Optimizing reaction conditions for the light-driven hydrogen evolution in a loop photoreactor

• Pengcheng Li,
• Daniel Kowalczyk,
• Johannes Liessem,
• Mohamed M. Elnagar,
• Dariusz Mitoraj,
• Radim Beranek and
• Dirk Ziegenbalg

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 74–91, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.9

• , Germany 10.3762/bjoc.20.9 Abstract Photocatalytic hydrogen production from water is a promising way to fulfill energy demands and attain carbon emission reduction goals effectively. In this study, a loop photoreactor with a total volume of around 500 mL is presented for the photocatalytic hydrogen

• in a proper way, solar energy can be converted to hydrogen fuels. Hydrogen as an energy carrier has zero carbon emission and a high energy density [11][12]. While significant efforts are directed towards developing effective photocatalysts for solar water splitting [13][14][15][16], a crucial

Biphenylene-containing polycyclic conjugated compounds

• Cagatay Dengiz

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 1895–1911, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.141

• )2C6H3, (c) H), followed by aromatization in acidic conditions, resulted in the formation of three [3]naphthalene regioisomers 43a–c, 44a–c, and 45a–c with excellent yields of up to 94%. The synthesized PAHs 43a, 44a, and 45a with diverse geometries exhibited interesting absorption and emission

• characteristics, making them highly intriguing for further study and potential applications. Among the regioisomers in the series, the linear isomer 43a displayed the highest quantum yield (Φem = 0.64). Additionally, its absorption and emission max values (λmax and λmax,em) were determined to be 476 and 477 nm

• , respectively. Compound 44a exhibited no alteration in the absorption maxima; however, there was a considerable bathochromic shift in the emission maxima (λmax = 476 nm and λmax,em = 587 nm for 44a). In contrast to compound 43a, Φem of compound 44a decreased significantly to 0.08. Likewise, compound 45a (λmax

Aromatic systems with two and three pyridine-2,6-dicarbazolyl-3,5-dicarbonitrile fragments as electron-transporting organic semiconductors exhibiting long-lived emissions

• Karolis Leitonas,
• Brigita Vigante,
• Dmytro Volyniuk,
• Audrius Bucinskas,
• Pavels Dimitrijevs,
• Sindija Lapcinska,
• Pavel Arsenyan and
• Juozas Vidas Grazulevicius

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 1867–1880, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.139

• the solutions of the compounds showed non-structured emission peaks in the visible region, which are attributed to ICT emission. The PL intensities of the solutions of the compounds are enhanced after deoxygenation, which is indicative of TADF. The photoluminescence quantum yields and TADF properties

• 10 000 cd m−2, electroluminescence ranging from blue to yellow, maximum current of 15 cd/A and higher EQE than 7%. Pyridine-3,5-dicarbonitrile-based TADF materials exhibit different visible light emission spectra (Figure 1). Recently, Chen and Lu reported two new orange-red/red TADF emitters composed

• PL intensity increased with increasing temperature and the profiles of the PL spectra were practically the same at the different temperatures proving the fluorescence nature of long-lived emission (Figure 4c and Figures S4–S6 in Supporting Information File 1). Two decay regimes were obtained for the

Thienothiophene-based organic light-emitting diode: synthesis, photophysical properties and application

• Recep Isci and
• Turan Ozturk

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 1849–1857, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.137

• absorption and emission maxima of 411 and 520 nm, respectively, with a mega Stokes shift of 109 nm and fluorescence quantum yields both in the solid state (41%) and in solution (86%). The optical properties were supported by computational chemistry using density functional theory for optimized geometry and

• lithiation of 7 and following reaction with dimesitylboron fluoride in 85% yield (Scheme 1). Photophysical properties The UV–vis absorption and fluorescence spectra of DMB-TT-TPA (8) were recorded in THF (Figure 1 and Table 1) [38]. It showed maximum absorption and emission wavelengths of 411 and 520 nm

