Study of silica-based intrinsically emitting nanoparticles produced by an excimer laser

• Imène Reghioua,
• Mattia Fanetti,
• Sylvain Girard,
• Diego Di Francesca,
• Simonpietro Agnello,
• Layla Martin-Samos,
• Marco Cannas,
• Matjaz Valant,
• Melanie Raine,
• Marc Gaillardin,
• Nicolas Richard,
• Philippe Paillet,
• Aziz Boukenter,
• Youcef Ouerdane and
• Antonino Alessi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 211–221, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.19

• , indicating that the produced particles are amorphous. Figure 3e and 3f show the dark-field STEM images recorded for large nanoparticles and for a group of small ones detected in sample A. In both images we note the presence of several brilliant spots. Such spots are present independent from the particle size

Mechanism of silica–lysozyme composite formation unravelled by in situ fast SAXS

• Tomasz M. Stawski,
• Daniela B. van den Heuvel,
• Rogier Besselink,
• Dominique J. Tobler and
• Liane G. Benning

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 182–197, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.17

• NP form factor with a Monte Carlo (MC) fit and the derived discrete particle size distribution (inset); C) the scattering data for period II showing the time frames spanning the injection of the LZM solution between 24.25 s and 27.50 s of the experiment, with the first 1.25 s (blue) dominated by the

pH-mediated control over the mesostructure of ordered mesoporous materials templated by polyion complex micelles

• Emilie Molina,
• Mélody Mathonnat,
• Jason Richard,
• Patrick Lacroix-Desmazes,
• Martin In,
• Philippe Dieudonné,
• Thomas Cacciaguerra,
• Corine Gérardin and
• Nathalie Marcotte

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 144–156, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.14

• on the 5.5 ≤ pH ≤ 6.9 isotherms (Figure S3 in Supporting Information File 1) revealed an interparticle porosity, which is consistent with the small size of the silica particles as observed on SEM images (Figure S4 in Supporting Information File 1). As reported in Table 1, the mean particle size

• pH 4.5) to a few hundred nanometers above pH 7 (220 nm at pH 7.9, Table 1). The external surface area of the particles, as measured by BET analysis, consistently increases within that pH range (Table 1). Similar particle size reduction upon pH increase was reported using polyethylene oxide based

• wt % DHBC: lattice parameter (d0), pore diameter (dpore), full width at half maximum of the pore size distribution (∆d1/2), mesoporous volume (Vmeso), external surface area (Sext) of the particles and particle size (dparticle). Chemical composition of the as-synthesized hybrid materials synthesized

Sputtering of silicon nanopowders by an argon cluster ion beam

• Xiaomei Zeng,
• Vasiliy Pelenovich,
• Zhenguo Wang,
• Wenbin Zuo,
• Sergey Belykh,
• Alexander Tolstogouzov,
• Dejun Fu and
• Xiangheng Xiao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 135–143, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.13

• been revealed for 80 keV Xe ion irradiation of Au nanowires of 20 nm in diameter and micrometers in length [24][25]. The sputtering yield dependence on the gold particle size under bombardment with 20 keV С60 ions has been studied in [26]. At 9.3 nm the particle diameter the yield was 320, whereas for

• keV demonstrated a similar dependence with the sputtering yield. In this work, we studied a nanopowder with a fixed particle size of 60 nm in diameter. However, this is a key parameter considered in the finite size effect, and our further studies will aim to clarify the sputtering yield dependence on

• the particle size. The particular mechanism of the sputtering and the roughening effect will also be studied. Mass spectra of the argon cluster beam ionized by electrons with the energies of 17 and 150 eV. The vertical lines represent the mean cluster specific sizes . Sputtering yield versus the

Wet chemistry route for the decoration of carbon nanotubes with iron oxide nanoparticles for gas sensing

• Hussam M. Elnabawy,
• Juan Casanova-Chafer,
• Badawi Anis,
• Mostafa Fedawy,
• Mattia Scardamaglia,
• Carla Bittencourt,
• Ahmed S. G. Khalil,
• Eduard Llobet and
• Xavier Vilanova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 105–118, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.10

• the other hand, acetone and DMF had a negative effect on both the decoration distribution and particle size. As we can see in the case of acetone, the dispersion of the nanoclusters is not uniform or homogenous and some areas have high decoration density while some other areas have very low decoration

