Out-of-plane surface patterning by subsurface processing of polymer substrates with focused ion beams

• Serguei Chiriaev,
• Luciana Tavares,
• Vadzim Adashkevich,
• Arkadiusz J. Goszczak and
• Horst-Günter Rubahn

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1693–1703, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.151

• surface curvature at the microscale while preserving the surface morphology at the nanoscale. An even more remarkable result is the transition from shrinkage to expansion and then from expansion to shrinkage, as a function of the irradiation fluence (Figure 8). To explain this non-trivial surface kinetics

Cu₂O nanoparticles for the degradation of methyl parathion

• Juan Rizo,
• David Díaz,
• Benito Reyes-Trejo and
• M. Josefina Arellano-Jiménez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1546–1555, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.137

• . Figure 9 shows the degradation of MP at different reaction times for all three nanoparticle sizes. Since water is a reactant as well as the solvent, it is prudent to assume a reaction of pseudo first-order kinetics because water is in excess with respect to MP. The degradation of methyl parathion in

Antimicrobial metal-based nanoparticles: a review on their synthesis, types and antimicrobial action

• Matías Guerrero Correa,
• Fernanda B. Martínez,
• Cristian Patiño Vidal,
• Camilo Streitt,
• Juan Escrig and
• Carol Lopez de Dicastillo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1450–1469, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.129

• , 8, 10, 12, and 24 h). The percentage of surviving bacteria, with respect to a control sample without the antimicrobial agent, is determined. A kill curve can be determined with the collected data in order to visualize the kinetics of the antimicrobial agent and to determine if it performs a

Structure and electrochemical performance of electrospun-ordered porous carbon/graphene composite nanofibers

• Yi Wang,
• Yanhua Song,
• Chengwei Ye and
• Lan Xu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1280–1290, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.112

• in improving the capacitive properties of a given electrode. According to the diffusion kinetics of ions in solution, the high specific surface area and high porosity of the electrode material allow for a quick ion adsorption on the electrode surface, thereby improving the migration rate of ions and

• addition, a large number of mesopores in the carbon material potentially improves the diffusion kinetics of ions in both electrolyte and electrodes, enhancing the electrolyte transfer rate to the electrode pores while maintaining high capacitance retention [54]. These two factors explain why decreasing the

Plant growth regulation by seed coating with films of alginate and auxin-intercalated layered double hydroxides

• Vander A. de Castro,
• Valber G. O. Duarte,
• Danúbia A. C. Nobre,
• Geraldo H. Silva,
• Vera R. L. Constantino,
• Frederico G. Pinto,
• Willian R. Macedo and
• Jairo Tronto

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1082–1091, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.93

• kinetics was also studied. See Supporting Information File 1 for complete experimental data. Germination rate and germination speed index The seed germination rate results are shown in Figure 5. After the final germination period of 15 days, the control experiment showed the highest percentage of

Microwave-induced electric discharges on metal particles for the synthesis of inorganic nanomaterials under solvent-free conditions

• Vijay Tripathi,
• Harit Kumar,
• Anubhav Agarwal and
• Leela S. Panchakarla

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1019–1025, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.86

• microwave irradiation both in solution and in the solid state rapidly increases the reaction temperature and helps to improve reaction kinetics significantly. This reduces drastically the reaction time [9][10]. Non-thermal effects may also influence the reaction kinetics, which is still a subject of

Gas-sensing features of nanostructured tellurium thin films

• Dumitru Tsiulyanu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1010–1018, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.85

• nanostructured Te films were studied with a special focus on the gas-response kinetics. Results and Discussion Sample preparation, morphology and structure Two methods were used to nanostructure Te-based films: growth of Te nanocrystals on Pyrex glass substrates or deposition of amorphous Te films onto

• mentioned that the XRD pattern of samples grown on Pyrex glass substrates at the same rate of 30 nm/s (data not shown) does not show features of crystalline Te. Gas-sensing characterization, methods and response kinetics For the gas-sensing characterization of fabricated films, NO2 was chosen since it is

• line shows the switching profile. It is seen that the current follows the same pattern but the baseline strongly increases with temperature, as depicted in Table 1. Table 1 also shows the film sensitivity, which is calculated from the response kinetics to 1.0 ppm NO2, as a relative percent increase in

