High-performance asymmetric supercapacitor made of NiMoO₄ nanorods@Co₃O₄ on a cellulose-based carbon aerogel

• Meixia Wang,
• Jing Zhang,
• Xibin Yi,
• Benxue Liu,
• Xinfu Zhao and
• Xiaochan Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 240–251, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.18

• can provide a much higher specific capacitance as a result of rapid reversible redox reactions [9][10]. Recently, advanced electrode materials based on transition metal molybdates such as NiMoO4 [11], CoMoO4 [12], MnMoO4 [13] and FeMoO4 [14] with suitable oxidation states and unique electrochemical

• properties are regarded as very promising materials for pseudocapacitors [15][16]. Particularly, NiMoO4 has been widely applied in high-performance pseudocapacitors due to its enhanced electrochemical properties resulting from the high electrochemical activity of the Ni ion and the superb electrical

• construction of an integrated hierarchical porous nanoarchitecture by combining two metal oxides is a brilliant way to greatly enhance the overall electrochemical performance owing to synergistic effects [20]. For example, Li et al. synthesized 3D hybrid Co3O4/NiMoO4 nanowire/nanosheet arrays on a carbon cloth

Rational design of block copolymer self-assemblies in photodynamic therapy

• Maxime Demazeau,
• Laure Gibot,
• Anne-Françoise Mingotaud,
• Patricia Vicendo,
• Clément Roux and
• Barbara Lonetti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 180–212, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.15

Molecular architectonics of DNA for functional nanoarchitectures

• Debasis Ghosh,
• Lakshmi P. Datta and
• Thimmaiah Govindaraju

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 124–140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.11

• vector and provided efficient sensing of changes in the intracellular acidic pH value. In recent years, DNA thin film-based biosensors received significant interest for the detection of biologically relevant analytes, such has forensic samples [61][62]. The design of active electrochemical DNA sensors

• involves critical optimization of the sensor platforms. The length of the target oligonucleotide sequence and the selective use of dopants significantly dominate the sensing efficacy [63]. In this context, electrochemical DNA sensors were developed by noncovalent layer-by-layer assemblies of phenothiazine

Simple synthesis of nanosheets of rGO and nitrogenated rGO

• Pallellappa Chithaiah,
• Madhan Mohan Raju,
• Giridhar U. Kulkarni and
• C. N. R. Rao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 68–75, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.7

• temperature naturally. The resulting product was collected and used for the electrochemical supercapacitor measurements. The obtained results were compared with the as-synthesized rGO nanosheets. Materials characterization The samples were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic

• °C·min−1 using a Mettler-Toledo-TG-850 apparatus. AFM measurements were performed using a CP2 atomic force microscope. Electrode preparation and electrochemical characterization The catalyst inks of as-synthesized rGO and reduced graphene oxide H-rGO were prepared by ultrasonication separately. A mixture

• prepare the H-rGO electrode. The electrochemical studies, including cyclic voltammetry (CV) and chronopotentiometry charge–discharge (CD), were carried out at room temperature in 1 M H2SO4 solution in a standard three-electrode cell using an electrochemical workstation CHI 660E. This system consists of a

Synthesis of amorphous and graphitized porous nitrogen-doped carbon spheres as oxygen reduction reaction catalysts

• Maximilian Wassner,
• Markus Eckardt,
• Andreas Reyer,
• Thomas Diemant,
• Michael S. Elsaesser,
• R. Jürgen Behm and
• Nicola Hüsing

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1–15, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.1

• decomposition of the carbon framework and a decrease of the N content [29][30]. The availability of active sites (for a certain electrochemical reaction) correlates with the electrochemically active surface area for this reaction. For most conventional porous carbon materials micropores contribute significantly

• to the surface area, but their small pore size is considered to only allow a limited mass transport, which might result in a low accessibility of the active sites therein for electrochemical processes. Investigations of N-doped 3D ordered porous carbon materials showed, e.g., that a high content of

• correlations between structural properties and electrochemical performance. In the following we will first give a detailed structural and chemical analysis of the resulting materials (section 1 in “Results and Discussion”), followed by a discussion of their performance as ORR catalyst in electrocatalytic

Antimony deposition onto Au(111) and insertion of Mg

• Lingxing Zan,
• Da Xing,
• Abdelaziz Ali Abd-El-Latif and
• Helmut Baltruschat

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2541–2552, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.245

