Transition from silicene monolayer to thin Si films on Ag(111): comparison between experimental data and Monte Carlo simulation

• Alberto Curcella,
• Romain Bernard,
• Yves Borensztein,
• Silvia Pandolfi and
• Geoffroy Prévot

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 48–56, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.7

• easy synthesis, Si/Ag(111) monolayers have been intensively studied [3][4][5][6]. It has been shown that several monolayer structures can be formed, depending on the substrate temperature [7]. All of them probably correspond to a buckled honeycomb structure for Si atoms. For example, a buckling of 0.77

• , the coverage θ has been calibrated from the breaks observed in the evolution of ISi that were attributed to the completion of a silicene monolayer. Here, one monolayer (ML) is referred to the honeycomb silicene plane, whose density is 15.7 atom·nm−2. This also corresponds to the atomic density of a Si

• monolayer. On the contrary, the most intense spots on their LEED diagram were the substrate spots. From that, they concluded to an imperfect wetting of the 10 ML film. Coming back to the present results, our LEED diagram obtained after growth at T = 505 K shows results quite different from the 473 K ones

A robust AFM-based method for locally measuring the elasticity of samples

• Alexandre Bubendorf,
• Stefan Walheim,
• Thomas Schimmel and
• Ernst Meyer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1–10, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.1

• -density polyethylene) and a self-assembled monolayer of 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyltrichlorosilane (FDTS) on a silicon oxide substrate perforated with circular holes prepared by polymer blend lithography. For all samples the relation was evidenced by recording Δf1, Δf2 and FN as a function of the Z

• first flexural modes of the cantilever in contact were excited with the amplitudes A1 = 22 mV and A2 = 5 mV for all samples. Samples and measurement conditions Three different polymers (polystyrene (PS), polypropylene (PP) and linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE)) and a self-assembled monolayer (SAM

• of the Young’s modulus of the FDTS monolayer. Effect of tip functionalization on the SiOx elasticity peak of the SAM sample The proximity of the peaks of FDTS and SiOx holes can be explained by the fact that during scanning, some material of FDTS has gathered around the tip, so that the relatively

Electro-optical characteristics of a liquid crystal cell with graphene electrodes

• Nune H. Hakobyan,
• Hakob L. Margaryan,
• Valeri K. Abrahamyan,
• Vladimir M. Aroutiounian,
• Arpi S. Dilanchian Gharghani,
• Amalya B. Kostanyan,
• Timothy D. Wilkinson and
• Nelson Tabirian

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2802–2806, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.279

• . Results and Discussion Synthesis of graphene films The graphene was obtained by a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process. Details of synthesis and extensive characterization of the CVD graphene can be found in prior works [13][14]. The monolayer graphene film was then transferred from the Cu foil to a

Ab initio study of adsorption and diffusion of lithium on transition metal dichalcogenide monolayers

• Xiaoli Sun and
• Zhiguo Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2711–2718, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.270

• , and each X atom is connected to three nearest M atoms with ionic M–X bonds. The side and cross-views of the ball and stick models of the MX2 monolayer are shown in Figure 1. The M atoms are located at the lattice positions of a hexagonal close-packed structure with a trigonal symmetry in the 2H-MX2

• hollow site (H) and the top position above the M atom (T) for Li to be adsorbed on the 2H- and 1T-MX2 monolayers [18]. Four adsorption sites (T1, T2, H1, and H2) are considered for Li adsorption onto the 1T'-MX2 monolayer, as shown in Figure 3c. To analyse the stability of Li adsorbed on the MX2

• monolayers, the adsorption energy, Ead(Li), is calculated using Equation 1: where EMX2+Li and EMX2 are the total energy of the MX2 monolayer with and without Li adsorption, respectively. ELi is the energy of a Li atom in bulk material. The calculated adsorption energy of Li on the stable phase of the MX2

L-Lysine-grafted graphene oxide as an effective adsorbent for the removal of methylene blue and metal ions

• Yan Yan,
• Jie Li,
• Fangbei Kong,
• Kuankuan Jia,
• Shiyu He and
• Baorong Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2680–2688, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.268

