Theoretical investigations of oxygen vacancy effects in nickel-doped zirconia from ab initio XANES spectroscopy at the oxygen K-edge

• Dick Hartmann Douma,
• Lodvert Tchibota Poaty,
• Alessio Lamperti,
• Stéphane Kenmoe,
• Abdulrafiu Tunde Raji,
• Alberto Debernardi and
• Bernard M’Passi-Mabiala

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 975–985, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.85

• above the Fermi level) that correspond to the pre-edge peaks in the O K-edge XANES spectra show sensitivity to increasing oxygen vacancy concentration. These PDOS peaks show change in intensity and splitting in response to the distortions from ideal geometric arrangements of oxygen shells surrounding

Comparing the performance of single and multifrequency Kelvin probe force microscopy techniques in air and water

• Jason I. Kilpatrick,
• Emrullah Kargin and
• Brian J. Rodriguez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 922–943, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.82

• that are most suitable for operation in liquid environments where bias application can lead to unwanted electrochemical reactions. We conclude that open-loop multifrequency KPFM modes operated with the first harmonic of the electrostatic response on the first eigenmode offer the best performance in

• in the response of the lever proportional to the quality factor of that mode, Qn, where n is the mode number [36][55]. KPFM techniques can be applied off resonance (ω ≠ ωn), where ∝ 1/kn, where kn is the spring constant of the n-th eigenmode. More generally, KPFM techniques are applied at, or close

• to ωn where ∝ Qn/kn and there is a significant enhancement in the oscillation amplitude of the cantilever in response to the electrostatic force, thereby increasing the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) [10]. In this paper we define the SNR as the ratio of the measured signal (oscillation amplitude of the

Bioselectivity of silk protein-based materials and their bio-inspired applications

• Hendrik Bargel,
• Vanessa T. Trossmann,
• Christoph Sommer and
• Thomas Scheibel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 902–921, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.81

• interactions plays a critical role in many biological processes including embryogenesis, development of neuronal tissue, hemostasis, immune response, and inflammation [9]. The adhesive interactions of cells between each other and with ECM proteins (often of specific molecular nature), have important key

• biological functions, including embryogenesis, maintenance of tissue integrity, immune response, and inflammation. Integrins consist of two subunits, α- and β- chains, spanning the cell membrane and forming the receptor in the plasma membrane, characterized by noncovalent interactions [10]. Integrins bind to

• interaction [9]. Generally, integrin-mediated interactions involve a complex series of events including activation, ligand binding, reorganization of the cytoskeleton, and adhesion [13]. In this context, integrin activation is regulated in response to signal cascades inside the cell known as an “inside-out

DNA aptamer selection and construction of an aptasensor based on graphene FETs for Zika virus NS1 protein detection

• Nathalie B. F. Almeida,
• Thiago A. S. L. Sousa,
• Viviane C. F. Santos,
• Camila M. S. Lacerda,
• Thais G. Silva,
• Rafaella F. Q. Grenfell,
• Flavio Plentz and
• Antero S. R. Andrade

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 873–881, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.78

• relatively small size. Since aptamers are selected entirely in vitro, toxic compounds as well as molecules with little or no immune response can also serve as targets. Aptamers constitute a class of molecules promising in various applications in health, particularly in diagnosis. In the past two decades

• ligands. The response of a representative ZIKV60-functionalized graphene device to the sequential addition of increasing amounts of NS1, from 0.01 up to 1000 pg/mL, are shown in Figure 4b. For each specific concentration, we first exposed the graphene device to the electrolyte containing the NS1 protein

• for 10 min. Then, we measured the corresponding electrical response. The characterization of ZIKV60 alone (red line in Figure 4b) was carried out after 10 min of incubation with human serum not containing NS1 to provide a basis for comparison to upcoming receptor–target conjugations occurring in

Numerical modeling of a multi-frequency receiving system based on an array of dipole antennas for LSPE-SWIPE

• Alexander V. Chiginev,
• Anton V. Blagodatkin,
• Dmitrii A. Pimanov,
• Ekaterina A. Matrozova,
• Anna V. Gordeeva,
• Andrey L. Pankratov and
• Leonid S. Kuzmin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 865–872, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.77

• Large Scale Polarization Explorer-Short-Wavelength Instrument for the Polarization Explorer (LSPE-SWIPE) back-to-back horn. These results are used for calculating the frequency response of arrays of planar dipole antennas with cold-electron bolometers for 145, 210, and 240 GHz frequencies. For the main