• insertion material, because magnesium can form intermetallic compounds with antimony. In addition, Sb has a rhombohedral crystal structure, which can form an alloy over a wide composition range [6][7]. The high initial capacity of 298 mAh/g at 1C rate has been reported for electrochemical magnetization at

• surface has never been reported. Using this layer for such an insertion study in fundamental research offers the advantage of a better defined structure of the insertion compound as compared to the use of small particles in battery research. The initial cyclic voltammetry study of antimony electrochemical

• deposition on a Au electrode was carried out by Jung [8], who found that antimony deposition on Au(100) and Au(111) in acid electrolyte undergoes two electrochemical processes involving an irreversible adsorption and underpotential deposition. This irreversible adsorption was attributed to oxygenous Sb(III

Label-free highly sensitive probe detection with novel hierarchical SERS substrates fabricated by nanoindentation and chemical reaction methods

• Jingran Zhang,
• Tianqi Jia,
• Yongda Yan,
• Li Wang,
• Peng Miao,
• Yimin Han,
• Xinming Zhang,
• Guangfeng Shi,
• Yanquan Geng,
• Zhankun Weng,
• Daniel Laipple and
• Zuobin Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2483–2496, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.239

• nanoparticles or micro/nanostructures can be applied as a SERS sensor to detect adsorbed markers. Generally, nanoparticles can be fabricated as SERS substrates at low cost and high production via chemical synthesis methods [8][9][10][11][12][13], including chemical/electrochemical deposition and electrochemical

• etching. For instance, Chen et al. [8] employed an electrochemical etching method to fabricate nanocube structures on a Cu30Mn70 surface by controlling the voltage. In addition, Zhang et al. [10] showed that gold nanoparticles can be fabricated by a gold etchant on a silicon surface as SERS substrates

Semitransparent Sb₂S₃ thin film solar cells by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis for use in solar windows

• Jako S. Eensalu,
• Atanas Katerski,
• Erki Kärber,
• Lothar Weinhardt,
• Monika Blum,
• Clemens Heske,
• Wanli Yang,
• Ilona Oja Acik and
• Malle Krunks

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2396–2409, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.230

• in photo-electrochemical cells, thin film cells, extremely thin absorber (ETA) cells, and hybrid solar cells based on a planar underlay or on nano- or mesostructured scaffolds [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22]. Studies on ETA Sb2S3 cells, which became the basis for respective hybrid solar cells, were

Polyvinylpyrrolidone as additive for perovskite solar cells with water and isopropanol as solvents

• Chen Du,
• Shuo Wang,
• Xu Miao,
• Wenhai Sun,
• Yu Zhu,
• Chengyan Wang and
• Ruixin Ma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2374–2382, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.228

• simulator (Newport Oriel Sol3A Class AAA, 64023A Simulator), which was calibrated using a NREL standard Si solar cell. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements were conducted by using an electrochemical workstation (CHI660d) (1 MHz to 100 Hz) and for fitting the Zview software was used. The

Integration of sharp silicon nitride tips into high-speed SU8 cantilevers in a batch fabrication process

• Nahid Hosseini,
• Matthias Neuenschwander,
• Oliver Peric,
• Santiago H. Andany,
• Jonathan D. Adams and
• Georg E. Fantner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2357–2363, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.226

• ], high-resolution electrochemical and nanoelectrical imaging [7][8], Raman spectroscopy [9], nanoindentation [10], nanomechanical machining [11], plasmonic applications [12][13] and microscale grapping [14]. In parallel with the development of AFM cantilevers made out of traditional materials (e.g

Adsorption and desorption of self-assembled L-cysteine monolayers on nanoporous gold monitored by in situ resistometry

• Elisabeth Hengge,
• Eva-Maria Steyskal,
• Rupert Bachler,
• Alexander Dennig,
• Bernd Nidetzky and
• Roland Würschum

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2275–2279, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.219

• crystalline surfaces. Using nanoporous substrates for modification with SAMs, however, is more complicated, as the applicable techniques for characterization are very limited, whereby electrochemical methods seem most promising [7][8]. Here, we present a new method to monitor and characterize the ad

• an Autolab PGSTAT204 potentiostat, the others for four-point resistance measurements with a Keithley 2400 Source Meter. For a more detailed description of the resistometry setup, the reader is referred to our previous work [9]. An electrochemical cell was set up in three-electrode geometry, using a

• cysteine together with a part of the curve from (a) for reference. In (b), the double layer CV (solid curves) were recorded between −50 and −400 mV and the electrochemical desorption (dashed curves) between −50 and −900 mV. (*)The peak was correlated to the desorption from the (111) plane based on [15