• density. Also, in the case of DMF we can notice that dispersion of the nanoclusters was better than for acetone, but still some areas have a high density of decoration in which agglomerates of large particle size are formed. According to these results, methanol was chosen as the most suitable solvent to

• the loading, particle size). TEM images for different samples with different CNT/iron salt ratios were taken to investigate their effect on the decoration density, as shown in Figure 3. We can see that decoration density of CNT/Fe oxide increases by increasing the amount of iron salt, while the

Pull-off and friction forces of micropatterned elastomers on soft substrates: the effects of pattern length scale and stiffness

• Peter van Assenbergh,
• Marike Fokker,
• Julian Langowski,
• Jan van Esch,
• Marleen Kamperman and
• Dimitra Dodou

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 79–94, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.8

• dispersed in ethanol to obtain a 20% (w/v) dispersion before use. Particle size and polydispersity index were determined with a Malvern Nano ZS 3600 Zetasizer. The laser had a wavelength of 633 nm and a scattering angle of 173°. Microscale particles: The purchased microscale particles were characterized by

Zn/F-doped tin oxide nanoparticles synthesized by laser pyrolysis: structural and optical properties

• Florian Dumitrache,
• Iuliana P. Morjan,
• Elena Dutu,
• Ion Morjan,
• Claudiu Teodor Fleaca,
• Monica Scarisoreanu,
• Alina Ilie,
• Marius Dumitru,
• Cristian Mihailescu,
• Adriana Smarandache and
• Gabriel Prodan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 9–21, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.2

• than 1000 particles in average), thus its penetration depth exceeds the mean particle size (few tens of nanometers). Consequently, the predominant presence of F at the nanopowder surface may be evidence for the assumption that freshly formed nanoclusters have a catalytic role in the partial

Characterization and influence of hydroxyapatite nanopowders on living cells

• Przemyslaw Oberbek,
• Tomasz Bolek,
• Adrian Chlanda,
• Seishiro Hirano,
• Sylwia Kusnieruk,
• Julia Rogowska-Tylman,
• Ganna Nechyporenko,
• Viktor Zinchenko,
• Wojciech Swieszkowski and
• Tomasz Puzyn

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 3079–3094, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.286

• their aggregates or agglomerates, the impact of their physicochemical properties (such as particle size, surface area, purity, details of structure and degree of agglomeration) on living cells is not yet fully understood. Significant differences in these properties, resulting from different

• very similar to the ratio present in tooth enamel (1.62) [30]. Characterization methods Based on the work of Oberdörster et al. [7] and OECD recommendations [31], various features including density, morphology, average particle size, particle shape expressed by aspect ratio, state of agglomeration

• , it was calculated how many crystals in this size rang are on the analysed TEM images. Only F201 (8%), F202 (15%) and GoHAP90s (40%) exhibited a content of such small crystallites above 1%. The average particle size determined with the use of TEM imaging did not differ significantly from the values

Hydrogen-induced plasticity in nanoporous palladium

• Markus Gößler,
• Eva-Maria Steyskal,
• Markus Stütz,
• Norbert Enzinger and
• Roland Würschum

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 3013–3024, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.280

• and removal. During hydrogen loading the PdHα-to-PdHβ transition was reported to proceed coherently in palladium nanoparticles, while the reverse transition can be either coherent or incoherent, depending on the particle size [34][35]. In bulk palladium the transition from PdHβ to PdHα is known to

Co-intercalated layered double hydroxides as thermal and photo-oxidation stabilizers for polypropylene

• Qian Zhang,
• Qiyu Gu,
• Fabrice Leroux,
• Pinggui Tang,
• Dianqing Li and
• Yongjun Feng

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2980–2988, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.277

• larger average particle size. For the co-intercalated HnMn′-Ca2Al, one observes a significant aggregation of LDH platelets leading to a porous flower-like morphology. Figure 5 shows the TG and DTA curves of HnMn′-Ca2Al-LDHs and Table 1 summarizes the corresponding data. In our previous work, the

The nanoscaled metal-organic framework ICR-2 as a carrier of porphyrins for photodynamic therapy

• Jan Hynek,
• Sebastian Jurík,
• Martina Koncošová,
• Jaroslav Zelenka,
• Ivana Křížová,
• Tomáš Ruml,
• Kaplan Kirakci,
• Ivo Jakubec,
• František Kovanda,
• Kamil Lang and
• Jan Demel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2960–2967, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.275