• the operating frequency range. For correct numerical modeling of the frequency response of the receiving system, it is necessary to know the distribution of the field of the incident wave on the matrix of receiving cells. The most consistent would be modeling a back-to-back horn irradiated by a plane

• be used to calculate the frequency response of antenna arrays with integrated bolometers for the main and auxiliary frequency channels of the LSPE-SWIPE. Calculation of the frequency response of a planar antenna matrix with integrated cold-electron bolometers The frequency response of the receiving

Micro-structures, nanomechanical properties and flight performance of three beetles with different folding ratios

• Jiyu Sun,
• Pengpeng Li,
• Yongwei Yan,
• Fa Song,
• Nuo Xu and
• Zhijun Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 845–856, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.75

• , Shanghai Liheng, China; 0–20 N ± 0.2 mN) has the advantages of small size, high precision, and fast response, suitable for the flight performance tests of insects and MAVs. Three species of beetles were divided into groups of three. After each beetle was attached to the bracket with AB glue at an angle of

Ultrafast signatures of magnetic inhomogeneity in Pd_1−xFe_x (x ≤ 0.08) epitaxial thin films

• Andrey V. Petrov,
• Sergey I. Nikitin,
• Lenar R. Tagirov,
• Amir I. Gumarov,
• Igor V. Yanilkin and
• Roman V. Yusupov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 836–844, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.74

• from a relatively simple to a much more complex one; subsequently, the character partially simplifies again. In quantitative terms, in the general case, the relaxation response can be described by the sum of four decaying exponents, two fast and two relatively slow ones, with one positive and one

• maximum degree of magnetic inhomogeneity of the films. The temperature dependence of the subpicosecond demagnetization component clearly correlates with the course of the saturation magnetization of the film (Figure 4a and Figure 5b), and represents, thus, the response of the ferromagnetic component of

Efficient liquid exfoliation of KP₁₅ nanowires aided by Hansen's empirical theory

• Zhaoxuan Huang,
• Zhikang Jiang,
• Nan Tian,
• Disheng Yao,
• Fei Long,
• Yanhan Yang and
• Danmin Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 788–795, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.69

• value below 100 nm. The thinnest KP15 nanowires reached 5.1 nm and had smooth boundaries. Meanwhile, strong temperature-dependent Raman response in exfoliated KP15 nanowires has been observed, which indicates a strong phonon–phonon coupling in those nanowires. This is helpful for non-invasive

• one-dimensional material with high carrier mobility (308 cm2·V−1·s−1) and rapid response time [8][9][10]. These one-dimensional materials are ideal for photovoltaic and photocatalytic applications. The KP15 is considered to be a novel low-dimensional material with layered structure, high hole carrier

• mobility (1000 cm2·V−1·s−1), and highly anisotropic properties [11]. The photodetectors prepared with KP15 have a fast response time and are ideal materials for photovoltaic applications [12]. Based on our previous studies, KP15 is also a one-dimensional material with a defect-free surface [13][14]. This

Hierarchical Bi₂WO₆/TiO₂-nanotube composites derived from natural cellulose for visible-light photocatalytic treatment of pollutants

• Zehao Lin,
• Zhan Yang and
• Jianguo Huang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 745–762, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.66

• photocorrosion [20]. Among them, the Aurivillius phase bismuth tungstate (Bi2WO6) material is applied in visible-light photocatalysis due to its effective response to visible light and stable physicochemical properties [21]. Bi2WO6 is formed by the alternating growth of (Bi2O2)2+ and perovskite-structured (WO4)2

• response to the visible spectral region. Besides, under visible light irradiation, Bi2WO6/TiO2-NT composites show better photocatalytic degradation activities than that of g-C3N4/TiO2-NT composites. Based on these cellulose-derived nanocomposites, structure–activity relationships between photocatalytic

• presented in Figure 9a, all the UV–vis DRS of the hierarchical Bi2WO6/TiO2-NT nanocomposites show the regions of UV light response and visible light response. The UV–vis DRS of the pure TiO2-NT sample shows an absorption edge at approx. 400 nm that is ascribed to the UV light response without the visible

A nonenzymatic reduced graphene oxide-based nanosensor for parathion

• Sarani Sen,
• Anurag Roy,
• Ambarish Sanyal and
• Parukuttyamma Sujatha Devi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 730–744, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.65

• the autocatalytic response for the electrochemical oxidation/reduction process is an absorption process, the accumulation time is another vital parameter to achieve the highest response for monitoring the amount of parathion residue in samples [35][36]. It has been shown in Figure 6 that as the

