Electronic and magnetic properties of doped black phosphorene with concentration dependence

• Ke Wang,
• Hai Wang,
• Min Zhang,
• Yan Liu and
• Wei Zhao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 993–1001, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.100

• shown in Figure 6. In Figure 6, charge accumulation is depicted by the gold isosurface, while the cyan isosurface represents charge depletion. The isosurfaces are separated by ±0.04 e/Å3. From Figure 6, one can find clearly that the Si atom donates electrons to three neighboring phosphorus atoms. The S

• phosphorene with (a) 2 × 2 × 1, (b) 3 × 3 × 1, (c) 4 × 4 × 1, and (d) 5 × 5 × 1 supercell, respectively; (e–h) CDDs of S-doped phosphorene with (e) 2 × 2 × 1, (f) 3 × 3 × 1, (g) 4 × 4 × 1 and (h) 5 × 5 × 1 supercells, respectively. The gold (cyan) isosurfaces represent charge accumulation (depletion), and the

Effects of gold and PCL- or PLLA-coated silica nanoparticles on brain endothelial cells and the blood–brain barrier

• Aniela Bittner,
• Angélique D. Ducray,
• Hans Rudolf Widmer,
• Michael H. Stoffel and
• Meike Mevissen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 941–954, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.95

• and lysosomes in microglia [10]. None of the NPs investigated resulted in cytotoxicity, decreased cell viability, apoptosis, autophagy or inflammation. However, exposure to NPs led to oxidative stress via depletion of cellular glutathione and to a downregulation of neuronal differentiation markers in

In situ AFM visualization of Li–O₂ battery discharge products during redox cycling in an atmospherically controlled sample cell

• Kumar Virwani,
• Younes Ansari,
• Khanh Nguyen,
• Francisco José Alía Moreno-Ortiz,
• Jangwoo Kim,
• Maxwell J. Giammona,
• Ho-Cheol Kim and
• Young-Hye La

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 930–940, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.94

• surface are still visible. We speculate that under these conditions the cell dies due to the depletion of O2 as a result of slow transport through the electrolyte limited by diffusion in contrast with conventional differential electrochemical mass spectrometry (DEMS) cells where oxygen is bubbled through

Synthesis of MnO₂–CuO–Fe₂O₃/CNTs catalysts: low-temperature SCR activity and formation mechanism

• Yanbing Zhang,
• Lihua Liu,
• Yingzan Chen,
• Xianglong Cheng,
• Chengjian Song,
• Mingjie Ding and
• Haipeng Zhao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 848–855, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.85

• activity; Introduction Nitrogen oxides, NOx (x = 1, 2), contribute to acid rain, photochemical smog, greenhouse effect and ozone depletion [1][2][3]. The selective catalytic reduction of NO with NH3 (SCR), as a commercialized NOx abatement technology, has received a great deal of attention [4][5]. However

Trapping polysulfide on two-dimensional molybdenum disulfide for Li–S batteries through phase selection with optimized binding

• Sha Dong,
• Xiaoli Sun and
• Zhiguo Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 774–780, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.77

• charge gain and loss, respectively. It can be observed that there is charge depletion in Li2Sx and the 2H-MoS2 monolayer, and that charge accumulates between the Li atoms and the S atoms of 2H-MoS2, suggesting a chemical Li–S bond between Li2Sx and the 2H-MoS2 monolayer. With increasing x the charge

The effect of translation on the binding energy for transition-metal porphyrines adsorbed on Ag(111) surface

• Luiza Buimaga-Iarinca and
• Cristian Morari

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 706–717, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.70

• charge transfer occurs through a whole range of effects, from chemical bonds to Pauli push-back of electrons from the close shells and from the surface [69][70][71]. The accumulation of charge in the region between the molecule and the surface indicates the formation of a chemical bond while a depletion

Uniform Sb₂S₃ optical coatings by chemical spray method

• Jako S. Eensalu,
• Atanas Katerski,
• Erki Kärber,
• Ilona Oja Acik,
• Arvo Mere and
• Malle Krunks

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 198–210, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.18

• , Figure 4C,D). The decreasing layer thickness indicates that approximately a quarter of Sb2S3 by volume has either evaporated or sublimated, i.e., volatilized. Incongruent evaporation, i.e., depletion of sulfur in Sb2S3 during evaporation, may cause the change in Sb2S3 layer morphology, as volatilization

Wet chemistry route for the decoration of carbon nanotubes with iron oxide nanoparticles for gas sensing