• narrow particle size distribution (Figure 2 and Figure 3). Increasing the temperature to 120 °C resulted in the formation of longer nanoparticles (Figure S2, Supporting Information File 1). Unfortunately, all attempts to control the nanoparticle length failed and therefore we focused on the smaller

• diffractions using the Scherrer equation. The analysis of TEM images in Figure 2 (left) provides an average particle size of 28 nm, which is in good agreement with the results from the powder XRD analysis. The dispersibility of nanoICR-2 in aqueous media and its surface charge potential were evaluated using

• 30 nm is virtually unchanged from the parent nanoparticles. The analysis of TEM data confirmed the preservation of the particle size (29 nm on average), only the particle size distribution was broader (Figure 2). DLS experiments with aqueous dispersions of nanoICR-2/porphyrin revealed the formation

Charged particle single nanometre manufacturing

• Philip D. Prewett,
• Cornelis W. Hagen,
• Claudia Lenk,
• Steve Lenk,
• Marcus Kaestner,
• Tzvetan Ivanov,
• Ahmad Ahmad,
• Ivo W. Rangelow,
• Xiaoqing Shi,
• Stuart A. Boden,
• Alex P. G. Robinson,
• Dongxu Yang,
• Sangeetha Hari,
• Marijke Scotuzzi and
• Ejaz Huq

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2855–2882, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.266

Comparative biological effects of spherical noble metal nanoparticles (Rh, Pd, Ag, Pt, Au) with 4–8 nm diameter

• Alexander Rostek,
• Marina Breisch,
• Kevin Pappert,
• Kateryna Loza,
• Marc Heggen,
• Manfred Köller,
• Christina Sengstock and
• Matthias Epple

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2763–2774, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.258

• ). Two sucrose solutions (8 wt % and 24 wt %) formed a density gradient which was capped with 0.5 mL dodecane as a stabilizing agent. The calibration standard was a poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) latex in water with a particle size of 483 nm provided by CPS Instruments. The calibration was carried out prior

• to each run. A sample volume of 100 μL was used. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) for particle size analysis and zeta potential determination was carried out on a Malvern Zetasizer Nano ZS ZEN 3600 instrument (25 °C, laser wavelength 633 nm). The scattering was monitored at a fixed angle of 173° in

• synthesis by-products that were not completely replaced by the stabilizing agent PVP [85]. Figure 1 and Figure 2 show the particle size distribution data from DLS and DCS, respectively. The average hydrodynamic diameter of the water-dispersed nanoparticles represents the diameter of the solid metallic core

Size-selected Fe₃O₄–Au hybrid nanoparticles for improved magnetism-based theranostics

• Maria V. Efremova,
• Yulia A. Nalench,
• Eirini Myrovali,
• Anastasiia S. Garanina,
• Ivan S. Grebennikov,
• Polina K. Gifer,
• Maxim A. Abakumov,
• Marina Spasova,
• Makis Angelakeris,
• Alexander G. Savchenko,
• Michael Farle,
• Natalia L. Klyachko,
• Alexander G. Majouga and
• Ulf Wiedwald

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2684–2699, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.251

• increases with increasing particle size from 57.0 (47.6) A·m2·kg−1 (Fe3O4) for MNP-6 to 97.1 (86.8) A·m2·kg−1 (Fe3O4) at 5 (300) K for MNP-25 while MNP-44 only reaches 79.6 (73.6) A·m2·kg−1 (Fe3O4) at 5 (300) K probably due to the reduced grain size and resulting deterioration of the Fe3O4 lattice as well

Cytotoxicity of doxorubicin-conjugated poly[N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide]-modified γ-Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles towards human tumor cells

• Zdeněk Plichta,
• Yulia Kozak,
• Rostyslav Panchuk,
• Viktoria Sokolova,
• Matthias Epple,
• Lesya Kobylinska,
• Pavla Jendelová and
• Daniel Horák

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2533–2545, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.236

• were used. Number- (Dn) and weight-average particle diameter (Dw) and polydispersity index (PDI = Dw/Dn) characterizing the particle size distribution were determined from analysis of at least 500 particles on micrographs from a FEI Tecnai G2 Spirit transmission electron microscope (TEM; Brno, Czech

• PDI = 1.23 documenting a moderately broad particle size distribution (Figure 4a). The hydrodynamic diameter Dh of γ-Fe2O3 particles in water according to DLS was 90 nm with polydispersity PI = 0.15, which was in agreement with PDI. It is a general observation that Dh > Dn, as DLS observes also solvent

