene,
• Voitech Stankevic,
• Zita Saltyte,
• Martynas Skapas,
• Algirdas Selskis and
• Evaldas Naujalis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 256–261, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.24

• angles indicates the reduction of the a and c lattice parameters. The LeBail modelling of the XRD patterns showed the linear dependence of lattice parameters on the film thickness (Figure 2f). Additionally, the reduction of (n0n) peak intensities was observed for nanostructured LSMO films with a decrease

• in the XRD diffraction patterns was performed by using the computer program TOPAS 4.2. The XRD peak shape corrections were proceeded with LaB6 powder standard (SRM660a) certificated by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. The morphology of the films was investigated by SEM (Hitachi

• represent the characteristic peaks of LSMO in rhombohedral distortion. (f) The a and c lattice parameters calculated from XRD patterns for LSMO films of both series. (a) Resistivity dependence on temperature for nanostructured LSMO films with thickness in the range of 30–480 nm grown on Al2O3 substrates; (b

Interaction of Te and Se interlayers with Ag or Au nanofilms in sandwich structures

• Arkadiusz Ciesielski,
• Lukasz Skowronski,
• Marek Trzcinski,
• Ewa Górecka,
• Wojciech Pacuski and
• Tomasz Szoplik

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 238–246, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.22

• the crystallinity, atomic concentration profile and optical parameters of ≈35 nm-thick silver and gold layers deposited on glass substrates with 2 nm-thick tellurium or selenium interlayers. Our study, based on X-ray reflectometry (XRR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS

• of developed voids, which is linked with the density profile, may strongly influence the segregation characteristics. Here, we report on XRD and XRR measurements to investigate the crystallinity of Ag and Au nanolayers deposited on SiO2 substrates with 2 nm-thick Te or Se interlayers. XPS allowed us

• metal films Table 1 shows the XRD-derived average grain size and lattice constant values of 35 nm-thick silver and gold layers deposited on SiO2 substrates with 2 nm-thick Te and Se interlayers, while Figure 1 shows the XRR spectra and extracted density profiles of these multilayers. Neither Te nor Se

Raman study of flash-lamp annealed aqueous Cu₂ZnSnS₄ nanocrystals

• Yevhenii Havryliuk,
• Oleksandr Selyshchev,
• Mykhailo Valakh,
• Alexandra Raevskaya,
• Oleksandr Stroyuk,
• Constance Schmidt,
• Volodymyr Dzhagan and
• Dietrich R. T. Zahn

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 222–227, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.20

• lower frequency values can be cation disorder [10][39], the formation of other polytypes, particularly so-called disordered KS [10][39], stannite [39][41], and wurtzite (WZ) [42][43][44]. Based on the XRD data of our samples [21], we can exclude the WZ phase. Furthermore, the Raman spectra of freshly

• structure. A good correlation of the NC size obtained from UV–vis spectra (on fresh solutions) and from XRD (on films) reported in [21] seems to rule out reason (ii) as a major contributor. Therefore, most likely there are some structural changes in the cationic sublattice, similar to what we reported for

• , can be performed under ambient conditions, making this procedure even more suitable for mass production. Experimental The synthesis of the CZTS NCs used in this work and the basic characterization by UV–vis, XRD, Raman spectroscopy and TEM were reported by us previously [21]. Shortly, the CZTS NCs

Uniform Sb₂S₃ optical coatings by chemical spray method

• Jako S. Eensalu,
• Atanas Katerski,
• Erki Kärber,
• Ilona Oja Acik,
• Arvo Mere and
• Malle Krunks

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 198–210, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.18

• temperatures [16]. The vibrational bands corresponding to Sb2O3 were not detected by Raman spectroscopy in any of the studied glass/ITO/TiO2/Sb2S3 samples. X-ray diffraction (XRD) provides qualitative information on the phase composition and crystal structure. XRD patterns of reference glass/ITO/TiO2 samples

• and samples containing XRD-amorphous Sb2S3 (3-200-As-dep., 3-210-As-dep., Figure 2A; 6-200-As-dep., Figure 2B) show only diffraction peaks corresponding to cubic In2O3 (2θ = 21.3°, 30.4°, 35.3°, 37.4°, 41.4°, 45.3°, ICDD PDF 03-065-3170) and anatase-TiO2 (25.3°, 48.2°, ICDD PDF 00-016-0617). The

• diffraction peaks of orthorhombic Sb2S3 (ICDD PDF 01-075-4012), space group Pnma (D2h16) [20][24][25], appear in XRD patterns of lustrous gray as-deposited and thermally treated Sb2S3 samples (3-200-170, 3-210-170, 3-210-200, 3-220-As-dep., 3-220-170, 3-220-200, Figure 2A; 6-200-170, 6-210-As-dep., 6-210-170