• ), 2.17 (s, 12H); 13C NMR (126 MHz, CDCl3) δ 158.92, 153.46, 151.26, 147.60, 147.20, 143.95, 141.05, 140.90, 138.50, 137.96, 132.59, 130.25, 129.86, 129.49, 129.33, 128.14, 127.85, 127.57, 125.01, 123.45, 122.08, 114.12, 55.23, 23.54, 21.22. Absorption and emission of DMB-TT-TPA (8) in THF. Figure 1 was

Selectivity control towards CO versus H₂ for photo-driven CO₂ reduction with a novel Co(II) catalyst

• Lisa-Lou Gracia,
• Philip Henkel,
• Olaf Fuhr and
• Claudia Bizzarri

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 1766–1775, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.129

• − (−1.67 V) is plausible, albeit the difference is not high. Estimation of the redox potentials of the excited state of PS (Eox* and Ered*) was done assuming that the energy difference (E00) between the energies of the excited and ground states, both at their zero levels, is the same as the emission

• maximum. Being the emission of [Cu(dmp)DPEPhos](BF4) in DMA/TEA 7:1 567 nm, the value of E00 is 2.19 eV. It follows that Eox* is −1.22 V and Ered* is 0.52 V (see Table S3 in Supporting Information File 1). Thermodynamically, an oxidative quenching of PS* by the catalyst 1 is not feasible (ΔG > 0.3 V

• , for a total of eight simultaneous reactions. A drawing of the photoreactor is shown in the Supporting Information File 1 (Figure S9) and the emission spectrum of the lamp is reported in Figure S10. Typically, the solutions contained the photosensitizer (1 mM or 0.5 mM), catalyst 1 (different

Charge carrier transport in perylene-based and pyrene-based columnar liquid crystals

• Alessandro L. Alves,
• Simone V. Bernardino,
• Carlos H. Stadtlober,
• Edivandro Girotto,
• Giliandro Farias,
• Rodney M. do Nascimento,
• Sergio F. Curcio,
• Thiago Cazati,
• Marta E. R. Dotto,
• Juliana Eccher,
• Leonardo N. Furini,
• Hugo Gallardo,
• Harald Bock and
• Ivan H. Bechtold

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 1755–1765, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.128

• excellent photoelectric properties such as strong emission, efficient excimer formation, and suitable intermolecular stacking for good charge carrier transport. They have been applied as active layer in OFETs with high ambipolar mobility due to their well-defined monocrystalline microstructures resulting

• aggregates and nonradiative decay processes that are thermally activated [32]. However, an increase in the emission intensity can be observed for 1 at the Colhex–Iso transition. The stronger π-stacking aggregates present in the Colhex of 1, reduce the emission compared to the the disordered isotropic phase

• . The enhanced and blue-shifted emission at the transition to the isotropic phase arise from the excited isolated molecules, where the exciton decays radiatively without diffusion. For the isolated molecules, the more localized π-orbital results in a higher energy emission state. The same effect was

Trifluoromethylated hydrazones and acylhydrazones as potent nitrogen-containing fluorinated building blocks

• Zhang Dongxu

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 1741–1754, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.127

• oxidation/cyclization with NXS or Cu(OAc)2. Notably, some of the resultant CF3-substituted 1,6-dihydropyridazines exhibited aggregation-induced emission [102][103] (Scheme 16). The hydrocyanation of acylhydrazones is an important method for the preparation of α-hyrazino acids. Hu et al. reported a Lewis

Quinoxaline derivatives as attractive electron-transporting materials

• Zeeshan Abid,
• Liaqat Ali,
• Sughra Gulzar,
• Faiza Wahad,
• Raja Shahid Ashraf and
• Christian B. Nielsen

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 1694–1712, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.124

• of structural modification, the introduction of various functional groups into Qx derivatives has allowed for the precise control of energy levels, bandgaps, and carrier transport properties. For instance, Sharma et al. fine-tuned the intermolecular charge transfer (ICT) transitions and emission

• . explored the modulation of optoelectrochemical properties and thermal characteristics of pyridopyrazino[2,3-b]indole-based Qx46 series with varying substituents, i.e., bromine, chlorine, methyl and nitro group. Their study revealed inbuilt ICT and aggregation-induced emission (AIE) effects, forming