Non-agglomerated silicon–organic nanoparticles and their nanocomplexes with oligonucleotides: synthesis and properties

• Asya S. Levina,
• Marina N. Repkova,
• Nadezhda V. Shikina,
• Zinfer R. Ismagilov,
• Svetlana A. Yashnik,
• Dmitrii V. Semenov,
• Yulia I. Savinovskaya,
• Natalia A. Mazurkova,
• Inna A. Pyshnaya and
• Valentina F. Zarytova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2516–2525, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.234

• particle size detected by AFM. Reasonable results on the diameter of the studied particles were obtained by dynamic light scattering (Table 1 and Table 2), which allows measurement of the particle size in solution (without effects of the drying process, which most likely leads to polymerization and

• . The values of particle size and zeta potential were averaged over those experiments. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images were taken on a JEM 1400 (Jeol, Japan) electron microscope at an accelerating voltage of 80 kV. We analyzed a 35 mM solution of Si–NH2 nanoparticles and Si–NH2·ODN

Enhanced antineoplastic/therapeutic efficacy using 5-fluorouracil-loaded calcium phosphate nanoparticles

• Shanid Mohiyuddin,
• Saba Naqvi and
• Gopinath Packirisamy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2499–2515, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.233

• improves the efficacy of the treatment in real time and reduces the nonspecific toxicity. Particle size determination by dynamic light scattering The diameter of the synthesized CaP@5-FU NPs was analysed with dynamic light scattering and a mean hydrodynamic diameter of 198 ± 33.67 nm was determined (Figure

• . On the other hand, the DLS analysis will determine the size of the particle in the solution. Scanning electron microscopy studies FE-SEM was performed to confirm the particle size, morphology, and elemental characterization. The synthesized CaP@5-FU NPs were found to have a mean diameter of 158

Nanocellulose: Recent advances and its prospects in environmental remediation

• Katrina Pui Yee Shak,
• Yean Ling Pang and
• Shee Keat Mah

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2479–2498, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.232

• ) [101]. The abundant surface –OH groups act as hydrophilic sites to accelerate nucleation and growth of inorganic particles, consequently controlling the morphology, particle size, and crystallinity [107]. Such readily available surface –OH groups offer an ideal platform for the fabrication of hybrid

• wastewater treatment due to its ease of recollection and recycling purpose, resulting in no photocatalyst residue in the reaction system. Moreover, metal oxide nanoparticles of smaller particle size and larger surface area can be expediently immobilized in the cellulose film to obtain a metal oxide

Droplet-based synthesis of homogeneous magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles

• Christian D. Ahrberg,
• Ji Wook Choi and
• Bong Geun Chung

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2413–2420, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.226

• reproducibility. Furthermore, we demonstrate how the particle size can be changed from 5.2 ± 0.9 nm to 11.8 ± 1.7 nm by changing the reaction temperature and droplet residence time in the droplet capillary reactor. Keywords: capillary reactor; droplet synthesis; magnetic nanoparticles; narrow size distribution

• synthesized in the droplet reactor are compared to nanoparticles prepared through conventional batch synthesis in terms of particle size distribution and reproducibility. Furthermore, we demonstrate how the size of the synthesized particles can be adjusted by varying the reaction time in the droplet reactor

• filled with water. Exact experimental parameters regarding the comparison between batch and droplet synthesis (Table S1, Table S2), the effect of temperature (Table S3), and the effect of residence time on particle size (Table S4) can be found in Supporting Information File 1. For batch synthesis

Hydrothermal-derived carbon as a stabilizing matrix for improved cycling performance of silicon-based anodes for lithium-ion full cells

• Mirco Ruttert,
• Florian Holtstiege,
• Jessica Hüsker,
• Markus Börner,
• Martin Winter and
• Tobias Placke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2381–2395, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.223

• approaches have been reported in the recent years. Some of the concepts that led to enormous improvements include the adaption of well-know concepts from Sn-based materials [11][26], such as reduction of the Si particle size to the nanoscale [15][27][28][29], the improvement of binders for composite

• particles up to a heat treatment temperature of 2100 °C, while at temperature of 2400 °C, they observed the additional formation of rod-shaped particles. The addition of Si-NPs results in a visible increase in primary particle size, which is especially stressed for the sample with the higher Si content of