Design and facile synthesis of defect-rich C-MoS₂/rGO nanosheets for enhanced lithium–sulfur battery performance

• Chengxiang Tian,
• Juwei Wu,
• Zheng Ma,
• Bo Li,
• Pengcheng Li,
• Xiaotao Zu and
• Xia Xiang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2251–2260, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.217

• construction of other high-performance metal disulfide electrodes for electrochemical energy storage. Keywords: annealing; double modification; high-performance electrodes; lithium–sulfur battery; molybdenum disulfide (MoS2); reduced graphene oxide (rGO); Introduction Lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries have

• materials, can provide good performance at low cost [18][19][20]. In particular, MoS2 has attracted the most attention owing to the high electrochemical activity associated with the sulfur deficiencies [5]. It has been reported that MoS2 nanosheets show great performance in the hydrodesulphurization process

• redox reactions but also chemically adsorb polysulfides. In addition, rGO and carbon layer can also enhance the conductivity of C-MoS2/rGO. Therefore, the C-MoS2/rGO, as an efficient sulfur host, could exhibit excellent electrochemical performance. Experimental Preparation of defect-rich C-MoS2/rGO

Nontoxic pyrite iron sulfide nanocrystals as second electron acceptor in PTB7:PC₇₁BM-based organic photovoltaic cells

• Olivia Amargós-Reyes,
• José-Luis Maldonado,
• Omar Martínez-Alvarez,
• María-Elena Nicho,
• José Santos-Cruz,
• Juan Nicasio-Collazo,
• Irving Caballero-Quintana and
• Concepción Arenas-Arrocena

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2238–2250, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.216

• electrochemical band gap energy, the valence and conduction band energies (EVB and ECB) were calculated using the following Equation 1 and Equation 2: and where E[onset,ox] and E[onset,red] are the onset potentials of the oxidation and the reduction relative to ferrocene/ferrocenium (Fc+/Fc), E[½(Fc)] is the half

A novel all-fiber-based LiFePO₄/Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ battery with self-standing nanofiber membrane electrodes

• Li-li Chen,
• Hua Yang,
• Mao-xiang Jing,
• Chong Han,
• Fei Chen,
• Xin-yu Hu,
• Wei-yong Yuan,
• Shan-shan Yao and
• Xiang-qian Shen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2229–2237, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.215

• used as self-standing electrodes for lithium-ion batteries. The structure and morphology of the fibers, and the electrochemical performance of the electrodes and the full battery were characterized. The results show that the LiFePO4 and Li4Ti5O12 fiber membrane electrodes exhibit good rate and cycle

• performance. In particular, the all-fiber-based gel-state battery composed of LiFePO4 and Li4Ti5O12 fiber membrane electrodes can be charged/discharged for 800 cycles at 1C with a retention capacity of more than 100 mAh·g−1 and a coulombic efficiency close to 100%. The good electrochemical performance is

• . Researchers have found that two-dimensional (2D) or 3D free-standing electrode materials [18][19][20][21] can significantly improve the electrochemical performance while also offering light weight and superior mechanical properties [22][23]. LiFePO4 and Li4Ti5O12 have been widely developed and applied in LIBs

Ultrathin Ni_1−xCo_xS₂ nanoflakes as high energy density electrode materials for asymmetric supercapacitors

• Xiaoxiang Wang,
• Teng Wang,
• Rusen Zhou,
• Lijuan Fan,
• Shengli Zhang,
• Feng Yu,
• Tuquabo Tesfamichael,
• Liwei Su and
• Hongxia Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2207–2216, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.213

• Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China 10.3762/bjnano.10.213 Abstract Transition metal compounds such as nickel cobalt sulfides (Ni–Co–S) are promising electrode materials for energy storage devices such as supercapacitors owing to their high electrochemical performance and good

• electrical conductivity. Developing ultrathin nanostructured materials is critical to achieving high electrochemical performance, because they possess rich active sites for electrochemical reactions, shortening the transport path of ions in the electrolyte during the charge/discharge processes. This paper

• describes the synthesis of ultrathin (around 10 nm) flower-like Ni1−xCoxS2 nanoflakes by using templated NiCo oxides. The as-prepared Ni1−xCoxS2 material retained the morphology of the initial NiCo oxide material and exhibited a much improved electrochemical performance. The Ni1−xCoxS2 electrode material

Use of data processing for rapid detection of the prostate-specific antigen biomarker using immunomagnetic sandwich-type sensors

• Camila A. Proença,
• Tayane A. Freitas,
• Thaísa A. Baldo,
• Elsa M. Materón,
• Flávio M. Shimizu,
• Gabriella R. Ferreira,
• Frederico L. F. Soares,
• Ronaldo C. Faria and
• Osvaldo N. Oliveira Jr.