• quinone unit on quinoxaline to achieve donor–acceptor interactions and desirable electronic properties. The compounds exhibited absorption, emission, electrochemical, and thermal properties suitable for n-type materials. Theoretical properties were also investigated using time-dependent DFT. The HOMO and

A deep-red fluorophore based on naphthothiadiazole as emitter with hybridized local and charge transfer and ambipolar transporting properties for electroluminescent devices

• Suangsiri Arunlimsawat,
• Patteera Funchien,
• Pongsakorn Chasing,
• Atthapon Saenubol,
• Taweesak Sudyoadsuk and
• Vinich Promarak

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 1664–1676, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.122

• aggregation-induced emission (AIE) luminogen. The experimental (solvatochromic and emission in THF/water mixtures studies) and theoretical investigations prove that TPECNz retains cooperative hybridized local and charge transfer (HLCT) and weak AIE features. Thanks to its D–A–D-type structure with a proper

• twist angle between the D and A units, a strong electron deficiency of the Nz unit, and electron-donating and hole-transporting natures of carbazole, TPECNz exhibits a strong deep red emission (λem = 648 nm) with a high fluorescence quantum yield of 96%, outstanding thermal property (Tg = 236 °C), and

• ambipolar charge-carrier-transporting property with a decent balance of mobility of electrons (1.50 × 10−5 cm2 V−1 s−1) and holes (4.42 × 10−6 cm2 V−1 s−1). TPECNz is successfully employed as a non-doped emitter in an OLED which displays deep red electroluminescent emission peaked at 659 nm with CIE

Tying a knot between crown ethers and porphyrins

• Maksym Matviyishyn and
• Bartosz Szyszko

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 1630–1650, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.120

• cation and crown ether pocket, dimerisation of the crown porphyrin molecule would occur. The dimerisation led to interesting changes in the visible, NMR, ESR, and emission spectral features. Further developments by Camilleri, Gunter, Boitrel, and Osuka focused on the exploitation of meso-crowned

• of coordination compounds of copper(II), iron(II/III), manganese(II), nickel(II), and cobalt(II) with 9-Zn and 9-Cu was demonstrated. The emission quenching was rationalised considering the binding of the transition metal within the crown ether cavity. No quenching was observed upon the addition of

Cyclodextrins permeabilize DPPC liposome membranes: a focus on cholesterol content, cyclodextrin type, and concentration

• Ghenwa Nasr,
• Hélène Greige-Gerges,
• Sophie Fourmentin,
• Abdelhamid Elaissari and
• Nathalie Khreich

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 1570–1579, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.115

• carried out on a spectrophotometer (Hitashi F-7000 Spectrofluorometer) at an excitation wavelength of 535 nm and an emission wavelength of 590 nm. The emission spectrum was recorded in the range 540–700 nm. The results of the permeability study were expressed as the percentage of the fluorophore released

Consecutive four-component synthesis of trisubstituted 3-iodoindoles by an alkynylation–cyclization–iodination–alkylation sequence

• Nadia Ledermann,
• Alae-Eddine Moubsit and
• Thomas J. J. Müller

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 1379–1385, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.99

• absorption maximum of indole derivative 8b appears at 309 nm with an absorption coefficient ε = 10700 M−1 cm−1 and the emission maximum is found at 423 nm with a Stokes shift of 8700 cm−1 (Figure 1A). Moreover, compound 8b emits intensively blue in both the solid state and solution (Figure 1B). Conclusion In

• , 6.29; N, 4.52. A: Absorption and emission spectra of 1-methyl-2-phenyl-3-(p-tolyl)-1H-indole (8b), recorded in dichloromethane, T = 298 K, λexc = 290 nm. B: Emission of compound 8b in the solid state (right) and in solution (left) (UV lamp, λexc = 365 nm. Consecutive alkynylation–cyclization–alkylation