• -optimized system” might not be the optimum “reference system”, however, it clearly shows the improvement of embedding Si into the carbon matrix. Overall, many different factors (specific surface area, particle size, porosity, Si content, mass loading, etc.) of the reference system should be comparable to

Surface energy of nanoparticles – influence of particle size and structure

• Dieter Vollath,
• Franz Dieter Fischer and
• David Holec

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2265–2276, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.211

• particle size. Different approaches, such as classical thermodynamics calculations, molecular dynamics simulations, and ab initio calculations, exist to predict this quantity. Generally, considerations based on classical thermodynamics lead to the prediction of decreasing values of the surface energy with

• decreasing particle size. This phenomenon is caused by the reduced number of next neighbors of surface atoms with decreasing particle size, a phenomenon that is partly compensated by the reduction of the binding energy between the atoms with decreasing particle size. Furthermore, this compensating effect may

• definition of the particle size. A more realistic definition of the particle size is possible only by a detailed analysis of the electronic structure obtained from initio calculations. Except for minor variations caused by changes in the structure, only a minor dependence of the surface energy on the

Dumbbell gold nanoparticle dimer antennas with advanced optical properties

• Janning F. Herrmann and
• Christiane Höppener

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2188–2197, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.205

• , these observed variations in the far-field and near-field optical properties may have different origins. Particularly, the particle size, particle geometry and gap capacitor properties, such as, the gap size, the gap conductivity and the gap morphology are the most intuitive parameters, which have been

Nanoconjugates of a calixresorcinarene derivative with methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) fragments for drug encapsulation

• Alina M. Ermakova,
• Julia E. Morozova,
• Yana V. Shalaeva,
• Victor V. Syakaev,
• Aidar T. Gubaidullin,
• Alexandra D. Voloshina,
• Vladimir V. Zobov,
• Irek R. Nizameev,
• Olga B. Bazanova,
• Igor S. Antipin and
• Alexander I. Konovalov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2057–2070, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.195

• using dynamic light scattering (DLS) and a the bimodal particle size distribution of 3 was observed in aqueous solution. The detailed DLS data are presented in Table S1, Supporting Information File 1. In Figure 3a the intensity-averaged size distribution is presented. It shows that in the solution are

• a phase separation up to 90 °C, while solutions of 3 in a physiological solution of sodium chloride (0.9% NaCl) solution or in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, pH 7.4) clouded at 60 °C (Figure 4a). DLS method showed that an increase of the particle size of 3 in the presence of salts occurred already

• at room temperature (Figure 4c, Figure S10, Supporting Information File 1). In the 0.9% NaCl solution a monomodal particle size distribution was observed (Table S1, Supporting Information File 1). TEM images of dried saline solution of 3 confirmed the growing of the macrocycle particle size to about

Recent highlights in nanoscale and mesoscale friction

• Andrea Vanossi,
• Dirk Dietzel,
• Andre Schirmeisen,
• Ernst Meyer,
• Rémy Pawlak,
• Thilo Glatzel,
• Marcin Kisiel,
• Shigeki Kawai and
• Nicola Manini

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1995–2014, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.190

• particle size increases, ultimately leading to a sublinear relation between friction and contact area described by , with F the friction force, A the contact area, and γ < 1 the scaling exponent [66][67][68]. A first experimental verification of this effect has been provided by UHV nanomanipulation

• substrate, while all particles sliding on HOPG remained in the regime of structural lubricity (Figure 3). The important role of particle size was further highlighted in theory works [102][103]. Here it was found that besides the size and the shape of the contact area, also the absolute thickness of

Self-assembled quasi-hexagonal arrays of gold nanoparticles with small gaps for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy

• Emre Gürdal,
• Simon Dickreuter,
• Fatima Noureddine,
• Pascal Bieschke,
• Dieter P. Kern and
• Monika Fleischer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1977–1985, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.188

• indicated by this evaluation. A general trend of increasing particle diameters with increasing ED times can be observed. The growth goes into saturation when the particle size approaches the interparticle spacing. Before ED, the gold-loaded micelles start with sizes around 10 nm to 20 nm. As the ED duration

• calculated by dividing the white pixel count by the number of pixels of the image. This represents a measure for the average particle size as well as for the density of the particles, and correspondingly it also provides a measure for the number of molecules on gold per unit area. The Raman intensities were