• on PT sensing in environmental samples. Other interfering OP (acephate, chlorpyrifos) and organochloride (dicofol, lindane) pesticides also did not significantly affect the response current of PT reduction as they have different redox potential and adsorption potential on the modified electrode

• showed thermal and mechanical stability, ERGO/GCE could be a suitable electrode material for rapid screening of PT in actual samples. To determine the storage stability, the electrocatalytic response of 10 μM PT was monitored in seven-day intervals for the first two months, and it retained about 96.17

Modeling a multiple-chain emeraldine gas sensor for NH₃ and NO₂ detection

• Hana Sustkova and
• Jan Voves

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 721–729, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.64

• the response. Polyaniline emeraldine salt seems to be usable for detecing NH3 and NO2, although the resistance change caused by NO2 gas is much lower than that caused by ammonia. Polyaniline emeraldine base and emeraldine salt. One PANI chain and four NO2 molecules. Two in position “d” (doped) and two

Direct measurement of surface photovoltage by AC bias Kelvin probe force microscopy

• Masato Miyazaki,
• Yasuhiro Sugawara and
• Yan Jun Li

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 712–720, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.63

• ), which controls the AC bias to nullify the modulated signal. We succeeded in directly measuring the local SPV by AC-KPFM with higher resolution, thanks to the exclusion of the thermal drift. We found that AC-KPFM can achieve a SPV response faster by about one to eight orders of magnitude than classical

• ]. Since these resonance frequencies are commonly in the kilohertz to megahertz range, the time scale of the measured SPV is from microseconds to milliseconds, which is much faster than that measured by classical KPFM, which measures the slow SPV response of the order of seconds to hours because of the

• long image acquisition time [31] and the need for consecutive experiments in darkness and under illumination. Here, ωm should be set slower than the intrinsic SPV response, which we aim to observe, otherwise the SPV response cannot follow the modulated laser and yields zero amplitude. The spatial and

Design and selection of peptides to block the SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain by molecular docking

• Kendra Ramirez-Acosta,
• Ivan A. Rosales-Fuerte,
• J. Eduardo Perez-Sanchez,
• Alfredo Nuñez-Rivera,
• Josue Juarez and
• Ruben D. Cadena-Nava

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 699–711, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.62

• ]. From this, new theoretical peptides were designed, considering the most common amino acid residues involved in the formation of hydrogen bonds to the RBD active region of SARS-CoV-2. These small peptides may reinforce and enhance the effectiveness of the immune system response before and after the

• to select peptides of MHC I that do not bind to alleles with an IC50 value below 500 nM since, according to Calis and and Adhikari, binding to alleles with an IC50 above 500 nM would present low to zero immunogenic response [37][38]. From 55 peptides tested, including APD, lysozyme, and HB peptides

Antibacterial activity of a berberine nanoformulation

• Hue Thi Nguyen,
• Tuyet Nhung Pham,
• Anh-Tuan Le,
• Nguyen Thanh Thuy,
• Tran Quang Huy and
• Thuy Thi Thu Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 641–652, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.56

• activity against different viruses, including human cytomegalovirus [17], enterovirus 71 [18], H1N1 influenza virus [19], and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) [6]. BBR has been shown to inhibit viral replication by specific targets and increase the host immune response for viral clearance [20]. Recent

Fabrication and testing of polymer microneedles for transdermal drug delivery

• Vahid Ebrahiminejad,
• Zahra Faraji Rad,
• Philip D. Prewett and
• Graham J. Davies

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 629–640, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.55

• introduced for the dermis layer, while SC and hypodermis layers were considered to possess a linear elastic mechanical response. Quadrilateral meshing with a bias factor of 5 was used to increase the number of elements in the vicinity of the skin piercing zone. Moreover, the sphere of influence meshing

Quantitative dynamic force microscopy with inclined tip oscillation

• Philipp Rahe,
• Daniel Heile,
• Reinhard Olbrich and
• Michael Reichling

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 610–619, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.53

• be strictly parallel to Furthermore, we assume an infinitely stiff sensor in directions perpendicular to as well as a linear sensor response along Then, the static probe response follows Hooke’s law with k being the static sensor force constant [18]. In dynamic mode operation, the sensor is

• positioning elements acting at least along the z-axis. To accomplish this, the sensor is attached to a piezo element allowing for fine positioning that, in turn, is attached to a coarse positioning system. The respective sensor positioning movements, the sensor oscillation, and its response to the mean tip