• Hussam M. Elnabawy,
• Juan Casanova-Chafer,
• Badawi Anis,
• Mostafa Fedawy,
• Mattia Scardamaglia,
• Carla Bittencourt,
• Ahmed S. G. Khalil,
• Eduard Llobet and
• Xavier Vilanova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 105–118, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.10

• an increase in the electrical resistance of the active layer. This fact can be attributed to the p–n junctions formed between the p-type CNTs and the n-type iron oxide nanoparticles, with the formation of associated depletion layers. The p-type behavior of the decorated nanotubes suggests that, when

• the sensor is exposed to NO2, the response is mainly due to the CNTs. In this case, the iron oxide NPs contribute to the enhancement of the response via a reduction of their associated depletion layer when NO2 molecules adsorb on the surface of NPs, which increases the conductivity of the layer

Femtosecond laser-assisted fabrication of chalcopyrite micro-concentrator photovoltaics

• Franziska Ringleb,
• Stefan Andree,
• Berit Heidmann,
• Jörn Bonse,
• Katharina Eylers,
• Owen Ernst,
• Torsten Boeck,
• Martina Schmid and
• Jörg Krüger

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 3025–3038, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.281

• existing island due to the constant depletion of freely diffusing indium. The radius around each island within which further nucleation is suppressed extends up to several hundred micrometers, depending on the experimental conditions [17]. The schematic process of indium island growth on molybdenum-covered

Hydrogen-induced plasticity in nanoporous palladium

• Markus Gößler,
• Eva-Maria Steyskal,
• Markus Stütz,
• Norbert Enzinger and
• Roland Würschum

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 3013–3024, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.280

• depletion of PdHα at a value below −0.99 V is consistent with values reported for palladium thin films [31][32]. The threshold values for the palladium hydride β-phase formation (−0.96 V) and the potential of α-phase depletion (−0.99 V) can be used for a phase distinction in current-controlled experiments

• formation threshold in the fifth loading cycle, which is marked as “onset of PdHβ” in Figure 5. The potential of PdHα depletion was crossed during the 11th loading cycle, which is also indicated in Figure 5. Both strain features present in potentiostatic experiments during desorption, namely the strain

• region of phase coexistence of PdHα and PdHβ. As soon as the voltage of PdHα depletion (−0.99 V) is crossed in the 11th cycle of the galvanostatic loading series, a continuous length increase upon absorption due to expansion of the β-phase is observed in Figure 5, as a straining of PdHα is obviously no

Colloidal chemistry with patchy silica nanoparticles

• Pierre-Etienne Rouet,
• Cyril Chomette,
• Laurent Adumeau,
• Etienne Duguet and
• Serge Ravaine

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2989–2998, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.278

• a specific number of dimples (i.e., entropic patches [17]) can act as “locks” and assemble with small spheres (“keys”) via depletion interactions to give rise to well-defined CMs [18]. The valence of each lock particle is determined by the number of the cavities whereas their symmetry determines the

Charged particle single nanometre manufacturing

• Philip D. Prewett,
• Cornelis W. Hagen,
• Claudia Lenk,
• Steve Lenk,
• Marcus Kaestner,
• Tzvetan Ivanov,
• Ahmad Ahmad,
• Ivo W. Rangelow,
• Xiaoqing Shi,
• Stuart A. Boden,
• Alex P. G. Robinson,
• Dongxu Yang,
• Sangeetha Hari,
• Marijke Scotuzzi and
• Ejaz Huq

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2855–2882, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.266

• calculations have been carried out with the aim of providing quantitative results. Utke [67] studied the relation between electron flux, precursor dissociation, depletion and diffusion, deriving scaling laws that allow for the determination of EBID resolution as a function of the balance between these

Graphene-enhanced metal oxide gas sensors at room temperature: a review

• Dongjin Sun,
• Yifan Luo,
• Marc Debliquy and
• Chao Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2832–2844, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.264

• transformed into O−. When the temperature is above 397 °C, the oxygen anions are converted into O2−. The reaction equations are as follows: For n-type semiconductors, the electrons will continue to be captured from the surface of the semiconductors so that the width of electron depletion layer increases when

• exposed to oxidizing gases, increasing the electrical resistance. The gas molecules act as electron donors to the semiconductors when exposed to reducing gases, meaning that the width of electron depletion layer decreases, which decreases the resistance of the sensor. For p-type semiconductors, the width

• summary, the SnO2–rGO sensor allow for the transition of electrons even at room temperature because of its low Schottky barrier. When exposed to air at room temperature, oxygen molecules obtain electrons from n-type SnO2–rGO hybrids to form O2−. The electron depletion layers generated on the interfaces of

Pattern generation for direct-write three-dimensional nanoscale structures via focused electron beam induced deposition