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2171–2181, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.210

• electrical or electrochemical signal. The choice of the molecular architecture for the electrochemical immunosensors is crucial for obtaining high sensitivity and specificity. The matrix on which the bioactive layer is deposited may contain metallic nanoparticles to enhance the electrochemical response [8][9

• sensing performance. Electrochemical immunosensors containing magnetic nanoparticles have been used to detect several cancer biomarkers [22][23][24]. Zhuo and co-workers detected carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and α-fetoprotein (AFP) with a three-layer immunosensor with Fe3O4 magnetic core modified with a

• ]. PSA and interleukin 6 (IL-6) were measured with a microfluidic electrochemical immunoassay system, in which commercial magnetic particles were conjugated with secondary antibodies and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) [26]. These immunomagnetic nanoparticle-based microfluidic sensors with screen-printed

Green and scalable synthesis of nanocrystalline kuramite

• Andrea Giaccherini,
• Giuseppe Cucinotta,
• Stefano Martinuzzi,
• Enrico Berretti,
• Werner Oberhauser,
• Alessandro Lavacchi,
• Giovanni Orazio Lepore,
• Giordano Montegrossi,
• Maurizio Romanelli,
• Antonio De Luca,
• Massimo Innocenti,
• Vanni Moggi Cecchi,
• Matteo Mannini,
• Antonella Buccianti and
• Francesco Di Benedetto

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2073–2083, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.202

• with a hydrazine-assisted solution process [12][13]) to 10.6% (using a vacuum process [14]) and 8% (obtained with an electrochemical process [15]). These multinary sulfides have extremely low toxicity, consist of earth-abundant elements [3] and can be obtained by means of processes that are more energy

Improvement of the thermoelectric properties of a MoO₃ monolayer through oxygen vacancies

• Wenwen Zheng,
• Wei Cao,
• Ziyu Wang,
• Huixiong Deng,
• Jing Shi and
• Rui Xiong

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2031–2038, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.199

• materials. From insulating to semiconducting and conducting, TMOs exhibit wide-ranging electrical and magnetic characteristics that depend on their geometric structure, doping concentration and stoichiometry ratio [4]. TMOs have been used in many fields such as Li-ion batteries, electrochemical capacitors

• and fuel cells [5]. Meanwhile, the thermoelectric application of TMO-based materials has been explored and their poor efficiency is still the major difficulty [6]. Among the TMOs, layered molybdenum trioxide (MoO3) has attracted attention as a potential electrode material in electrochemical products

Review of advanced sensor devices employing nanoarchitectonics concepts

• Katsuhiko Ariga,
• Tatsuyuki Makita,
• Masato Ito,
• Taizo Mori,
• Shun Watanabe and
• Jun Takeya

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2014–2030, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.198

• related to protein metabolism, food products and pharmaceuticals. Such difficult goals can be achieved through a nanoarchitectonics approach, namely molecular imprinting [103][104][105]. Qiu and co-workers developed sensors for chirality detection of amino acid guests using an organic electrochemical

• cell line HL-1 [108]. The sensing system is based on organic electrochemical transistors with PEDOT/PSS materials produced with a wafer-scale process, which is known to be useful for transducing and amplifying biological ionic signals. In certain cases, device architectures and cell nanoarchitectures

• have to be well-matched for better sensor performance. Hsing and co-workers investigated the difference in sensing signals between tightly packed colorectal adenocarcinoma cells and leaky nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells using biosensors based on an organic electrochemical transistor [109]. The biosensor

Optimization and performance of nitrogen-doped carbon dots as a color conversion layer for white-LED applications

• Tugrul Guner,
• Hurriyet Yuce,
• Didem Tascioglu,
• Eren Simsek,
• Umut Savaci,
• Aziz Genc,
• Servet Turan and
• Mustafa M. Demir

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2004–2013, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.197

• using glucose and polyethylene glycol 200. It is reported that the WLED showed a superior performance indicated by Commission Internationale de l'Éclairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.32, 0.37) and a CCT of 5584 K. In another study, Joseph et al. reported the synthesis of CDots by the electrochemical