Nickel nanoparticles supported on a covalent triazine framework as electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution reaction and oxygen reduction reactions

• Secil Öztürk,
• Yu-Xuan Xiao,
• Dennis Dietrich,
• Beatriz Giesen,
• Juri Barthel,
• Jie Ying,
• Xiao-Yu Yang and
• Christoph Janiak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 770–781, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.62

• the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) are two crucial processes, which require improvements through the design of efficient catalysts. Both OER and ORR suffer from slow kinetics of the four-electron transfer process [2][3]. Thus, highly efficient electrocatalysts with enhanced performance need to be

Effect of Ag loading position on the photocatalytic performance of TiO₂ nanocolumn arrays

• Jinghan Xu,
• Yanqi Liu and
• Yan Zhao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 717–728, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.59

• ) kinetics of different samples, (d) recycling of AFT3 and ACT3. FDTD simulations of the electric field distribution of Ag-loaded TiO2 nanocolumns with different structures. a1) Wavelength 457 nm TNC cross section, a2) wavelength 320 nm TNC cross section, a3) wavelength 457 nm TNC longitudinal section, a4

Luminescent gold nanoclusters for bioimaging applications

• Nonappa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 533–546, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.42

• endocytosis. The superparamagnetic nature of the PML-MF allowed for the magnetic targeting of the nanocarriers. Further, the ability of BSA to encapsulate drug molecules was explored to load doxorubicin (DPML-MF) in the nanocarriers. The release kinetics of doxorubicin studied at pH 7.4 and 4.4 were found to

Multilayer capsules made of weak polyelectrolytes: a review on the preparation, functionalization and applications in drug delivery

• Varsha Sharma and
• Anandhakumar Sundaramurthy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 508–532, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.41

Interfacial charge transfer processes in 2D and 3D semiconducting hybrid perovskites: azobenzene as photoswitchable ligand

• Nicole Fillafer,
• Tobias Seewald,
• Lukas Schmidt-Mende and
• Sebastian Polarz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 466–479, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.38

• , 832, 765, 727 and 685 cm−1 are highlighted in grey as significant vibrations of the azobenzene. (F) Normalized UV–vis absorption spectra of 3D-AzoC2 dispersed in toluene (black) and AzoC2 in H2O (grey, dashed). (A) UV–vis absorption kinetics of 3D-AzoC2 in toluene over a time period of 600 s. (B

Synthesis and enhanced photocatalytic performance of 0D/2D CuO/tourmaline composite photocatalysts

• Changqiang Yu,
• Min Wen,
• Zhen Tong,
• Shuhua Li,
• Yanhong Yin,
• Xianbin Liu,
• Yesheng Li,
• Tongxiang Liang,
• Ziping Wu and
• Dionysios D. Dionysiou

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 407–416, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.31

• 17.9% and 19.8%, respectively. The CuO/tourmaline-4:1 composite exhibited the optimum activity with MB degradation (%) of 99.6% within 140 min. The apparent pseudo-first-order equation was adopted to interpret the photocatalytic degradation kinetics. The corresponding fitted lines of −ln(C/C0) vs time

Using gold nanoparticles to detect single-nucleotide polymorphisms: toward liquid biopsy

• María Sanromán Iglesias and
• Marek Grzelczak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 263–284, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.20

• target. c) Colorimetric assay based on unmodified nanoparticles: Single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) stabilizes gold nanoparticles against salt-induced aggregation, while in the presence of double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) particles undergo aggregation. Discrimination of SNPs by means of the kinetics of particle

Internalization mechanisms of cell-penetrating peptides

• Ivana Ruseska and
• Andreas Zimmer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 101–123, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.10

Influence of the epitaxial composition on N-face GaN KOH etch kinetics determined by ICP-OES

• Markus Tautz,
• Maren T. Kuchenbrod,
• Joachim Hertkorn,
• Robert Weinberger,
• Martin Welzel,
• Arno Pfitzner and
• David Díaz Díaz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 41–50, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.4

• diffraction (XRD). Thin-film processing including laser lift off (LLO) was applied. The influence of epitaxial changes on the N-face etch kinetics was determined in aqueous KOH solution at elevated temperature. Inductively-coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) was used to measure the etch