Organic thermally activated delayed fluorescence material with strained benzoguanidine donor

• Alexander C. Brannan,
• Elvie F. P. Beaumont,
• Nguyen Le Phuoc,
• George F. S. Whitehead,
• Mikko Linnolahti and
• Alexander S. Romanov

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 1289–1298, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.95

• 4CzIPN, vide supra. We collected steady state luminescence and PL after long time delays for 4BGIPN at 77 K to further support the assignment of the TADF mechanism and attempt to characterize LE and CT triplet states. The emission profiles experienced minor narrowing upon cooling to 77 K, while the PL

• localized on a donor benzoguanidine moiety. Unlike 1LE-fluorescence, 3LE-phosphorescence has a very long lifetime of 1.8 s. Excitation spectra of the broad and resolved bands for 4BGIPN in MCH glass at 77 K (Figure S4, Supporting Information File 1) follow a mirror image rule when compared with emission

• to 60 K. However, only marginal increase of lifetime measured in the range of 60 to 16 K indicating a phosphorescence PL nature below 60 K. The charge transfer singlet (1CT) and local excited singlet (1LE), triplet (3LE) state energies were estimated from the onset values of the blue emission edge of

Radical ligand transfer: a general strategy for radical functionalization

• David T. Nemoto Jr,
• Kang-Jie Bian,
• Shih-Chieh Kao and
• Julian G. West

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 1225–1233, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.90

• important medical radioisotope used for positron emission tomography (PET) [43]. Optimized conditions of both isotopes included fast reaction times of under two hours; in the case of the 18F radioisotope, reactions were carried out in 10 minutes and resulted in moderate to high yields, demonstrating the

Unravelling a trichloroacetic acid-catalyzed cascade access to benzo[f]chromeno[2,3-h]quinoxalinoporphyrins

• Chandra Sekhar Tekuri,
• Pargat Singh and
• Mahendra Nath

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 1216–1224, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.89

• ) porphyrins were transformed to the corresponding free base and zinc(II) benzo[f]chromeno[2,3-h]quinoxalinoporphyrins under standard demetallation and zinc insertion conditions. The absorption and emission properties of the obtained porphyrins were investigated by using UV–visible and fluorescence

• spectroscopy. The preliminary photophysical results revealed a significant red-shift in their absorption and emission spectra as compared to the meso-tetrakis(4-methylphenyl)porphyrins due to the extended π-conjugation. Keywords: bathochromic shift; benzo[f]chromeno[2,3-h]quinoxalinoporphyrins; catalysis

• other materials applications [4][5][6][7]. Among the previously synthesized synthetically modified porphyrinoids, β,β’-fused meso-tetraphenylporphyrins have gained a considerable importance because of their red-shifted absorption and emission due to the extended π-conjugation. In particular, β,β’-fused

New one-pot synthesis of 4-arylpyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-ones based on 5-aminopyrazoles and azlactones

• Vladislav Yu. Shuvalov,
• Ekaterina Yu. Vlasova,
• Tatyana Yu. Zheleznova and
• Alexander S. Fisyuk

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 1155–1160, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.83

• -trimethoxyphenyl- (4e), 2-furyl- (4h) and 2-thienyl- (4i), the product yields are reduced to 55–60% (Scheme 2). All the compounds obtained are colorless crystalline substances. When dissolved, they produce colorless solutions exhibiting distinct fluorescent properties with blue emission when exposed to UV light

• . We recorded absorption and fluorescence spectra of ethanolic solutions of compounds 4a–i, 9a, and 10a. The emission and absorption spectra of all the compounds differ slightly from each other. Their spectral parameters are presented in Table 2. In the UV spectra of ethanolic solutions of compounds 4a

• –i, 9a, and 10a, a band with a maximum at 260–265 nm is observed, which has a shoulder at 300–305 nm. These signals seem to correspond to π–π* and n–π* transitions. In the luminescence spectra of compounds 4a–i, 9a, and 10a, there is one broadened band with an emission maximum at 409–440 nm (Figure 2