• whereby the vectorial damping coefficient and the damping coefficient along the oscillation path have been introduced to write the odd force as Force response for the inclined sampling path By reinterpreting the cup and cap averaging functionals as line integrals along the inclined tip sampling path

Approaching microwave photon sensitivity with Al Josephson junctions

• Andrey L. Pankratov,
• Anna V. Gordeeva,
• Leonid S. Revin,
• Dmitry A. Ladeynov,
• Anton A. Yablokov and
• Leonid S. Kuzmin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 582–589, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.50

• without a photon, and q[1], q[2], q[3], … are the detection efficiencies for one, two, three, … photons, respectively. The slope of the fitting curves is set by the number of photons, triggering the switching. The position on the power axis is determined by the effective system response time δt and by the

Effects of substrate stiffness on the viscoelasticity and migration of prostate cancer cells examined by atomic force microscopy

• Xiaoqiong Tang,
• Yan Zhang,
• Jiangbing Mao,
• Yuhua Wang,
• Zhenghong Zhang,
• Zhengchao Wang and
• Hongqin Yang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 560–569, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.47

• unclear how mechanical properties regulate the cellular response to the environmental matrix. In this study, atomic force microscopy (AFM) and laser confocal imaging were used to qualitatively evaluate the relationship between substrate stiffness and migration of prostate cancer (PCa) cells. Cells

• cells themselves in response to the action of the substrate? Atomic force microscopy experiments at the nanoscale were used to measure changes in the elasticity of live cells in situ and to quantify the mechanical response of HPV-PZ-7 and PC-3 cells to the extracellular environment with different

• on stiff substrates after blebbistatin treatment (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S6d and Figure 5b). The results indicate an overall decrease in cell stiffness after blebbistatin treatment. However, the 35 kPa stiffness substrates continued to show a mechanical response given the possible

Detection and imaging of Hg(II) in vivo using glutathione-functionalized gold nanoparticles

• Gufeng Li,
• Shaoqing Li,
• Rui Wang,
• Min Yang,
• Lizhu Zhang,
• Yanli Zhang,
• Wenrong Yang and
• Hongbin Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 549–559, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.46

• evaluate the specificity of GNPs-GSH-Rh6G2, a variety of cations, including Hg2+, Ag+, K+, Na+, Ca2+, Co2+, Cu2+, Fe2+, Mg2+, Mn2+, Pb2+, Zn2+, Al3+, and Fe3+, were examined. As shown in Figure 5a, except for Hg2+, there is little optical response. We also studied the fluorescence-triggered release of Hg2

• change of GNPs-GSH-RH6G2 from colorless to pink when Hg2+ was added (Figure 5e). The fluorescence response showed a good linear relationship in the concentration range of 0.025–0.3 mM. The linear regression equation was F = 86.96c − 27.76 (R2 = 0.9914) (c represents Hg2+ concentration), and the limit of

• spectral response to the presence of metal ions, which illustrates the sensitivity and selectivity for Hg2+. Further, GSH-Rh6G2 and GNPs-GSH-Rh6G2 were employed in confocal microscopy experiments using Hela cells. The experiments showed that GNPs-GSH-Rh6G2 is more easily internalized into the cells and

Stimuli-responsive polypeptide nanogels for trypsin inhibition

• Petr Šálek,
• Jana Dvořáková,
• Sviatoslav Hladysh,
• Diana Oleshchuk,
• Ewa Pavlova,
• Jan Kučka and
• Vladimír Proks

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 538–548, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.45

• of loaded FITC-albumin [18]. Regarding the inhibition of serine proteases and inflammation, AAT, the most abundant inhibitor of serine proteases in human plasma, regulates the proteolytic activity of secreted proteases and is involved in the acute anti-inflammatory response against inflammatory

• represented by DH and zeta potential. Figure 2a depicts the change in DH of PHEG-Tyr nanogel as a response to pH variation from 4 to 4.7 at 25 °C, showing a continuous increase of DH from 179 to 205 nm as a result of the protonation of amine groups of PHEG-Tyr nanogel and the expansion of PHEG-Tyr nanogel

Design and characterization of polymeric microneedles containing extracts of Brazilian green propolis

• Camila Felix Vecchi,
• Rafaela Said dos Santos,
• Jéssica Bassi da Silva and
• Marcos Luciano Bruschi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 503–516, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.42

• corroborates the results that MNs containing more EE were better formed macroscopically. As for GE, none of the variables significantly interfered in the height measurement (p > 0.05), which was confirmed by the difficult formation of MNs containing GE. It can also be confirmed by the response surface graphs