• Discussion ICP-OES analysis of etch kinetics Fourfold ICP-OES analysis of an identical KOH dilution stemming from a single GaN chip etched at RT for 1 h yielded 249 ± 3 nm average GaN removal and thus a relative error of 1% (mean ± SDM, n = 4; Figure 2). The measurement of different dilutions from the same

• spanned the entire epitaxial layer up to the MQW region. As the respective layers B and C showed similar XRD FWHM results as A and D, the dislocation density values given in Figure 1 were transferred. Effect of epitaxial changes on etch kinetics The etch kinetics of A and B were compared at 70 °C and 80

The different ways to chitosan/hyaluronic acid nanoparticles: templated vs direct complexation. Influence of particle preparation on morphology, cell uptake and silencing efficiency

• Arianna Gennari,
• Julio M. Rios de la Rosa,
• Erwin Hohn,
• Maria Pelliccia,
• Enrique Lallana,
• Roberto Donno,
• Annalisa Tirella and
• Nicola Tirelli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2594–2608, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.250

• all a higher aspect ratio (Rg/RH) and a lower fractal dimension. We then compared the kinetics of uptake and the (antiluciferase) siRNA delivery performance in murine RAW 264.7 macrophages and in human HCT-116 colorectal tumor cells. The preparative method (and therefore the internal particle

• morphology) had little effect on the uptake kinetics and no statistically relevant influence on silencing (templated particles often showing a lower silencing). Cell-specific factors, on the contrary, overwhelmingly determined the efficacy of the carriers, with, e.g., those containing low-MW chitosan

• and HA, producing nanoparticles selectively containing one labelled polymer. Following either chitosan- or HA-associated fluorescence (respectively black and red symbols in Figure 5), we observed qualitatively similar uptake kinetics, which is a sign that the two components are mostly internalized

Fully amino acid-based hydrogel as potential scaffold for cell culturing and drug delivery

• Dávid Juriga,
• Evelin Sipos,
• Orsolya Hegedűs,
• Gábor Varga,
• Miklós Zrínyi,
• Krisztina S. Nagy and
• Angéla Jedlovszky-Hajdú

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2579–2593, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.249

• established. Using metoprolol as a model drug, cell proliferation and drug release kinetics were studied at different LYS contents and in the presence of thiol groups. The optimal ratio of cross-linkers for the proliferation of periodontal ligament cells was found to be 60−80% LYS and 20−40% CYS. The

• well as biocompatibility and biodegradability are also fundamental features of polymers developed for numerous medical applications [11][12]. Polymer hydrogels are capable of releasing physically entrapped drug molecules. The release kinetics of the loaded drug molecules depend significantly on the

• improve the pharmacological and therapeutic properties of various drugs [28]. By applying such microcarriers, the drug release kinetics can be controlled. Among the anionic amino acids, glutamic acid was previously used for the preparation of polymer-based microcarriers [33]. However, there are only

Antimony deposition onto Au(111) and insertion of Mg

• Lingxing Zan,
• Da Xing,
• Abdelaziz Ali Abd-El-Latif and
• Helmut Baltruschat

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2541–2552, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.245

• paper, we will study the kinetics of the insertion process in more detail [19]. Experimental Chemicals, materials and electrolyte The Au(111) single crystal was prepared by cooling down after flame annealing in pure argon (Air Liquid, 99.999%,) atmosphere as described elsewhere [20]. A typical cyclic

• and EC-SPM Studies of Electrode Kinetics and Electrode Structure” (University of Bonn, Germany). Author contributions: L. X. Zan and A. A. Abd-El-Latif designed experiments suggested by H. Baltruschat and L. X. Zan; D. Xing and A. A. Abd-El-Latif performed the electrochemical studies and

Air oxidation of sulfur mustard gas simulants using a pyrene-based metal–organic framework photocatalyst

• Ghada Ayoub,
• Mihails Arhangelskis,
• Xuan Zhang,
• Florencia Son,
• Timur Islamoglu,
• Tomislav Friščić and
• Omar K. Farha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2422–2427, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.232

• points, filtered using syringe filters and, after dilution with dichloromethane, analyzed by GC-FID to monitor the reaction kinetics. Oxidation products were analyzed by NMR spectroscopy using deuterated methanol as a solvent. Under these conditions, reaction monitoring revealed that complete and