• coordinates of (0.35, 0.37), a CRI of 88 and a CCT of 4802 K. Furthermore, Xie et al. fabricated WLEDs using polymerizable silane‒prefunctionalized carbon dots (Si-CDots) [48]. These green low-cost polymerizable Si-CDots produced by a one-pot electrochemical synthesis have emission peaks located around 541

Nanostructured and oriented metal–organic framework films enabling extreme surface wetting properties

• Andre Mähringer,
• Julian M. Rotter and
• Dana D. Medina

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1994–2003, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.196

• example, sol–gel synthesis, electrochemical deposition, anodization, electrochemical polymerization, electrospinning, plasma treatment, chemical or hydrothermal methods, vapor deposition, layer-by-layer assembly or laser ablation [19][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39]. However, the

Facile synthesis of carbon nanotube-supported NiO//Fe₂O₃ for all-solid-state supercapacitors

• Shengming Zhang,
• Xuhui Wang,
• Yan Li,
• Xuemei Mu,
• Yaxiong Zhang,
• Jingwei Du,
• Guo Liu,
• Xiaohui Hua,
• Yingzhuo Sheng,
• Erqing Xie and
• Zhenxing Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1923–1932, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.188

• a diameter of about 20 nm (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S1). The high conductivity of the CNTs will help charge transfer during the electrochemical process. As shown in Supporting Information File 1, Figure S2, the pure CC with a size of 1 × 1 cm2 is grey, it becomes black after CNT growth

• 530.13 eV, corresponding to C–O, Fe–O–C, and Fe–O, respectively [30]. The XPS results strongly support the XRD and Raman results and confirm Fe2O3 on the CC-CNT. A three-electrode system was used to examine the electrochemical characteristics of the CC-CNT@Fe2O3 with Pt foil as a counter electrode, SCE

• the CC-CNT@Fe2O3 electrode. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was carried out to explore the resistance of the electrode (Figure 4d). The measured curve can be well fitted by equivalent circuits, and the insert is an enlarged view in the high-frequency area. All fitted values are shown in

High-tolerance crystalline hydrogels formed from self-assembling cyclic dipeptide

• Yongcai You,
• Ruirui Xing,
• Qianli Zou,
• Feng Shi and
• Xuehai Yan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1894–1901, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.184

• -assembly of cyclic dipeptides results in highly robust hydrogels which can be applied for electrochemical applications such as electrochemical supercapacitors. Keywords: crystalline hydrogel; cyclic dipeptide; electrochemical supercapacitors; nanoarchitectonics; self-assembly; Introduction On account of

• (ALG), hyaluronic acid (HA)), extreme acid/base environments, and thermal conditions. Owing to the robustness of the hydrogel, the material also showed excellent performance as an electrochemical supercapacitor. Hence, self-assembled CDP hydrogels are promising for applications in complex and harsh

• applications in harsh environments, such as those of electrochemical supercapacitors. Application in electrochemical supercapacitors Inspired by the high stability in harsh environments, we next investigated the application of the C-WY hydrogel as a candidate material for electrochemical supercapacitors

Charge-transfer interactions between fullerenes and a mesoporous tetrathiafulvalene-based metal–organic framework

• Manuel Souto,
• Joaquín Calbo,
• Samuel Mañas-Valero,
• Aron Walsh and
• Guillermo Mínguez Espallargas

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1883–1893, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.183

• electrical conductivity and porosity at the same time. Fullerenes (C60) [25] have found numerous applications in different fields, ranging from molecular electronics and nanotechnology to biomedical applications, due to their exceptional electrochemical and photophysical properties [26][27]. In particular

• electrochemical properties [53][54]. In view of the remarkable electron-donor character of the TTF-based ligands, herein we present the encapsulation of C60 in MUV-2 (C60@MUV-2) (Figure 1). A detailed study on the CT interactions between the electron-donor TTF ligands from the framework and the electron-acceptor

• intermolecular CT excitation between the C60 and TTF ligands, as supported by theoretical calculations (see below). The experimental optical bandgap calculated from the onset is near 1.4 eV (885 nm), which is in agreement with the calculated electrochemical bandgap (1.43 eV) since the redox potential of TTF

Processing nanoporous organic polymers in liquid amines

• Jeehye Byun,
• Damien Thirion and
• Cafer T. Yavuz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1844–1850, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.179

• polymerization [14], ionic complexation [15], and electrochemical polymerization [16], which require sophisticated techniques. There are only a few reports that show the processing of nanoporous polymers into the desired morphologies, for instance, the nanoporous polymers were directly processed into