• interference was observed, and for P407 and EE, negative interference was observed. Positive interferences mean that an increase of the studied condition generates an increase in the response, negative interferences mean a decrease of the response with an increase of the studied condition [41], in this case

• due to the standardized use of molds. The response surface is an advanced experiment design technique that helps to understand and optimize the best response. This tool is used to develop a functional relationship between a response of interest, and also to refine models after determining the

Tunable superconducting neurons for networks based on radial basis functions

• Andrey E. Schegolev,
• Nikolay V. Klenov,
• Sergey V. Bakurskiy,
• Igor I. Soloviev,
• Mikhail Yu. Kupriyanov,
• Maxim V. Tereshonok and
• Anatoli S. Sidorenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 444–454, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.37

• seen that the shape of the response meets the requirements; in addition, it can be adjusted using a bias magnetic flux φb. An important feature of the system is that it also allows for non-volatile tuning with memory using tunable inductances l and lout, see Figure 2c–e. Estimations for different

• amplitude increases with increase of the output and shoulder inductances, lout and l. Thus, the choice between the proximity of the transfer function to a Gaussian-like form and the maximization of the response amplitude is determined by the specifics of the network when solving a specific problem. Once

A non-enzymatic electrochemical hydrogen peroxide sensor based on copper oxide nanostructures

• Irena Mihailova,
• Vjaceslavs Gerbreders,
• Marina Krasovska,
• Eriks Sledevskis,
• Valdis Mizers,
• Andrejs Bulanovs and
• Andrejs Ogurcovs

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 424–436, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.35

• interfering substances, that is, ascorbic acid, uric acid, dopamine, NaCl, glucose, and acetaminophen, do not affect the electrochemical response. The real milk sample test showed a high recovery rate (more than 95%). According to the obtained results, this sensor is suitable for practical use for the

• response and, as a consequence, the selectivity of the sensor. This type of sensor is characterized by good reproducibility of measurement, low production cost, fast response, high sensitivity and selectivity, and chemical and mechanical stability in aggressive environments [40][41][42][43][44][45][46

• following sections show the averaged data from all measurements. To determine the optimal scanning parameters that provide the maximum sensitivity of the sensor, the dependence of the electrochemical response on the pH of the buffer solution and on the scanning speed was studied. Impedance spectroscopy was

A chemiresistive sensor array based on polyaniline nanocomposites and machine learning classification

• Jiri Kroutil,
• Alexandr Laposa,
• Ali Ahmad,
• Jan Voves,
• Vojtech Povolny,
• Ladislav Klimsa,
• Marina Davydova and
• Miroslav Husak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 411–423, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.34

• room temperature. The response of the sensing layers was calculated by the relative resistance change: where R0 is the resistance at room temperature in synthetic air and Rg is the resistance of the sensor in the presence of the specific gas. The dynamic responses of sensing layers for gases are

• displayed in Figure 6. The experiment consisted of 5 min of sensor exposure to a certain gas concentration and 5 min of purging at a flow rate of 100 mL·s−1. It is evident that all active layers have the highest sensitivity and clear response to NH3. All active composite layers except PANI+ZnO exhibit a

• concentration (50 ppm) as well as incomplete reversibility. When the operating temperature increased up to 80 °C, the sensing layers showed an at least three times lower response to ammonia in contrast to the room temperature measurements (Figure 7), but with almost complete reversibility (Figure 8). The gas

Electrostatic pull-in application in flexible devices: A review

• Teng Cai,
• Yuming Fang,
• Yingli Fang,
• Ruozhou Li,
• Ying Yu and
• Mingyang Huang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 390–403, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.32

• between the two plates, ε0 is the vacuum permittivity, and A is the area of the two plates. It can be seen from Equation 1 that the material, size, and structure of the electrodes affect properties such as voltage, response time, and life cycles. When designing an ideal MEMS device, these parameters

• , Kaul et al. [15][16] prepared a two-terminal SWCNT NEM switch. The response time of the switch is nanoseconds, and the voltage is 3.5–4.5 V. Cha et al. [21] prepared a multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) NEM switch. The switch length is 800 nm, the diameter is 20–40 nm, the initial gap is 40–60 nm, and

• et al. [8] made a CuO NWs switch, 3 µm long, 80 nm in diameter, and 120 nm in the gap, with a pull-in voltage of 12.5 V. Feng et al. [40] prepared SiC nanowire NEM switches using bottom-up techniques. The pull-in voltage ranges from one to several volts and the response time is below microseconds