• Lukas Keller and
• Michael Huth

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2581–2598, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.240

• subject to diffusive drain of precursor because of the precursor depletion caused by the previous DE. There are two possible strategies to deal with this problem: compensate for it or avoid it as far as possible. Within our approach a compensation algorithm implies a suitable renormalization of sF for all

• will influence the proximity effect. Long dwell times will result in an increase of the time between two successive DEs which can be beneficial in avoiding proximity effects. However, at the same time long dwell times reduce the time-averaged deposition rate per DE because of precursor depletion. In

Nanocellulose: Recent advances and its prospects in environmental remediation

• Katrina Pui Yee Shak,
• Yean Ling Pang and
• Shee Keat Mah

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2479–2498, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.232

• properties. For instance, Sun et al. [144] reported the effectiveness of applying CNCs to flocculate Gram negative bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1). The study found that the flocculation efficiency based on the depletion of bacteria depended on the shape of the cellulose colloidal particles. In this

Thickness-dependent photoelectrochemical properties of a semitransparent Co₃O₄ photocathode

• Malkeshkumar Patel and
• Joondong Kim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2432–2442, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.228

• level, indicating catalytic properties of the Co3O4 material, may have an advantage as the photoinduced current is of great interest in achieving photoinduced water reduction reactions in PEC cells. When the PEC cell containing the Co3O4 working electrode went to the depletion region from a flat band

• condition, the photoresponse was prominent, as shown in Figure 3b. The low dark current (Jd), which is consistent throughout the potential from 0.8 to 0.1 V vs RHE, confirms the chemical stability of the Co3O4 material. Meanwhile, these results also characterized the photoactive properties of the depletion

• flat band to depletion condition); (c) 1.4 to 0.8 V vs RHE (covering the onset potential, which is close to the flat band potential as well as OER). Surface morphology of the 170 nm thick Co3O4 film on FTO/glass showing (a) the pores with diameters of 14–20 nm and (b) Co3O4 nanocrystals with diameters

Droplet-based synthesis of homogeneous magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles

• Christian D. Ahrberg,
• Ji Wook Choi and
• Bong Geun Chung

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2413–2420, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.226

• (Figure 5A, Figure S3A,B in Supporting Information File 1). At short residence times (2–8 min), the effect of small changes in residence time on the mean particle diameter is quite large. At longer residence times, however, the effect becomes smaller due to depletion of reagents, and hence a slowdown of

A differential Hall effect measurement method with sub-nanometre resolution for active dopant concentration profiling in ultrathin doped Si_1−xGe_x and Si layers

• Richard Daubriac,
• Emmanuel Scheid,
• Hiba Rizk,
• Richard Monflier,
• Sylvain Joblot,
• Rémi Beneyton,
• Pablo Acosta Alba,
• Sébastien Kerdilès and
• Filadelfo Cristiano

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1926–1939, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.184

• ] indicated a perfect correlation between measured activation and simulated activation, suggesting that dielectric confinement affects more significantly 3D than 2D structures at low dimensions. Finally, when quantifying the active dopant and mobility depth profiles with DHE, the surface-depletion effect

• should be considered [41][42]. This results from carriers becoming trapped in surface states and can lead to a depletion of carriers below the surface. As a consequence, the DHE profile might require a correction (depth-scale translation) corresponding to the depletion width. And in the case of non

• -uniform doping profiles, the depletion width (and the related correction) will vary with depth. For example, in the particular case discussed in this section, the investigated 20 nm thick SiGe layer is uniformly doped at 1019 cm−3. For typical silicon-dioxide charge densities of 1012 cm−2·eV−1, simple

Nanoscale electrochemical response of lithium-ion cathodes: a combined study using C-AFM and SIMS

• Jonathan Op de Beeck,
• Nouha Labyedh,
• Alfonso Sepúlveda,
• Valentina Spampinato,
• Alexis Franquet,
• Thierry Conard,
• Philippe M. Vereecken,
• Wilfried Vandervorst and
• Umberto Celano

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1623–1628, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.154

• tip positively biased at 10 V (red trace). The large hysteresis observed in the second case, demonstrates that by stressing the sample surface with a negative dc sample bias a strong depletion of Li ions occurs such that a higher resistance change can be obtained under the tip while attracting the Li

• electrical conductivity as highly lithiated regions show enhanced electrical conductivity. Appearance of the ionic hysteresis and influence of Li depletion during preconditioning. (a) The hysteresis loop visible in the I–V curves is indicating the local change in resistance under the tip induced by the Li