• /L) is the equilibrium concentration of MB or Cu2+ in solution, qe (mg/g) is the amount adsorbed on Lys-GO, qmax (mg/g) is the maximum monolayer adsorption capacity on Lys-GO, KL (L/mol) is a coefficient related to the energy of adsorption and is expected to vary with temperature; KF (mol(1 − n)·Ln/g

Patterning of supported gold monolayers via chemical lift-off lithography

• Liane S. Slaughter,
• Kevin M. Cheung,
• Sami Kaappa,
• Huan H. Cao,
• Qing Yang,
• Thomas D. Young,
• Andrew C. Serino,
• Sami Malola,
• Jana M. Olson,
• Stephan Link,
• Hannu Häkkinen,
• Anne M. Andrews and
• Paul S. Weiss

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2648–2661, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.265

• Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, and Hatos Center for Neuropharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA 10.3762/bjnano.8.265 Abstract The supported monolayer of Au that accompanies alkanethiolate molecules removed by polymer stamps

• found to be consistent with molecular dynamics simulations that predicted the removal of no more than 1.5 Au atoms per thiol, thus presenting a monolayer-like structure. Keywords: chemical patterning; hybrid material; monolayer; soft lithography; two-dimensional material; Introduction Chemical lift

• -off lithography (CLL) is a subtractive technique for patterning self-assembled alkanethiol molecules on Au surfaces via rupture of Au–Au bonds at the Au–monolayer interface [1][2]. In CLL, hydroxyl-terminated molecules (or other species with reactive termini) in preformed self-assembled monolayers

The role of ligands in coinage-metal nanoparticles for electronics

• Ioannis Kanelidis and
• Tobias Kraus

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2625–2639, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.263

• ]. Elimination of a labile ligand (e.g., 3-mercaptopropanol) from the mixed ligand shell during purification of the gold nanoparticles in water created particles that were protected by only a sparse monolayer of ω-functionalized ionic ligands (25% surface coverage). The particles with the sparse layer remained

Amplified cross-linking efficiency of self-assembled monolayers through targeted dissociative electron attachment for the production of carbon nanomembranes

• Sascha Koch,
• Christopher D. Kaiser,
• Paul Penner,
• Michael Barclay,
• Lena Frommeyer,
• Daniel Emmrich,
• Patrick Stohmann,
• Tarek Abu-Husein,
• Andreas Terfort,
• D. Howard Fairbrother,
• Oddur Ingólfsson and
• Armin Gölzhäuser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2562–2571, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.256

• )), implying that 2-I-BPT cross-links the fastest, followed by 2-Br-BPT, 2-Cl-BPT and finally BPT. Helium ion microscope (HIM) image of a transferred carbon nanomembrane (CNM) made using 3 min (1.8 mC/cm2) of electron irradiation (50 eV) on a 2-I-BPT self-assembled monolayer. (a) 2500 × 2500 µm HIM image of

Refractive index sensing and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy using silver–gold layered bimetallic plasmonic crystals

• Somi Kang,
• Sean E. Lehman,
• Matthew V. Schulmerich,
• An-Phong Le,
• Tae-woo Lee,
• Stephen K. Gray,
• Rohit Bhargava and
• Ralph G. Nuzzo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2492–2503, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.249

• ) measurements A self-assembled monolayer of benzenethiol on top of the quasi-3D PCs was prepared by immersing them in a 15 mM benzenethiol ethanolic solution for 12 h, rinsing thoroughly with ethanol, and then drying with a stream of nitrogen gas. SERS measurements were made using a SENTERRA dispersive Raman

Adsorption of iron tetraphenylporphyrin on (111) surfaces of coinage metals: a density functional theory study

• Hao Tang,
• Nathalie Tarrat,
• Véronique Langlais and
• Yongfeng Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2484–2491, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.248

• Coulomb repulsion. The deckchair conformation of the molecule favours intermolecular π–π-type interactions in a less densely packed monolayer than the saddle conformation. The activation barrier between the two stable magnetic states (high spin, S = 2 and intermediate spin, S = 1) of the molecule in

• free FeTPP molecule conformations is presented at first, together with an evaluation of the activation barrier between these conformations. The magnetic switch barrier is then evaluated for the C2h conformation. Second, the monolayer of this molecule on (111) surfaces of Au, Ag and Cu is investigated