Multiwalled carbon nanotube based aromatic volatile organic compound sensor: sensitivity enhancement through 1-hexadecanethiol functionalisation

• Nadra Bohli,
• Meryem Belkilani,
• Juan Casanova-Chafer,
• Eduard Llobet and
• Adnane Abdelghani

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2364–2373, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.227

• the non-functionalised sensor. The same kinetics were also observed, where physisorption is visible for toluene below a concentration of 7 ppm (below 5 ppm for benzene). A short heating for a few seconds at 70 °C is sufficient for desaturating the sensor (desorbing the vapour molecules) and its return

Design of a nanostructured mucoadhesive system containing curcumin for buccal application: from physicochemical to biological aspects

• Sabrina Barbosa de Souza Ferreira,
• Gustavo Braga,
• Évelin Lemos Oliveira,
• Jéssica Bassi da Silva,
• Hélen Cássia Rosseto,
• Lidiane Vizioli de Castro Hoshino,
• Mauro Luciano Baesso,
• Wilker Caetano,
• Craig Murdoch,
• Helen Elizabeth Colley and
• Marcos Luciano Bruschi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2304–2328, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.222

• elucidated by incorporation kinetics and location studies. They revealed that the drug was quickly incorporated and located in the hydrophobic portion of nanometer-sized polymeric micelles. Moreover, the systems displayed plastic behavior with rheopexy characteristics at 37 °C, viscoelastic properties and a

• ]. Furthermore, the temperature changes were more remarkable than the variation in pH, with the systems investigated at 45 °C displaying higher anisotropy values in comparison to those evaluated at 37 °C. Incorporation kinetics Incorporation kinetics were evaluated by observing the fluorescence emission

• used to evaluate the release mechanism of CUR. Here, the release exponent (n), which determines if the drug release mechanism is Fickian (Case I) or non-Fickian (transport Case II, anomalous or super case II) revealed an n value of 0.6517. The nanostructured systems displayed anomalous release kinetics

Microfluidics as tool to prepare size-tunable PLGA nanoparticles with high curcumin encapsulation for efficient mucus penetration

• Nashrawan Lababidi,
• Valentin Sigal,
• Aljoscha Koenneke,
• Konrad Schwarzkopf,
• Andreas Manz and
• Marc Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2280–2293, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.220

• nanoprecipitation in order to have better control over the kinetics of the colloid formation. To the best of our knowledge, no comprehensive study has presented relevant experimental evidence enabling more insight into the nanoprecipitation mechanism. Our microfluidic system has a unique feature allowing us to

• through pulmonary human mucus [39]. Different sized PLGA NPs (60 nm, 120 nm and 400 nm) were synthesized using microfluidics (fluorescently labelled). NPs in aqueous suspension were added on top of a thin layer of human pulmonary mucus. Then, the penetration kinetics was analyzed by scanning a defined

Design and facile synthesis of defect-rich C-MoS₂/rGO nanosheets for enhanced lithium–sulfur battery performance

• Chengxiang Tian,
• Juwei Wu,
• Zheng Ma,
• Bo Li,
• Pengcheng Li,
• Xiaotao Zu and
• Xia Xiang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2251–2260, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.217

• galvanostatic discharge–charge curves of C-MoS2/rGO-6-S at several current densities are shown in Figure 4d. The two standard discharge plateaus can still be identified even at rate of 2C, indicating the effortless kinetics of the sulfur redox reaction. Figure 6e and Figure S4c (Supporting Information File 1

A novel all-fiber-based LiFePO₄/Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ battery with self-standing nanofiber membrane electrodes

• Li-li Chen,
• Hua Yang,
• Mao-xiang Jing,
• Chong Han,
• Fei Chen,
• Xin-yu Hu,
• Wei-yong Yuan,
• Shan-shan Yao and
• Xiang-qian Shen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2229–2237, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.215

• of active substances in these two electrodes. It is known that nanomerization could improve the rate capability and insertion kinetics of electrode materials. The SEM and TEM images in Figure 3 and Figure 4 show that the grain size of LiFePO4 is larger than that of Li4Ti5O12, which is the possible