Nanocomposites comprised of homogeneously dispersed magnetic iron-oxide nanoparticles and poly(methyl methacrylate)

• Sašo Gyergyek,
• David Pahovnik,
• Ema Žagar,
• Alenka Mertelj,
• Rok Kostanjšek,
• Miloš Beković,
• Marko Jagodič,
• Heinrich Hofmann and
• Darko Makovec

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1613–1622, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.153

• compatible with hydrophobic polymers, such as PMMA. Usually, oleic or ricinoleic acid (RA) is bound to the surface of the nanoparticles to make them hydrophobic [17][18]. However, this is usually insufficient to prevent depletion flocculation in the polymer solution or polymer melt [19][20][21]. This problem

• probably the result of the depletion layer surrounding the nanoparticles, causing their flocculation to decrease the excluded volume of polymer chains [19][20][21][29]. To test if any of the added compounds stabilize the suspension of NPs in the PMMA polymer solution, the polymerization of MMA was

• , free flowing, swollen gel that after a prolonged time (≈24 h) self-separated into a colloidal suspension and a gel. Recent experimental and theoretical work on depletion forces has shown that depletion attraction is actually the short-range component of a more general structural interaction [19]. When

Absence of free carriers in silicon nanocrystals grown from phosphorus- and boron-doped silicon-rich oxide and oxynitride

• Daniel Hiller,
• Julian López-Vidrier,
• Keita Nomoto,
• Michael Wahl,
• Wolfgang Bock,
• Tomáš Chlouba,
• František Trojánek,
• Sebastian Gutsch,
• Margit Zacharias,
• Dirk König,
• Petr Malý and
• Michael Kopnarski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1501–1511, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.141

• oxide are SiH4 and N2O. Since Si-rich oxides have to be grown in O-depletion, some of the N-radicals present in the plasma react with the Si and are subsequently incorporated in the film. The resulting material is inevitably a Si-rich oxynitride (SRON) with in our case ≈10 atom % N [16]. Considering

Chemistry for electron-induced nanofabrication

• Petra Swiderek,
• Hubertus Marbach and
• Cornelis W. Hagen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1317–1320, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.124

• and transport phenomena. The previously developed continuum model describes the precursor adsorption equilibrium and surface diffusion as well as depletion by electron-initiated fragmentation and can thus predict the shape of a deposit. In this Thematic Series, an extension of this model is described

Formation mechanisms of boron oxide films fabricated by large-area electron beam-induced deposition of trimethyl borate

• Aiden A. Martin and
• Philip J. Depond

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1282–1287, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.120

• temperature using TMB precursor are shown in Figure 2a. The material is rapidly deposited at room temperature and the rate sharply decreases with increasing substrate temperature. The sharp decrease in the rate of material deposition is caused by surface-coverage depletion of the precursor on the substrate at

• , diffusion-limited replenishment of TMB precursor results in an abrupt inner edge in the deposition profile. (c) Elemental maps of boron, carbon and oxygen at the TMB precursor depletion boundary measured by EDS (the region is indicated by the red box in (b)). Regions noted in Figure 3 as center, diffusion

Semi-automatic spray pyrolysis deposition of thin, transparent, titania films as blocking layers for dye-sensitized and perovskite solar cells

• Hana Krýsová,
• Josef Krýsa and
• Ladislav Kavan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1135–1145, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.105

• post-calcined at 500 °C contain pinholes and cracks through which the electrolyte can reach the FTO surface. As TiO2 is under strong depletion at these potentials, no anodic current of, for example, water oxidation, is expected to flow at the perfectly compact titania electrode in dark. The blocking

• these potentials titania is in the depletion regime. The cathodic current onset (beginning [Fe(CN)6]3− reduction) appears at potentials negative to the φFB when the titania electrode is in the accumulation regime, mimicking metallic behaviour. Defects, such as cracks in the blocking layer are thus

• electroreduction of ferricyanide to ferrocyanide is expected to occur at −0.2 V, because anatase is in the depletion regime. This is indeed observed for our TAA-AcAc films. Actually, the occurrence of the electroreduction peak at −0.2 V at some other compact (pinhole-free) TiO2 layers (cf. Figure 6) is less clear

A simple extension of the commonly used fitting equation for oscillatory structural forces in case of silica nanoparticle suspensions

• Sebastian Schön and
• Regine von Klitzing

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1095–1107, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.101

• fitting parameters in the system studied here. Keywords: confinement; depletion; fitting; silica nanoparticles; structural forces; Introduction Oscillatory structural forces are a genuine feature observed for simple and complex fluids in the vicinity of smooth surfaces [1][2]. Due to the ubiquitous