• eV to pass from S = 2 to S = 1 and an activation barrier of 0.02 eV to pass from S = 1 to S = 2. However, when this molecule is adsorbed on Au(111) in a monolayer, the IS state is no longer stable as the activation barrier from S = 1 to S = 2 disappears. The most stable magnetic state on Au(111), HS

Synthesis of metal-fluoride nanoparticles supported on thermally reduced graphite oxide

• Alexa Schmitz,
• Kai Schütte,
• Vesko Ilievski,
• Juri Barthel,
• Laura Burk,
• Rolf Mülhaupt,
• Junpei Yue,
• Bernd Smarsly and
• Christoph Janiak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2474–2483, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.247

• Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) defines graphene as an isolated two-dimensional monolayer of sp2-hybridized carbon atoms [3], extended in a honeycomb-type structure that consist of six-membered rings [3]. Functionalized graphene is obtained from graphite by graphite oxidation followed by thermal

Au nanostructure fabrication by pulsed laser deposition in open air: Influence of the deposition geometry

• Rumen G. Nikov,
• Anna Og. Dikovska,
• Nikolay N. Nedyalkov,
• Georgi V. Avdeev and
• Petar A. Atanasov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2438–2445, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.242

• ). Initially, PLD technology was used mainly for deposition of thin films with a high crystallinity, accurate stoichiometry, and thickness control on the order of an atomic monolayer [10]. In recent years, this method has been increasingly applied to growing nanostructures with properties that depend on the

Comparing postdeposition reactions of electrons and radicals with Pt nanostructures created by focused electron beam induced deposition

• Julie A. Spencer,
• Michael Barclay,
• Miranda J. Gallagher,
• Robert Winkler,
• Ilyas Unlu,
• Yung-Chien Wu,
• Harald Plank,
• Lisa McElwee-White and
• D. Howard Fairbrother

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2410–2424, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.240

• etch substrates or equipment. The use of electrons was motivated in part by previous ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) surface science studies which showed that for 1–2 monolayer (ML) thin films of organometallic precursors with halide ligands, the halogens can be removed [29][31]. The importance of halogen

Involvement of two uptake mechanisms of gold and iron oxide nanoparticles in a co-exposure scenario using mouse macrophages

• Dimitri Vanhecke,
• Dagmar A. Kuhn,
• Dorleta Jimenez de Aberasturi,
• Sandor Balog,
• Ana Milosevic,
• Dominic Urban,
• Diana Peckys,
• Niels de Jonge,
• Wolfgang J. Parak,
• Alke Petri-Fink and
• Barbara Rothen-Rutishauser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2396–2409, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.239

• cellular monolayer. Transmission electron micrographs of (a) AuNPs and (b) FeOxNP; both images were recorded at the same magnification. Theoretical deposition of both NP types onto the cellular monolayer over 24 h (c) and over the first 60 min (d). Environmental scanning electron microscopy of J774A.1

Expanding the molecular-ruler process through vapor deposition of hexadecanethiol

• Alexandra M. Patron,
• Timothy S. Hooker,
• Daniel F. Santavicca,
• Corey P. Causey and
• Thomas J. Mullen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2339–2344, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.233

• attributed to C16 molecules bound to a MHDA monolayer via cupric ions. The morphology of these islands is consistent with previous AFM topographic images of solution-deposited Cu-ligated MHDA-C16 bilayers [27]. This surface morphology results in a RMS roughness of 3.2 ± 0.5 nm, which is considerably larger

Changes of the absorption cross section of Si nanocrystals with temperature and distance

• Michael Greben,
• Petro Khoroshyy,
• Sebastian Gutsch,
• Daniel Hiller,
• Margit Zacharias and
• Jan Valenta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2315–2323, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.231

• nm monolayer without barriers was taken for comparison. The SRON stoichiometry parameter was almost constant y = 0.23 ± 0.002 in all samples while the x value was chosen as 0.93 and 1.1 for ML and SL samples, respectively. For further details on the sample preparation as well as structural properties