Photoredox catalysis harvesting multiple photon or electrochemical energies

• Mattia Lepori,
• Simon Schmid and
• Joshua P. Barham

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 1055–1145, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.81

• rule is classically applied only for photophysical phenomena stating that emission events generally occur only from the lowest excited state of a certain multiplicity due to very fast relaxation via internal conversion (IC) and vibronic relaxation [67][68][69], it can also be adapted to photochemical

The effect of dark states on the intersystem crossing and thermally activated delayed fluorescence of naphthalimide-phenothiazine dyads

• Liyuan Cao,
• Xi Liu,
• Xue Zhang,
• Jianzhang Zhao,
• Fabiao Yu and
• Yan Wan

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 1028–1046, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.79

• capability of the PTZ and NI moieties, respectively, by oxidation of the PTZ unit, or by using different aryl substituents attached to the NI unit. This tuning effect was manifested in the UV–vis absorption and fluorescence emission spectra, e.g., in the change of the charge transfer absorption bands. TADF

• harvesting efficiency of both the singlet and triplet excitons and thus a high quantum efficiency for the electroluminescence [13]. The TADF emission process involves the reverse intersystem crossing (rISC) from the triplet (T1) state to the emissive singlet (S1) state. A typical molecular structure motif

• by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and HRMS spectra (Experimental section). UV–vis absorption and fluorescence emission spectra The UV–vis absorption spectra of the compounds were studied (Figure 1 and Figure S29 in Supporting Information File 1). For the compounds without an oxidized PTZ unit, there are

A fluorescent probe for detection of Hg²⁺ ions constructed by tetramethyl cucurbit[6]uril and 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethene

• Xiaoqian Chen,
• Naqin Yang,
• Yue Ma,
• Xinan Yang and
• Peihua Ma

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 864–872, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.63

• nature can be converted into organic mercury under the action of microorganisms, which cannot be decomposed or degraded into nontoxic substances in the human body [1][2], which will seriously threaten human health. Therefore, China has formulated water pollutant emission limits [3]. Traditional Hg2+ ion

• detection methods include atomic absorption spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, emission spectroscopy and electrochemical methods [4][5][6][7]. These detection methods are expensive and time-consuming, and the detection of samples becomes extremely difficult. Therefore, it is of great significance to construct

• complex with a molar ratio of 1:1. Fluorescent spectroscopic analysis The interaction between G and TMeQ[6] in aqueous solution was investigated using fluorescence titration experiments. The fluorescence titration curve (Figure 3a) shows that at the excitation wavelength of 351 nm, G has an emission peak

Non-peptide compounds from Kronopolites svenhedini (Verhoeff) and their antitumor and iNOS inhibitory activities

• Yuan-Nan Yuan,
• Jin-Qiang Li,
• Hong-Bin Fang,
• Shao-Jun Xing,
• Yong-Ming Yan and
• Yong-Xian Cheng

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 789–799, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.59

• cytometry (BD, USA). CD8+ T cells and Panc02-h7-GP-GFP cells were co-cultured with the corresponding concentrations of compounds or DMSO for 18 h. Fluorescence intensity was measured using a microplate reader (emission at 476 nm, excitation at 514 nm). Anti-inflammatory assay RAW264.7 (a mouse macrophage

Construction of hexabenzocoronene-based chiral nanographenes

• Ranran Li,
• Di Wang,
• Shengtao Li and
• Peng An

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 736–751, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.54

• Gibbs activation energy of enantiomer 53 for the racemization process was determined as 33.0 kcal mol−1 at 298 K. The CPL spectra of M-53 and P-53 showed an emission maximum at 560 nm with glum value of 2.3 × 10−4. Instead of helicene formation in the final Scholl-type ring formation step, Martín and co

• of 91 was significantly improved. The enantiomers of 91 were proved as NIR-CPL emitters with 600 to 800 nm range of emission and glum values of 3 × 10−3 both in solution and in the solid state. Multilayer (e.g., bilayer and trilayer) graphenes that are composed of stacked graphenic layers exhibit