Tailoring the nanoscale morphology of HKUST-1 thin films via codeposition and seeded growth

• Landon J. Brower,
• Lauren K. Gentry,
• Amanda L. Napier and
• Mary E. Anderson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2307–2314, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.230

• are advantageous for applications in which the MOF pores are utilized for analyte storage. Layer-by-layer (LBL) solution-phase deposition has been studied for the HKUST-1 system, which consists of Cu(II) ions and trimesic acid (TMA) [10], deposited onto a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) on Au

• : HKUST-1 surMOF films were fabricated by the codeposition of TMA and copper ions onto a gold substrate previously functionalized by a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) that consisted of MHDA. The gold substrate was first fully immersed in approximately 10 mL of a 1 mM MHDA ethanol solution for 1 h, which

Modelling focused electron beam induced deposition beyond Langmuir adsorption

• Dédalo Sanz-Hernández and
• Amalio Fernández-Pacheco

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2151–2161, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.214

• continuum models restrict their range of applicability to Langmuir adsorption, where a maximum of one monolayer can be adsorbed [1]. Multilayer adsorption is, however, common in standard vacuum science studies, usually conducted at low temperatures [33][34][35][36], in cryogenic FEBID [37] and at higher

• above one monolayer. By introducing two types of adsorption energies, we simulate FEBID processes involving both chemi- and physi-adsoption. Under this model, we investigate what conditions are necessary for either mono- or multi-layer adsorption by analytically calculating the stationary state of the

• , or less, monolayers [42]. For instance, in Equation 2, the fraction of empty sites θ0 decreases over time due to incoming gas flux in a proportional way to θ0 (first term), and increases due to molecules being desorbed or dissociated, from areas occupied by one monolayer (second and third term

Ester formation at the liquid–solid interface

• Nguyen T. N. Ha,
• Thiruvancheril G. Gopakumar,
• Nguyen D. C. Yen,
• Carola Mende,
• Lars Smykalla,
• Maik Schlesinger,
• Roy Buschbeck,
• Tobias Rüffer,
• Heinrich Lang,
• Michael Mehring and
• Michael Hietschold

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2139–2150, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.213

• /bjnano.8.213 Abstract A chemical reaction (esterification) within a molecular monolayer at the liquid–solid interface without any catalyst was studied using ambient scanning tunneling microscopy. The monolayer consisted of a regular array of two species, an organic acid (trimesic acid) and an alcohol

• thoroughly investigated. In addition to the imaging, the tunnel tip was active in promoting the reaction by local energy transfer to and local transport of the reactants. Endothermal on-surface reactions of a whole molecular monolayer can be initiated by a corresponding heating process after deposition. STM

• . Furthermore, taking into account the detection limit of the method, there should be sufficient preexisting ester molecules in the droplet to enable a complete coverage of the substrate by an ester monolayer (ester pattern). Nevertheless, this hypothesis can be ruled out, since there is a threshold (for

Electronic structure, transport, and collective effects in molecular layered systems

• Torsten Hahn,
• Tim Ludwig,
• Carsten Timm and
• Jens Kortus

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2094–2105, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.209

• describe the essential theoretical tools to obtain the parameters needed for the master equation from DFT results. Finally, an interacting molecular monolayer is considered within a master-equation approach. Keywords: electron correlation; electronic structure; quantum transport; spin transport

• taken to be a graphene monolayer for simplicity, intended as a decoupling layer as discussed in section ’DFT-NEGF transport theory’. The symmetry of the HOMO is clearly visible and is not noticeably reduced by the hybridization with the substrate. Figure 5b shows the absolute value squared |tTS|2 of the

• interactions between molecules are relevant. The combination of interactions with a bias voltage perpendicular to the monolayer can lead to interesting non-equilibrium properties. The fabrication of the top contact has proved to be difficult since the technique must be sufficiently gentle not to damage the

A comparative study of the nanoscale and macroscale tribological attributes of alumina and stainless steel surfaces immersed in aqueous suspensions of positively or negatively charged nanodiamonds

• Colin K. Curtis,
• Antonin Marek,
• Alex I. Smirnov and
• Jacqueline Krim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2045–2059, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.205

• (2.29 ×10−19 g/5 nm particle) = 2 × 10−17 g. A surface coverage of 1010 clusters per cm2 therefore has a mass per unit area of ρ2 = 2 × 10−7 g/cm2, which corresponds to a decrease in the resonant frequency of 11.3 Hz (cf. Equation 3). For comparison, a monolayer of spherical 5 nm diamond nanoparticles

A systematic study of the controlled generation of crystalline iron oxide nanoparticles on graphene using a chemical etching process

• Peter Krauß,
• Jörg Engstler and
• Jörg J. Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2017–2025, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.202

• additional polymer coating is often deposited on the monolayer prior to the etching process to provide mechanical support for the graphene, preventing it from tearing and ripping [14][22][23][24][29][30][31]. Most common are thin layers of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) which can be easily deposited by

• spin coating from solution [23][25]. The main disadvantage of applying these supporting polymer layers to graphene is their removal during the final steps of the transfer procedure. Dissolving the polymer, for example by using hot acetone, typically leaves residue on the graphene monolayer [22][32][33

• result in the formation of non-stoichiometric iron(II) oxide nanoparticles. After successfully transferring the functionalized CVD graphene, iron(II) oxide nanoparticles are located between the target substrate and the carbon monolayer. It is interesting to note, that the as-synthesized iron(II) oxide

Intercalation of Si between MoS₂ layers

• Rik van Bremen,
• Qirong Yao,
• Soumya Banerjee,
• Deniz Cakir,
• Nuri Oncel and
• Harold J. W. Zandvliet

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1952–1960, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.196

• , Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA 10.3762/bjnano.8.196 Abstract We report a combined experimental and theoretical study of the growth of sub-monolayer amounts of silicon (Si) on molybdenum disulfide (MoS2). At room temperature and low deposition rates we have found compelling evidence that the deposited Si

• monolayer of MoS2 [23]. This means that MoS2 has no states near the Fermi level and therefore hybridization with the energy bands of silicene near the Fermi level cannot occur. Recently, germanene, a 2D allotrope of germanium [24][25][26][27][28], has already been successfully grown on MoS2 [29]. Chiappe et

• measurements. These additional spectroscopic measurements unambiguously reveal that sub-monolayer amounts of Si deposited on MoS2 at room temperature do not reside on top of MoS2, but intercalate between the MoS2 layers. Experimental The scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy measurements were

Coexistence of strongly buckled germanene phases on Al(111)

• Weimin Wang and
• Roger I. G. Uhrberg

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1946–1951, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.195

• Ge3Pt tetramers. In another study, Au(111) was chosen as a possible substrate for the formation of germanene because alloy formation was believed to be avoided using this substrate. Deposition of one monolayer (ML) of Ge on Au(111) at ≈200 °C resulted in low energy electron diffraction (LEED) data

• the motivation that it is a simple unreconstructed metal with surface density of states dominated by s-electrons. A monolayer of Ge formed at a “magic” temperature (in a range of 20 °C around 87 °C) was interpreted as a germanene layer. Well-resolved STM images showed a honeycomb arrangement of blobs

• might be displaced by the interaction with the STM tip (external electric field applied during scanning). In this paper, we present new data on the Ge/Al(111) system which significantly broadens the view on germanene formation. We show that it is possible to grow well-ordered monolayer Ge at

Non-intuitive clustering of 9,10-phenanthrenequinone on Au(111)

• Ryan D. Brown,
• Rebecca C. Quardokus,
• Natalie A. Wasio,
• Jacob P. Petersen,
• Angela M. Silski,
• Steven A. Corcelli and
• S. Alex Kandel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1801–1807, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.181

• that neighboring rows can have two orientations. There appears to be a preference for adjacent rows to align in the same direction, but there are also several flips across the area imaged, with no apparent periodicity for this reversal of orientation. The monolayer structure is therefore not actually

• at a clean Au(111)-on-mica substrate in a high-vacuum preparation chamber using a solenoid pulse valve (Parker Instruments 9-series, 0.5 mm nozzle diameter, with an IOTA ONE controller). These conditions were sufficient for producing a high-quality substrate and near-monolayer coverages of molecules