• HPLC. Due to the large conjugated structure, NG 110 exhibited a significantly red-shifted emission in the near-infrared (NIR) region. Furthermore, the structure extension causes significant improvements both in the fluorescence quantum yield and CPL properties. The dissymmetry factors glum of (P)- and

Synthesis, structure, and properties of switchable cross-conjugated 1,4-diaryl-1,3-butadiynes based on 1,8-bis(dimethylamino)naphthalene

• Semyon V. Tsybulin,
• Ekaterina A. Filatova,
• Alexander F. Pozharskii,
• Valery A. Ozeryanskii and
• Anna V. Gulevskaya

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 674–686, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.49

• solution (chloroform and acetonitrile were tested). For comparison, N,N-dimethyl-4-((4-nitrophenyl)ethynyl)aniline demonstrates a weak fluorescence with an emission maximum at 550 nm (EtOH) [37]. The optical band gaps (Egopt), estimated from the onset point of the absorption spectra, ranged within 2.39 eV

pH-Responsive fluorescent supramolecular nanoparticles based on tetraphenylethylene-labelled chitosan and a six-fold carboxylated tribenzotriquinacene

• Nan Yang,
• Yi-Yan Zhu,
• Wei-Xiu Lin,
• Yi-Long Lu and
• Wen-Rong Xu

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 635–645, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.45

• , PR China 10.3762/bjoc.19.45 Abstract We synthesized a new tetraphenylethylene-modified chitosan bioconjugate, CS-TPE, that shows the aggregation-induced emission effect. It can self-assemble into fluorescent polymeric nanoparticles in an aqueous solution at pH 5.3 either alone or with the water

• fluorescence emission based on CS-TPE or TBTQ-C6/CS-TPE may find applications in various fields, including the development of visual oral drug delivery systems. Keywords: chitosan; nanoparticle; tetraphenylethylene; tribenzotriquinacene; Introduction Stimuli-responsive assemblies in aqueous media have drawn

• -induced emission (AIE) character [20][21]. Chitosan (CS) is a natural cationic polysaccharide, which is considered an ideal material for the construction of drug delivery systems due to its nontoxic, biocompatible, biodegradable, and easily functionalized properties [22]. Herein, we designed and

Phenanthridine–pyrene conjugates as fluorescent probes for DNA/RNA and an inactive mutant of dipeptidyl peptidase enzyme

• Josipa Matić,
• Tana Tandarić,
• Marijana Radić Stojković,
• Filip Šupljika,
• Zrinka Karačić,
• Ana Tomašić Paić,
• Lucija Horvat,
• Robert Vianello and
• Lidija-Marija Tumir

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 550–565, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.40

• extinction coefficient and long emission lifetime (>100 ns) [3]. Their large aromatic hydrophobic surface allows the intercalation between DNA/RNA base pairs and binding within the minor groove. Pyrenes are also prominent protein probes that can monitor protein conformational changes because of pyrene

• emission change upon binding to proteins, and a cyanine fluorescence that was selective for polynucleotides. Moreover, the FRET pair of chromophores was activated upon binding to biomolecules [18]. Continuing our previous work, two phenanthridine–pyrene conjugates Phen-Py-1 and Phen-Py-2 (Scheme 1

• simulations additionally supported the pronounced hypochromic effect (chapter Computational analysis). Fluorescence spectra Fluorescence emission of Phen-Py-1 and Phen-Py-2 measured at pH 5 and pH 7 (cacodylate buffer, Ic = 0.05 mol dm−3) was linearly dependent on the concentration up to 4 × 10−6 mol dm−3

CuAAC-inspired synthesis of 1,2,3-triazole-bridged porphyrin conjugates: an overview

• Dileep Kumar Singh

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 349–379, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.29

• showed good fluorescence emission; thus, it could be used as a photodynamic therapy application. In 2013, Liu and colleagues [66] used a click chemistry approach to synthesize meso-tetratriazole-bridged Zn(II) porphyrin-boron dipyrromethane conjugates 164 in 85% yield by reacting porphyrin 146 with